高考英语二轮复习训练：112推理判断类a含解析.doc

建议用时：15分钟A2015黑龙江大庆质检二We tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural world. They dont move, they dont make sounds and they dont seem to respond to anythingat least not very quickly. But as is often the case, our human view of the world misses quite a lot. Plants talk to each other all the time. And the language is chemical.Over the years, scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes, release compounds (化合物) into the air to help neighboring plants. These chemical warnings all have the same purposeto spread information about one plants disease or infestation so other plants can defend themselves. But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.In this weeks Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers in Japan offered some explanations. They had identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.The scientists looked at tomato plants infested by a common pest, the cutworm. The researchers studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants. They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants. The substance is called HexVic. When the scientists fed HexVic to cutworms, it knocked down their survival rate by 17%. The scientists identified the source of HexVic, and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to start producing the cutwormkilling HexVic. Researchers confirmed that uninfested plants have to build their own weapons to fight off bugs and disease. How do they know when to play defense? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.It is a complex tale, and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes. It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. Further studies are needed to increase agricultural efficiency.人们倾向于认为植物是大自然的装饰品。它们不能移动，不能发出声响，看起来不对任何事情作出反应。但是情况常常并非如此，植物一直都在说话。1How do plants warn their neighbors?AThey make use of winds.BThey release some chemicals.CThey identify the chemicals.DThey are exposed early.答案：B 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes, release compounds (化合物) into the air to help neighboring plants”可知，不同种类的植物通过释放一些化合物进而帮助附近的植物，即B项正确。2Whats the function of HexVic?AIt damages the cutworms body.BIt shows up more.CIt cures the disease.DIt sprays over healthy plants.答案：A 考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“When the scientists fed HexVic to cutworms, it knocked down their survival rate by 17%”和“Those plants were then able to start producing the cutwormkilling HexVic”可知，A项正确。3It can be inferred from the text that_.Athere are not chemical signalsBthe phenomenon may be happening in less plant species than tomatoesCfarmers may benefit from the further studiesDplants are warned first by their neighbors答案：C 考查推理判断。由文章的最后一句可推知，通过进一步的科学研究可以提高农业效率，农民会从中受益，即C项正确。4The passage is likely to appear in_.Aa newspaper advertisementBa physics textbookCa science magazineDa finance report答案：C考查推理判断。根据文章内容可推知，本文应该是一篇科研报告性质的文章，即C项正确。1furniture n. 家具；设备2.explanation n. 解释3expose vt. 揭露；使曝光 4.spray n/v. 喷射；喷雾器5confirm vt.确认；证实1tend to 倾向于，易于2respond to 对作出回应3show up 出现；露面原文：But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.(主语从句)译文：但植物如何接收并按照这些信号行事仍旧是个迷。仿写：What_made_him_most_excited was, I think, that he had passed all the exams.我认为使他最兴奋的是，他已经通过了所有的考试。B2015山东日照校际联测Whether it is Mozart or Miley, your choice of music could determine whether you will perform well at your work.A new study suggests that listening to music in the office improves the speed and accuracy of tasks such as data entry, proofreading and problemsolving.In an officebased experiment, 88 percent of participants were found to produce their most accurate work when listening to music. The study also found that 81 percent completed their fastest work when music was played. And it matters what type of music you listen to. For instance, if youre doing your tax returns, then classical music is the most effective as it improves maths skills. Listening to Jessie J or Justin Bieber could also improve your speed, with 58 percent of participants completing data entry tasks faster while listening to pop songs. During proofreading, dance music, such as David Guettas, had the biggest positive impact on participants increasing their speed by 20 percent compared to tests undertaken with no music at all. Dance music also had a positive effect on spellchecking with a 75 percent pass rate compared to 68 percent when no music was played at all. The research, undertaken by Brightonbased Mindlab International, suggests that silent offices may be the least productive.“The music experiment showed that when listening to music, nine out of ten people performed better，” said Dr. David Lewis, chairman of Mindlab International.“Proper music enables people to quickly process and keep information, regulate their behavior, make good choices, solve problems, plan and adjust to changing mental demands，” a senior investigator of Mindlab International explained. “While many schools are cutting music programs and spending more and more time on test preparations, our findings suggest that musical training courses may actually help to set up children for a better academic future，” added Dr. David Lewis.研究表明，合适的音乐对工作效率的提高有着积极的作用。5What does the passage mainly talk about?AThe positive relationship between music and work efficiency.BThe speed and accuracy of problemsolving tasks.CThe comparison of different kinds of music.DThe experiment on productivity of office staff.答案：A 考查主旨大意。根据第一段和第二段可知，合适的音乐有利于提高工作的效率，在办公室听音乐可以提高数据输入、校对及问题解决的速度及准确性，即音乐和工作效率之间的积极联系，故选A项。6According to the passage, we can conclude that _.Adifferent kinds of music lead to the same effectBsilent offices can make people perform betterClistening to proper music can improve efficiency in officesDmore tests prepare children for a better academic future答案：C 考查推理判断。根据第三、四段和第五段的第一句“And it matters what type of music you listen to”可推知，工作效率的提高取决于听哪种类型的音乐，即合适的音乐有利于提高工作效率，故选C项。7What is the authors attitude towards school music programs?ARespectful. BDoubtful.CTolerant. DSupportive.答案：D 考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的“our fin