国际贸易实务第七单元 Packingppt课件

.,国际贸易实务双语教程,(INTERNATIONALBusinessPractice),.,Review,Whatarethemeasuringunitsusuallyusedinourcountry?,MethodsofCalculatingWeight,Exercises,Chapter7Packing,.,Weight（重量）,Number（个数）,MeasuringUnits,Length（长度）,Area（面积）,Volume（体积）,Capacity（容积）,Package（包件）,.,1WeightCalculation（重量的计算）1)ByGrossWeight（按毛量）2)ByNetWeight（按净重）3)ConditionedWeight（公量）4)TheoreticalWeight（理论重量）5)LegalWeight（法定重量）,2MoreorLessClause（溢短装条款）,Chapter7Packing,.,Packing,inbusinesspractice,isoneofthemostimportantproblemsthatconfrontthemerchantsengagedinforeigntrade.Itneedsmorecareinexporttradethandomestictrade.Therealartofpackingistogetthecontentsintonice,compactshapethatwillstayinperfectconditionwithnothingmissingduringtheroughestjourney.,Introduction,.,SectionOneThefunctionofPacking,3PracticalsuggestionsforpackingmethodsP133,1ProblemsinTransport?P131,2PurposeofPacking?P132,.,1ProblemsinTransport,2PurposeofPacking,3Practicalsuggestionsforpackingmethods,.,SectionTwoKinds/typesofPacking,Thekindsofcargoesarevariousininternationaltrade,fromtheviewpointofwhethertheyneedpacking,theyfallintothreekinds:,NudeCargo（裸装货）,BulkCargo（散装货）,PackedCargo（包装货）,.,Nudecargoesornudepackedcommoditiesrefertothosekindsofcargoeswhosequalitiesaremorestableandtobeshippedwithoutanypackagesorinsimplebundles.Theyarenoteasytobeinfluencedbyoutsidecircumstancesandtheybecomesinglepiecesoftheirown.Theyaredifficulttobepackedordonotneedanypacking,suchassteelproducts,leadingot,timber,rubber,automobile,etc.,NudeCargo,.,2)CargoinBulk/BulkCargo,Cargoinbulkrefertothosegoodswhichareshippedorevensoldwithoutpackagesontheconveyanceinbulk,suchasoil,ore,grain,coal,etc.Bulkshipmentisusuallyapplicableforlargequantityofcommoditiesthataretobeshippedbymeansoftransportwithspecialpurposedshippingequipment.Bulkshipmenthastheadvantagesofspacesaving,quickhandlingandlowerfreight.,.,PackedCargo,Mostofcommoditiesininternationaltradeneedcertaindegreeofpackingduringtheshipping,storingandsalesprocess.Packedcargoesrefertothosewhichneedshippingpacking,marketingpackingorboth.,.,PackingContainers,Barrel,.,PackingContainers,.,PackingContainers,.,PackingContainers,.,PackingContainers,.,PackingContainers,.,PackingContainers,.,PackingContainers,.,Transport/ShippingPackingandSales/MarketingPacking（运输包装和销售包装）,1)Transport/shipping(outerpacking)（运输包装）,2)Sales/MarketingPacking（销售包装）,3)NeutralPacking(中性包装),.,Thetwokindsofshippingpacking,(1)Singlepiecepacking（单件运输包装）P137,(2)Collectivepacking（集合运输包装）P137,.,Thecargoesarepackedasasingleunit,i.e.,ameasuringunit,inthetransportationprocess.Singlepiecepackingcanbesub-dividedintothefollowingtwokinds:Accordingtostyle:cases,drums,bags,bales,bundles,etc.Accordingtomaterial:cartons,woodencases,irondrums,woodencasks,plasticcasks,paperbags,gunnybags,plasticbags,etc.,(1)Singlepiecepacking（单件运输包装）P137,.,Collectivepackingisalsocalledgroupshippingpackingbywhichacertainnumberofsinglepiecesaregroupedtogethertoformabigpackingorarepackedinabigcontainer.Collectivepackingcanbeclassifiedinto:,(2)Collectivepacking（集合运输包装）P137,Flexiblecontainer（集装包和集装袋）,Container（集装箱）,Pallet（托盘）,P137-138,.,.,.,.,.,Brandsdesignatedbythebuyer,referstothepackingthatthegoodsshouldbepackedaccordingtothetrademarksandbrandsbythebuyer.Astothegoodstobeorderedregularlyinlargequantitiesforalongtimebyforeigncustomers,inordertoexpandsales,wecanaccepttrademarksdesignatedbybuyerswithindicatingthemarkofthemanufacturingcountry,thatis,theneutralpackingwithbrandsdesignatedbythebuyers.,.,Sometimeswemayaccepttrademarksorbrandsdesignatedbybuyersfromforeigncountries,butunderthetrademarksandbrands,weindicate“MadeinthePeoplesRepublicofChina”or“MadeinChina”.Insomeothercases,wemayacceptthedesignatedtrademarksorbrandsandatthesametime,underthetrademarksorbrandsweindicatethatthegoodsaremadebyafactoryinthebuyerscountry,i.e.,trademarksorbrandsandoriginsdesignatedbythebuyers.,.,SectionThreeMarkingofPackage包装标志,ClassificationofMarkingPackage包装标志的分类,Whentalkingabouttransportpacking,thepackingmark(ormarkingofpackage)ofcoursehastobereferredto.Packingmarkorrecognitionmarkreferstodifferentdiagrams,wordsandfigureswhicharewritten,printed,orbrushedontheoutsideoftheshippingpackinginorderthatitiseasyandconvenientforgoodsloading,unloading,store,inspectionanddischarge.Packageshouldnotbemarkedwithcrayons,tagsorcard.Thebestmethodofmarkingistostencilthemarksontheoutsideofthepackage.Someexporterspaintthemarkswithabrushandindelibleink.Allinall,markshouldbepermanentandeasilyreadataglance.,.,Accordingtotheusesofthepackingmark,itcanbedividedinto,1)ShippingMarks（运输标志）,2)IndicativeMarks（指示性标志）,3)WarningMarks（警告性标志）,4)Supplementary(orAdditional)Marks（附加标志）,.,Shippingmarksaremarksofsimpledesigns,someletters,numbersandsimplewordsonpackages,oftenstenciled,thatserveasidentificationoftheconsignmenttowhichtheybelong.Itisoneofthemostimportantelementswhichareagreedonbytheexporterandtheimporterinasalescontract.Theshippingmarkconsistsof,1)ShippingMarks（运输标志）,Nameorcodeofdestination;,Codeofconsigneeorconsignor;,Piecenumber,serialnumber,contractnumberorlicensenumber.,.,Simpleshippingmarksaregenerallymadeupoffourparts:,(1)Consigneescode,(2)Consignorscode,(3)NameorcodeofDestination,(4)Packagenumber/piecenumber,.,Weusuallymakeuseofthesimple,noticeabledesign,remarkablediagramsandsimplewordsonthepackagestoremaintherelativeworkersoftheitemsforattentionwhentheyload,unload,carryandstorethegoods,suchas:HANDLEWITHCARE,THISSIDEUP(SeeFig.7-3),etc.Printedinblackcolorgenerally.,2)IndicativeMarks（指示性标志）,P143,.,Thewarningmarkisalsocalleddangerouscargomarkorshippingmarkfordangerouscommodities,whichisbrushed/printedclearlyanddefinitelyontheshippingpackingoftheinflammable,explosive,poisonous,corrosiveorradioactivegoods,soastogivewarningstotheworkers/dockers/crew.,3)WarningMarks（警告性标志）,Warningmarksareusuallymadeupofsimplegeometricaldiagrams,worddescriptionsandparticularpictures,astowhich,everycountryusuallyhasitsownstipulation.,P144,.,Supplementarymarksareanyofficialmarksrequiredbyauthorities.Somecountriesrequirethecountryoforigintobemarkedoneverypackage,andweightanddimensionsmayalsoberequired.,4)Supplementary(orAdditional)Marks（附加标志）,Packingtermsinthecontractareextremelyimportantfortheexporter.Theyareoftenwritteninthisway:“Goodsmustbepackedin”.Sometimesthebuyermayasktheexportertopackthegoodsinhisdesign.Ifhisrequirementscanbemetbyyou,youcanaccepthisterms.Otherwise,trytopersuadethebuyertoadoptyourownortraditionalpackinginstead.Sometimesneutralpackingisoffered.,.,-Stencilthemarksonthetwofaces/sides(frontandbackside)ontheouterpackage.,Shippingmark,Originalmark,PackageMark,.,运输标志的构成,*目的地的名称或代号；*收货人和发货人的代号；*件号、批号、合同号或许可证号。,收货人目的港整批货物600件中的第一件合同号,三角形的运输标志整批货物总共600件,.,常用指示性标志,滑动开门滑动开门推开拉开SLIDESLIDEPUSHPULL,WATERPROOFTHISSIDEUPFRANGIBLENOHOOKS防潮此端朝上易碎品禁用钩,.,WARNINGMARKS（警告性标志）,当心火灾易燃物质当心火灾氧化物当心爆炸爆炸性物质,.,Exercises,Fillintheblankswithwhatyouhavelearned:1、包装标志包括（）。2、运输包装的主要作用在于（）,防止在储存、运输和装卸过程中发生货损货差。3、国际上通用的包装上的条形码有两种:一种是用美国,加拿大组织的统一编码委员会编制,其使用的物品标识符号为（）码;另一种是欧共体的欧洲物品编码协会编制,其使用的物品标识符号为（）码.4、中性包装包括（）和（）.5、运输包装上的标志按其用途可分为（）、（）和（）.6、联合国欧洲经济委员会简化国际贸易程序工作组向各国推荐的标准运输标志包括四项内容:（）、（）、（）、和（）.,.,TrueorFalse,1.国际贸易中,如一方违反合同的包装条款,另一方只能提出损害赔偿,但无权拒收货物.()2.销售包装的主要作用在于保护商品,以防在储运过程中发生货损货差.()3.包装标识包括运输标志,指示性标志和警告性标志,在买卖合同及有关运输单据中,对上述三种标志的内容都应做出明确规定.()4.中性包装的使用主要是为了避免一些关税及非关税壁垒.()5.运输包装上的标志就是指运输标志，也就是通常所说的唛头（）6.我国从日本进口货物，如按FOB条件成交，需由我方派船到日本口岸接货；如按CIF条件成交，则由日本租船舶和将货物运往中国港口，可见，我方按FOB进口承担的货物运输风险，比按CIF进口承担的风险大。（）7.买卖合同中一般均应该规定运输标志、指示性标志、警告性标志。（）,.,CaseStudy,OneChineseexportcompanyexportedsomegoodstoCanada,valuedat$800000.Thecontractstatedthatitshouldbepackedinplasticbags,markswithEnglishandFrenchoneachitem.ButtheChinesecompanyusedotherpackaginginsteadintheactualdelivery,andstillusedonlyEnglishmarks.Theforeignmerchant,inordertoadapttotherequirementsofthelocalmarketandsales,hiredpeopletochangethepackingandshippingmarks.ThenheaskedforclaimagainsttheChinesecompany.TheChinesecompanyrecognizedsomethingwrong,socompensatedthecustomer.Question:Trytoanalysethecase.,.,AnswerAtpresent,manycountriesmaderegulationsaboutpackagingandlabelingforcommoditiessoldinthemarketandtheimportedgoodsmustconformtotheregulations,orelsetheywillbeprohibitedforimportorsaleinthemarket.Labelisasignwhichisattachedonthegoodsorpackagingreferringtothecountry,manufacturer,nameofgoods,goodscomponents,qualitycharacteristics,usemethod,etc.Inmakingthesalespackagelabel,weshouldpayattentiontotherelevantstateregulationsfortheadministrationofthelabel.Somedevelopedcountriesoftenavailoftheseregulationsasmeansofimportrestrictionswhichshouldcauseenoughattention.Forexample,intheEuropeanUnion,therehasaseriesofmerchandise;basiccontentiscommodityitselforpackagingmustwithcorrecttagsthatcanbefullyread,andunderstandable.Fromthisperspective,thesellerfailedtostrictly,accordingtocontract,performprescribedpackingconditionswhichshallbedeemedtobetheobligationtoabreachofcontract.Ourcompanyhastwofaults,oneischangingpackagingmaterials,althoughthequalityofgoodsitselfisnotaffected;theanotherfaultisthatthemarkisnotstipulatedaccordingtothecontract,duetotheproductsbelongingtotheFrencharea,thefillingisofteninFrench.Anyhow,inordertosuccessfullyexport,wemustunderstandandadapttothespecialrequirementsofdifferentstateregulations,inordertoreduceunnecessarytrouble,.,AnAustraliancompanydealtwithusincottonformanyyears.Onedaytheysentusacoat,sayingthatthecoatwasasamplemadebyagarmentfactorywithourdyeingclothunderourexportcontract.Itwassaidthatthetwosleevesofthesamplecoathadobviousdifference,provingthatthesupplyqualitycolorofourendwasbadandcouldntbeused.Theyrequestedtoreturnallthegarmentssewnandmakeanotherdeliveryofthesamequalityandquantityasbeingstipulatedinthecontract.Question:So,howshouldwereply?Why?,.,AnswerWehavenothingtodowiththecaseandshallrefusecompensation.Reasonsare:(1)Thecontractorhasdeliveredthecottontotheclothesvendorsandthatmeansanacceptanceofourgoods.Whoeverhasacceptedthegoods,thebuyerhaslosttherightofreturnandrequirementsofthereplacementgoods.(2)Article82oftheUnitedNationsConventiononContractsoftheInternationalSalesofGoodsstipulates:ifthebuyercannotreturnthegoodsthatisaccordingtotheactualreceipt,helosttherightofreturnandrequirementsofthereplacementgoods.,.,BritishMooreCompanywiththeconditionofCIF,boughtfromLanTuocompany300casesofcannedfruitinAustralia.Thecontractwithaprovision