GMAT作文黄金80题范文

分享GMAT作文黄金80题范文GMAT作文黄金80题范文一ANALYSISOFISSUEQUESTIONS2“ITISUNREALISTICTOEXPECTINDIVIDUALNATIONSTOMAKE,INDEPENDENTLY,THESACRIFICESNECESSARYTOCONSERVEENERGYINTERNATIONALLEADERSHIPANDWORLDWIDECOOPERATIONAREESSENTIALIFWEEXPECTTOPROTECTTHEWORLDSENERGYRESOURCESFORFUTUREGENERATIONS”THESPEAKERASSERTSTHATANINTERNATIONALEFFORTISNEEDEDTOPRESERVETHEWORLDSENERGYRESOURCESFORFUTUREGENERATIONSWHILEINDIVIDUALNATIONS,LIKEPEOPLE,AREATTIMESWILLINGTOMAKEVOLUNTARYSACRIFICESFORTHEBENEFITOFOTHERS,MYVIEWISTHATINTERNATIONALCOORDINATIONISNEVERTHELESSNECESSARYINLIGHTOFTHESTRONGPROPENSITYOFNATIONSTOACTSELFISHLY,ANDBECAUSETHEPROBLEMISINTERNATIONALINSCOPETHEMAINREASONWHYANINTERNATIONALEFFORTISNECESSARYISTHAT,LEFTTOTHEIROWNDEVICES,INDIVIDUALNATIONS,LIKEPEOPLE,WILLACTACCORDINGTOTHEIRSHORTTERMMOTIVESANDSELFINTERESTTHEMEREEXISTENCEOFMILITARYWEAPONSINDICATESTHATSELFINTERESTANDNATIONALSURVIVALAREEVERYNATIONSPRIMEDRIVERSANDEXCESSIVECONSUMPTIONBYINDUSTRIALIZEDNATIONSOFNATURALRESOURCESTHEYKNOWTOBEFINITE,WHENALTERNATIVESAREATHANDDEMONSTRATESTHATSELFINTERESTANDSHORTSIGHTEDNESSEXTENDTOTHEUSEOFENERGYRESOURCESASWELLFURTHERMORE,NATIONS,LIKEPEOPLE,TENDTORATIONALIZETHEIROWNSELFSERVINGPOLICIESANDACTIONSEMERGINGNATIONSMIGHTARGUE,FOREXAMPLE,THATTHEYSHOULDBEEXEMPTFROMENERGYCONSERVATIONBECAUSEITISTHEINDUSTRIALIZEDNATIONSWHOCANBETTERAFFORDTOMAKESACRIFICESANDWHOUSEMORERESOURCESINTHEFIRSTPLACEANOTHERREASONWHYANINTERNATIONALEFFORTISREQUIREDISTHATOTHERPROBLEMSOFANINTERNATIONALNATUREHAVEALSOREQUIREDGLOBALCOOPERATIONFOREXAMPLE,HASEACHNATIONINDEPENDENTLYRECOGNIZEDTHEFOLLYOFNUCLEARWEAPONSPROLIFERATIONANDVOLUNTARILYDISARMEDNOONLYBYWAYOFANINTERNATIONALEFFORT,BASEDLARGELYONCOERCIONOFSTRONGLEADERSAGAINSTDETRACTORS,ALONGWITHANAPPEALTOSELFINTEREST,HAVEWEMADESOMEPROGRESSBYTHESAMETOKEN,EFFORTSOFINDIVIDUALNATIONSTOTHWARTINTERNATIONALDRUGTRAFFICKINGHAVEPROVENLARGELYFUTILE,BECAUSEEFFORTSHAVENOTBEENINTERNATIONALLYBASEDSIMILARLY,THEPROBLEMOFENERGYCONSERVATIONTRANSCENDSNATIONALBORDERSINTHATEITHERALLNATIONSMUSTCOOPERATE,ORALLWILLULTIMATELYSUFFERINCONCLUSION,NATIONSAREMADEUPOFINDIVIDUALSWHO,WHENLEFTUNCONSTRAINED,TENDTOACTINTHEIROWNSELFINTERESTANDWITHSHORTTERMMOTIVESINLIGHTOFHOWWEHAVEDEALT,ORNOTDEALT,WITHOTHERGLOBALPROBLEMS,ITAPPEARSTHATANINTERNATIONALEFFORTISNEEDEDTOENSURETHEPRESERVATIONOFNATURALRESOURCESFORFUTUREGENERATIONS3“CORPORATIONSANDOTHERBUSINESSESSHOULDTRYTOELIMINATETHEMANYRANKSANDSALARYGRADESTHATCLASSIFYEMPLOYEESACCORDINGTOTHEIREXPERIENCEANDEXPERTISEAFLATORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTUREISMORELIKELYTOENCOURAGECOLLEGIALITYANDCOOPERATIONAMONGEMPLOYEES”WHICHISABETTERWAYTOCLASSIFYANDREWARDEMPLOYEESOFABUSINESSA“FLAT”ORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTUREORAHIERARCHICALSTRUCTURETHESPEAKERPREFERSA“FLAT”STRUCTUREINWHICHDISTINCTIONSBETWEENEMPLOYEESBASEDONEDUCATIONOREXPERIENCEARENOTUSEDASABASISFORMONETARYREWARDSISTRONGLYDISAGREEWITHTHESPEAKERSVIEW,FORTWOREASONSINTHEFIRSTPLACE,THESPEAKERSPREFERENCEFORA“FLAT”STRUCTUREISBASEDUPONTHECLAIMTHATCOOPERATIONANDCOLLEGIALITYAMONGEMPLOYEESISMORELIKELYUNDERTHISSYSTEMTHANUNDERAHIERARCHICALONEHOWEVER,THISCLAIMIGNORESOUREVERYDAYEXPERIENCEINHUMANINTERACTIONDISAGREEMENTSAMONGCOWORKERSAREINEVITABLEWITHOUTACLEARAUTHORITATIVEFIGURETORESOLVETHEMANDTOMAKEFINALDECISIONS,DISPUTESAREMORELIKELYTOGOUNRESOLVEDANDEVENWORSEN,THEREBYUNDERMININGCOOPERATION,CONGENIALITYAND,ULTIMATELY,PRODUCTIVITYANDPROFITINTHESECONDPLACE,WHETHERORNOTCOLLEGIALITYANDCOOPERATIONAREBESTFOSTEREDBYAFLATORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTUREISBESIDETHEPOINTMYMAINREASONFORREJECTINGANORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTURETHATDOESNOTDISTINGUISHWORKERSINTERMSOFTHEIRABILITIESOREXPERIENCEISTHATUNDERSUCHASYSTEMWORKERSHAVELITTLEINCENTIVETOIMPROVETHEIRSKILLS,ACCOMPLISHTHEIRWORKRELATEDGOALS,ORASSUMERESPONSIBILITYFORTHECOMPLETIONOFTHEIRASSIGNEDTASKSINMYEXPERIENCE,HUMANMOTIVATIONISSUCHTHATWITHOUTENTICEMENTSSUCHASMONEY,STATUSORRECOGNITION,FEWPEOPLEWOULDACCOMPLISHANYTHINGOFVALUEORASSUMERESPONSIBILITYFORANYTASKAFLATSYSTEMACTUALLYMIGHTPROVIDEADISTINCTDISINCENTIVEFORPRODUCTIVITYANDEFFICIENCYINSOFARASWORKERSARENOTHELDACCOUNTABLEFORTHEQUALITYORQUANTITYOFTHEIRWORKBYIGNORINGHUMANNATURE,THEN,ACOMPANYMAYBEHARMINGITSELFBYENCOURAGINGLAZINESSANDCOMPLACENCYINSUM,THESPEAKERSOPINIONTHATA“FLAT”ORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTUREISTHEBESTWAYTOPROMOTECOLLEGIALITYANDCOOPERATIONAMONGEMPLOYEESRUNSCOUNTERTOTHECOMMONSENSEABOUTHOWPEOPLEACTINAWORKENVIRONMENT,ANDINANYCASEPROVIDESAFEEBLERATIONALEFORTHEPREFERENCEOFONEORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTUREOVERANOTHER9“EMPLOYEESSHOULDKEEPTHEIRPRIVATELIVESANDPERSONALACTIVITIESASSEPARATEASPOSSIBLEFROMTHEWORKPLACE”SHOULDEMPLOYEESLEAVETHEIRPERSONALLIVESENTIRELYBEHINDTHEMWHENTHEYENTERTHEWORKPLACE,ASTHESPEAKERSUGGESTSHEREWHILEIAGREETHATEMPLOYEESSHOULDNOTALLOWTHEIRPERSONALLIVESTOINTERFEREWITHTHEIRJOBS,THESPEAKERFAILSTOCONSIDERTHATINTEGRATINGPERSONALLIFEWITHWORKCANFOSTERAWORKPLACEAMBIANCETHATHELPSEVERYONEDOABETTERJOB,THEREBYPROMOTINGSUCCESSFORTHEORGANIZATIONENGAGINGCOWORKERSINOCCASIONALCONVERSATIONABOUTPERSONALINTERESTSANDACTIVITIESCANHELPBUILDCOLLEGIALITYAMONGCOWORKERSTHATADDSTOTHEIRSENSEOFCOMMONPURPOSEONTHEJOBMANAGERSWOULDBEWELLADVISEDTOPARTICIPATEINANDPERHAPSEVENPLANTHESHARINGOFPERSONALINFORMATIONASALEADERSHIPTOOLASWELLASAMORALEBOOSTERANEMPLOYEEFEELSVALUEDWHENTHEBOSSTAKESTIMETOASKABOUTTHEEMPLOYEESFAMILYORRECENTVACATIONTHEEMPLOYEE,INTURN,ISLIKELYTOBEMORELOYALTOANDCOOPERATIVEWITHTHEBOSSCOMPANYSPONSOREDSOCIALEVENTSPICNICS,PARTIES,EXCURSIONS,ANDSOFORTHALSOHELPTOPRODUCEGREATERCOHESIVENESSINANORGANIZATION,BYPROVIDINGOPPORTUNITIESFOREMPLOYEESTOBONDWITHONEANOTHERINWAYSTHATTRANSLATEINTOBETTERWORKINGRELATIONSHIPSADMITTEDLY,EMPLOYEESSHOULDGUARDAGAINSTALLOWINGTHEIRPERSONALLIFETOIMPINGEUPONTHEIRJOBPERFORMANCEORINTRUDEONCOWORKERSEXCESSIVECHATTINGABOUTNONBUSINESSTOPICS,FREQUENTPERSONALTELEPHONECALLS,ANDTHELIKE,AREALWAYSDISTRACTINGANDROMANCESBETWEENCOWORKERSAREBESTKEPTCONFIDENTIAL,ATLEASTTOTHEEXTENTTHEYDISRUPTWORKORDEMORALIZEOROFFENDOTHEREMPLOYEESBYTHESAMETOKEN,HOWEVER,EMPLOYEESWHOARETOOALOOFSHARINGNOTHINGPERSONALWITHOTHERSMAYBERESENTEDBYCOWORKERSWHOPERCEIVETHEMASARROGANT,UNFRIENDLY,ORUNCOOPERATIVETHEILLWILLANDLACKOFCOMMUNICATIONTHATISLIKELYTORESULTMAYULTIMATELYHARMTHEORGANIZATIONINTHEFINALANALYSIS,EMPLOYEESSHOULDSTRIKEACAREFULBALANCEWHENTHEYMIXTHEIRPERSONALLIVESWITHTHEIRJOBSALTHOUGHTHEREARESOMECIRCUMSTANCESINWHICHBRINGINGONESPERSONALLIFETOTHEJOBMAYBECOUNTERPRODUCTIVE,FORMANYREASONSITISAGOODIDEATOINJECTSMALLDOSESOFPERSONALLIFEINTOTHEWORKPLACE11“WHENSOMEONEACHIEVESGREATNESSINANYFIELDSUCHASTHEARTS,SCIENCE,POLITICS,ORBUSINESSTHATPERSONSACHIEVEMENTSAREMOREIMPORTANTTHANANYOFHISORHERPERSONALFAULTS”PERHAPSINSOMEINSTANCESTHEPERSONALFAILINGSOFGREATACHIEVERSAREUNIMPORTANTRELATIVETOTHEACHIEVEMENTSINMANYCASES,HOWEVER,THERELATIVESIGNIFICANCEOFPERSONALFAILINGSCANBEVERYGREAT,DEPENDINGONTWOFACTORS1THEEXTENTTOWHICHTHEFAILINGISPARTOFTHEACHIEVEMENTPROCESSITSELF,AND2THESOCIETALIMPACTOFTHEACHIEVERSFAILINGAPARTFROMHISORHEROWNSUCCESSPERSONALFAILINGSANDACHIEVEMENTAREOFTENSYMBIOTICALLYRELATEDTHEFORMERTESTTHEWOULDBEACHIEVERSMETTLETHEYPOSECHALLENGESNECESSARYRESISTANCETHATDRIVESONETOACHIEVEDESPITETHESHORTCOMINGPERSONALFAILINGSMAYALSOCOMPELONETOFOCUSONONESSTRENGTHS,THEREBYSPAWNINGACHIEVEMENTFOREXAMPLE,POORACADEMICORJOBPERFORMANCEMAYPROPELAGIFTEDENTREPRENEURTOSTARTHISORHEROWNBUSINESSINTHEARTS,APERSONALFAILINGMAYBEANECESSARYINGREDIENTORINTEGRALPARTOFTHEPROCESSOFACHIEVINGARTISTSANDMUSICIANSOFTENPRODUCETHEIRMOSTCREATIVEWORKSDURINGPERIODSOFDEPRESSION,ADDICTION,OROTHERDISTRESSINBUSINESS,INSENSITIVITYTOTHE“HUMAN”COSTSOFSUCCESSHASBREDGRANDACHIEVEMENTS,ASWITHTHEQUESTIONABLELABORPRACTICESOFTHEGREATPHILANTHROPISTANDREWCARNEGIEASECONDTYPEOFPERSONALFAILINGISONETHATISUNRELATEDTOTHEACHIEVEMENTMODERNPOLITICSISREPLETEWITHEXAMPLESTHEMARITALINDISCRETIONSOFTHEGREATLEADERJOHNFKENNEDYANDTHEPARANOIAOFTHEGREATSTATESMANRICHARDNIXON,TONAMEJUSTTWOWERETHEPERSONALFAILINGSOFTHESETWOPRESIDENTSLESS“IMPORTANT”THANTHEIRACHIEVEMENTSINTHEFORMEREXAMPLE,PROBABLYSOINTHELATTEREXAMPLE,PROBABLYNOTSINCEITRESULTEDINTHEWATERGATESCANDALAWATERSHEDEVENTINAMERICANPOLITICSINCASESSUCHASTHESE,THEREFORE,THESOCIETALIMPACTOFSHORTCOMINGANDACHIEVEMENTMUSTBEWEIGHEDONACASEBYCASEBASISINSUM,HISTORYINFORMSUSTHATPERSONALFAILINGSAREOFTENPARTANDPARCELOFGREATACHIEVEMENTSEVENWHERETHEYARENOT,PERSONALSHORTCOMINGSOFGREATACHIEVERSOFTENMAKEANIMPORTANTSOCIETALIMPACTOFTHEIROWN12“EDUCATIONHASBECOMETHEMAINPROVIDEROFINDIVIDUALOPPORTUNITYINOURSOCIETYJUSTASPROPERTYANDMONEYONCEWERETHEKEYSTOSUCCESS,EDUCATIONHASNOWBECOMETHEELEMENTTHATMOSTENSURESSUCCESSINLIFE”WHICHFACTOROFFERSMOREOPPORTUNITIESFORSUCCESSINOURSOCIETYEDUCATIONORMONEYANDPROPERTYINMYVIEW,EDUCATIONHASREPLACEDMONEYANDPROPERTYASTHEMAINPROVIDEROFSUCHOPPORTUNITIESTODAYIBASEMYVIEWONTWOREASONSFIRST,EDUCATIONPARTICULARLYHIGHEREDUCATIONUSEDTOBEAVAILABLEONLYTOTHEWEALTHYBUTNOWISACCESSIBLETOALMOSTANYONESECOND,BECAUSEOFTHECIVILRIGHTSMOVEMENTANDRESULTINGLAWS,BUSINESSESARENOWREQUIREDTOHIREONTHEBASISOFMERITRATHERTHANTHEKINDSOFPERSONALCONNECTIONSTRADITIONALLYCOMMONAMONGTHEWEALTHYEDUCATIONPROBABLYALWAYSPLAYEDAKEYROLEINDETERMININGONESOPPORTUNITIESFORSUCCESSBUTINTHEPAST,GOODPOSTSECONDARYEDUCATIONWASAVAILABLEMAINLYTOTHEPRIVILEGEDCLASSESBECAUSEMONEYANDPROPERTYLARGELYDETERMINEDONESACCESSTOHIGHEREDUCATION,MONEYANDPROPERTYREALLYWERETHECRITICALFACTORSINOPENINGDOORSTOSUCCESSHOWEVER,HIGHEREDUCATIONISMOREEGALITARIANTODAYGIVENOURVASTNUMBERSOFSTATEUNIVERSITIESANDFINANCIALAIDPROGRAMS,VIRTUALLYANYONEWHOMEETSENTRANCEREQUIREMENTSFORCOLLEGECANOBTAINANEXCELLENTCOLLEGEEDUCATIONANDOPENUPWINDOWSOFOPPORTUNITYINLIFEANOTHERREASONTHOSEOPPORTUNITIESWILLBEOPENTOEDUCATEDYOUNGPEOPLEFROMMIDDLECLASSANDPOORERBACKGROUNDSISTHATHIRINGISMOREMERITOCRATICTODAYTHANEVERBEFOREINPRINCIPLE,ATLEAST,WEHAVEALWAYSBEENASOCIETYWHEREALLPEOPLEAREEQUALYETINTHEPAST,CHILDRENOFTHEWEALTHYANDTHEWELLCONNECTEDCOULDEXPECTTOOBTAINHIGHERSTATUSJOBSANDTORECEIVEBETTERPAYBUTTHELAWSANDPROGRAMSRESULTINGFROMOURCIVILRIGHTSSTRUGGLESHAVEPRODUCEDAMODERNBUSINESSCLIMATEINWHICHJOBSAREAVAILABLEONANEQUALOPPORTUNITYBASIS,ANDINWHICHCANDIDATESHAVEALEGALRIGHTTOBEJUDGEDONTHEMERITOFTHEIREDUCATIONALBACKGROUNDANDEXPERIENCEINCONCLUSION,EDUCATIONISPROBABLYTHEMAINFACTORINOPENINGDOORSTOSUCCESSFORYOUNGPEOPLEINOURSOCIETYTHEFACTTHATEDUCATIONHASSUPPLANTEDMONEYANDPROPERTYINTHISROLEISOWINGTOAMOREEGALITARIANSYSTEMOFHIGHEREDUCATION,ASWELLASTOMOREMERITBASEDHIRINGPRACTICESTHATGENERALLYVALUEINDIVIDUALEDUCATIONOVERFAMILYFORTUNEORCONNECTIONS13“RESPONSIBILITYFORPRESERVINGTHENATURALENVIRONMENTULTIMATELYBELONGSTOEACHINDIVIDUALPERSON,NOTTOGOVERNMENT”WHILENEARLYEVERYONEWOULDAGREEINPRINCIPLETHATCERTAINEFFORTSTOPRESERVETHENATURALENVIRONMENTAREINHUMANKINDSBESTINTEREST,ENVIRONMENTALISSUESALWAYSINVOLVEATUGOFWARAMONGCONFLICTINGPOLITICALANDECONOMICINTERESTSFORTHISREASON,ANDBECAUSESERIOUSENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMSAREGENERALLYLARGEINSCALE,GOVERNMENTPARTICIPATIONISNEEDEDTOENSUREENVIRONMENTALPRESERVATIONEXPERIENCETELLSUSTHATINDIVIDUALSANDPRIVATECORPORATIONSOWNEDBYINDIVIDUALSTENDTOACTONBEHALFOFTHEIROWNSHORTTERMECONOMICANDPOLITICALINTEREST,NOTONBEHALFOFTHEENVIRONMENTORTHEPUBLICATLARGEFOREXAMPLE,CURRENTTECHNOLOGYMAKESPOSSIBLETHECOMPLETEELIMINATIONOFPOLLUTINGEMISSIONSFROMAUTOMOBILESNEVERTHELESS,NEITHERAUTOMOBILEMANUFACTURERSNORCONSUMERSAREWILLINGORABLETOVOLUNTARILYMAKETHESHORTTERMSACRIFICESNECESSARYTOACCOMPLISHTHISGOALONLYTHEGOVERNMENTHOLDSTHEREGULATORYANDENFORCEMENTPOWERTOIMPOSETHENECESSARYSTANDARDSANDTOENSURETHATWEACHIEVESUCHGOALSASIDEFROMTHEPROBLEMSOFSELFINTERESTANDENFORCEMENT,ENVIRONMENTALISSUESINHERENTLYINVOLVEPUBLICHEALTHANDAREFARTOOPANDEMICINNATUREFORINDIVIDUALSTOSOLVEONTHEIROWNMANYOFTHEMOSTEGREGIOUSENVIRONMENTALVIOLATIONSTRAVERSESTATEANDSOMETIMESNATIONALBORDERSENVIRONMENTALHAZARDSAREAKINTOTHOSEINVOLVINGFOODANDDRUGSAFETYANDTOPROTECTINGBORDERSAGAINSTENEMIESINDIVIDUALSHAVENEITHERTHEPOWERNORTHERESOURCESTOADDRESSTHESEWIDESPREADHAZARDSINTHEFINALANALYSIS,ONLYTHEAUTHORITYANDSCOPEOFPOWERTHATAGOVERNMENTPOSSESSESCANENSURETHEATTAINMENTOFAGREEDUPONENVIRONMENTALGOALSBECAUSEINDIVIDUALSAREINCAPABLEOFASSUMINGTHISRESPONSIBILITY,GOVERNMENTMUSTDOSO16“PUBLICBUILDINGSREVEALMUCHABOUTTHEATTITUDESANDVALUESOFTHESOCIETYTHATBUILDSTHEMTODAYSNEWSCHOOLS,COURTHOUSES,AIRPORTS,ANDLIBRARIES,FOREXAMPLE,REFLECTTHEATTITUDESANDVALUESOFTODAYSSOCIETY”THEEXTENTTOWHICHNEWPUBLICBUILDINGSREFLECTSOCIETALVALUESANDATTITUDESDEPENDSONWHETHERONECONSIDERSABUILDINGSINTENDEDFUNCTIONORITSDESIGNINTHEFORMERSENSE,NEWPUBLICBUILDINGSDOMIRRORSOCIETY,WHILEINTHELATTERSENSETHEYDONOTTHEINTENDEDUSESOFNEWPUBLICBUILDINGSSAYSOMETHINGABOUTOURPRIORITIESANDVALUESASASOCIETYFOREXAMPLE,PROLIFERATIONOFPUBLICCULTURALCENTERSANDSCHOOLSREFLECTSASOCIETALCONCERNFORTHEARTSANDEDUCATION,RESPECTIVELY,WHILENEWPRISONCONSTRUCTIONINDICATESAHEIGHTENEDCONCERNFORSAFETYANDSECURITYTHEDESIGNOFNEWPUBLICBUILDINGS,HOWEVER,FAILSTOMIRRORSOCIETY,FORTWOREASONSFIRST,MODERNDEMOCRATICSTATESDONOTHAVETHELUXURYOFMAKINGCULTURAL“STATEMENTS”ATANYEXPENSEFUNCTIONALITYANDFISCALACCOUNTABILITYDICTATETHEFACEOFPUBLICARCHITECTURETODAYSECOND,PUBLICPARTICIPATIONINTHEPROCESSISLIMITEDNEWBUILDINGSTYPICALLYREFLECTTHEARCHITECTSECCENTRICVISIONORTHEPREFERENCEOFAFEWPUBLICOFFICIALS,NOTTHEPOPULACESVALUESANDATTITUDESINENGLAND,FOREXAMPLE,PRINCECHARLESOVERSEESANDAPPROVESTHEDESIGNOFNEWPUBLICBUILDINGSTHERESULTINGCONVENTIONALDESIGNSSUGGESTHISUNWILLINGNESSTOBREAKFROMTRADITIONYETITWOULDSEEMUNFAIRTOASSIGNHISLACKOFVISIONTOENGLISHSOCIETYINDENVER,THECONTROVERSIALDESIGNOFANEWAIRPORTMETWITHPUBLICOUTCRYFORITSAPPEARANCE,EXPENSE,ANDLACKOFFUNCTIONALITYDOESTHEAIRPORTREFLECTTHEVALUESOFDENVERSDENIZENSPROBABLYNOTINCONCLUSION,WHILEMODERNPUBLICBUILDINGSSEEMTOREFLECTTHEVALUESANDATTITUDESOFASOCIETYINTHEIRFUNCTION,THEYDONOTNECESSARILYDOSOINTHEIRDESIGN18“IFTHEPRIMARYDUTYANDCONCERNOFACORPORATIONISTOMAKEMONEY,THENCONFLICTISINEVITABLEWHENTHECORPORATIONMUSTALSOACKNOWLEDGEADUTYTOSERVESOCIETY”WETAKEFORGRANTEDTHATAPRIMARYOBJECTIVEANDOBLIGATIONOFACORPORATIONISTOMAXIMIZEPROFITSBUTDOESTHISMEANACORPORATIONCANNOTALSOFULFILLITSOBLIGATIONSTOSOCIETYTHESPEAKERCLAIMSTHATTHETWODUTIESNECESSARILYCONFLICTINMYVIEW,HOWEVER,ACORPORATIONSDUTIESTOMAXIMIZESHAREHOLDERWEALTHANDTOSERVESOCIETYWILLATTIMESCOINCIDEANDATTIMESCONFLICTANDWHENTHEYDOCONFLICT,NEITHERTAKESAUTOMATICPRECEDENCEOVERTHEOTHERBEYONDTHEOBVIOUSDUTYTOMAXIMIZESHAREHOLDERWEALTH,CORPORATIONSINDEEDOWEADUTYTOSERVESOCIETY,ESPECIALLYTHEIMMEDIATECOMMUNITY,WHICHPERMITSCORPORATIONSTOOPERATEINEXCHANGEFORANIMPLICITPROMISETHATTHECORPORATIONSWILLDONOHARMANDWILLBRINGSOMEBENEFITTOTHECOMMUNITYTHESEDUTIESCANOFTENBEFULFILLEDTOGETHERFOREXAMPLE,ASUCCESSFULCORPORATIONBRINGSJOBSANDRELATEDECONOMICBENEFITTOTHECOMMUNITYAND,BYCONTRIBUTINGTOCOMMUNITYACTIVITIESANDCHANGESINOTHERWAYS,THECORPORATIONGAINSAREPUTATIONFORSOCIALRESPONSIBILITYTHATOFTENHELPSITBECOMEEVENMORESUCCESSFULHOWEVER,ATTIMESTHESEDUTIESDOCONFLICTCONSIDER,FORINSTANCE,ACOMPANYTHATUNKNOWINGLYLEAKSINTOTHEGROUNDATOXICSUBSTANCETHATTHREATENSTOCONTAMINATELOCALGROUNDWATERWHILETHECOMPANYMAYFAVORANINEXPENSIVECONTAINMENTPROGRAM,COMMUNITYLEADERSMAYWANTTHECOMPANYTOGOFURTHERBYCLEANINGUPANDRESTORINGTHEIRENVIRONMENTEVENIFTHEEXPENSEWILLFORCETHECOMPANYTOLEAVEANDTAKEJOBSFROMTHECOMMUNITYWHATEVERTHECOMPANYDECIDES,ITSHOULDNOTASSUMETHATPROTECTINGPROFITSAUTOMATICALLYOUTWEIGHSSOCIALOBLIGATIONINMANYINSTANCESITDOESNOT,ASHIGHLYVISIBLETOBACCO,AUTOMOBILESAFETY,ANDASBESTOSLIABILITYCASESAPTLYILLUSTRATESUCHEXAMPLESREVEALALIMITASTOHOWFARACORPORATIONCANETHICALLYGOINTRADINGOFFTHEWELLBEINGOFTHECOMMUNITYFORTHESAKEOFITSOWNPROFITSINSUM,CORPORATIONSHAVEDUTIESBOTHTODOWELLANDTODOGOODALTHOUGHCONFLICTBETWEENTHESEDUTIESISNOTINEVITABLE,ITDOESOCCURDETERMININGWHICHDUTYTAKESPRECEDENCEINTIMEOFCONFLICTREQUIRESCAREFULCONSIDERATIONOFALLTHEETHICALRAMIFICATIONSOFEACHALTERNATIVE21“JOBSECURITYANDSALARYSHOULDBEBASEDONEMPLOYEEPERFORMANCE,NOTONYEARSOFSERVICEREWARDINGEMPLOYEESPRIMARILYFORYEARSOFSERVICEDISCOURAGESPEOPLEFROMMAINTAININGCONSISTENTLYHIGHLEVELSOFPRODUCTIVITY”ACCORDINGTOTHESTATEMENT,INORDERTOENSUREHIGHPRODUCTIVITY,COMPANIESSHOULDBASETHEIREMPLOYEESSALARIESANDJOBSECURITYSOLELYONJOBPERFORMANCE,ANDNOTONLENGTHOFSERVICETOTHECOMPANYIAGREETHATSALARYINCREASESANDJOBSECURITYAREPOWERFULINCENTIVESTOHIGHACHIEVEMENTANDSHOULDGENERALLYGOTOTHOSEWHODOTHEBESTWORKHOWEVER,TOENSUREEMPLOYEEPRODUCTIVITY,COMPANIESMUSTALSOREWARDTENUREDEMPLOYEESWITHCOSTOFLIVINGRAISESTHOUGHNOTWITHJOBSECURITYONTHEONEHAND,REWARDINGAVERAGEJOBPERFORMANCEWITHLARGEPAYINCREASESORPROMISESOFJOBSECURITYISAWASTEOFRESOURCESFORTWOREASONSFIRST,COMPLACENTEMPLOYEESWILLSEENOREASONTOBECOMEMOREPRODUCTIVESECONDLY,THOSENORMALLYINCLINEDTOHIGHACHIEVEMENTMAYDECIDETHEEFFORTISNTWORTHWHILEWHENMEDIOCREEFFORTSAREAMPLYCOMPENSATEDCOMPANIESSHOULD,THEREFORE,ADJUSTTHEIRPAYSCHEDULESSOTHATTHELARGESTSALARIESGOTOTHEMOSTPRODUCTIVEEMPLOYEESONTHEOTHERHAND,EMPLOYEESWHOPERFORMTHEIRJOBSSATISFACTORILYSHOULDBEGIVENREGULAR,THOUGHSMALL,SERVICEBASEDPAYINCREASESALSOFORTWOREASONSFIRST,THECOSTOFLIVINGISSTEADILYRISING,SOONTHEPRINCIPLEOFFAIRCOMPENSATIONALONE,ITISUNJUSTTOCONDEMNLOYALEMPLOYEESTODEFACTOSALARYREDUCTIONSBYREFUSINGTHEMCOSTOFLIVINGRAISESSECONDLY,FAILURETOADJUSTSALARIESTOREFLECTTHECOSTOFLIVINGMAYBECOUNTERPRODUCTIVEFORTHEFIRM,WHICHWILLHAVEDIFFICULTYATTRACTINGANDRETAININGGOODEMPLOYEESWITHOUTSUCHAPOLICYINTHEFINALANALYSIS,THESTATEMENTCORRECTLYIDENTIFIESJOBPERFORMANCEASTHESINGLEBESTCRITERIONFORSALARYANDJOBSECURITYHOWEVER,THESTATEMENTGOESTOOFARITIGNORESTHEFACTTHATACOSTOFLIVINGSALARYINCREASEFORTENUREDEMPLOYEESNOTONLYENHANCESLOYALTYAND,INTHEEND,PRODUCTIVITY,BUTALSOISREQUIREDBYFAIRNESS24“APOWERFULBUSINESSLEADERHASFARMOREOPPORTUNITYTOINFLUENCETHECOURSEOFACOMMUNITYORANATIONTHANDOESANYGOVERNMENTOFFICIAL”HISTORICALEXAMPLESOFBOTHINFLUENTIALPUBLICOFFICIALSANDINFLUENTIALBUSINESSLEADERSABOUNDHOWEVER,THEPOWEROFTHEMODERNERABUSINESSLEADERISQUITEDIFFERENTFROMTHATOFTHEGOVERNMENTOFFICIALONBALANCE,THECEOSEEMSTOBEBETTERPOSITIONEDTOINFLUENCETHECOURSEOFCOMMUNITYANDOFNATIONSADMITTEDLYTHEOPPORTUNITIESFORTHELEGISLATORTOREGULATECOMMERCEOROFTHEJURISTTODICTATERULESOFEQUITYAREOFFICIALANDIMMEDIATENOPRIVATEINDIVIDUALCANHOLDTHATBRANDOFINFLUENCEYETOFFICIALPOWERISTEMPEREDBYOURCHECKANDBALANCESYSTEMOFGOVERNMENTAND,INTHECASEOFLEGISLATORS,BYTHEVOTINGPOWEROFTHEELECTORATEOURBUSINESSLEADERSARENOTSOCONSTRAINED,SO,THEIROPPORTUNITIESFAREXCEEDTHOSEOFANYPUBLICOFFICIALMOREOVER,POWERFULBUSINESSLEADERSALLTOOOFTENSEEMTOHOLDDEFACTOLEGISLATIVEANDJUDICIALPOWERBYWAYOFTHEIRDIR