高考英语总复习构词法(30张)ppt课件

.,Grammar,构词法(一)(WordFormation),高考英语语法总复习,.,Ifyoumeetthenewwordswhilereading,whatwillyoudo?,Itsnotalwaysnecessarytounderstandthemeaningofeveryword,justgoonreading!,Guessthemeaning!,How?,.,Whenwedealwiththeproblemsinreadingcomprehension,wecanuseWordFormationtohelpus,butthecontext(上下文，语境)isalsoveryimportant.,.,根据构词法猜词,1.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonestperson.2.Whenthelittleboyfinished,hisfatherwasspeechless.3.Abad-lookingpickpocketstolemywallet.,首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律,其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-,im-,mis-,-less,-ness等。,dis+honest不诚实的,speech+less说不出话的,pick+pocket扒手,.,派生法（Derivation）,合成法(Compounding),转化法（Conversion）,缩略法（Abbreviation）,.,合成词Compound,pain-killer,止痛药,.,color-blind,色盲,.,sleep-walk,梦游,sleep-walker,.,一、合成法（Compounding）,highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted,把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。,.,合成词汇展厅,一.合成名词seafoodgreenhouse二.合成动词overcomewhitewash三.合成形容词snow-whiteman-made四.合成副词however;anyway五.合成代词something;everything六.合成介词withininside,.,fire+fighter=firefighter,friend+ship=friendship,passer+by=passer-by,well+known=well-known,sea+side=seaside,Makecompoundwordsafterthemodels.A:passer,well,sea,fire,friend,B:side,fighter,ship,by,known,Model:part+time=part-time,PracticeI,.,二、转化法（Conversion）：指一个词不变词形，而由一种词类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。,Ithasagoodtaste.,Ittastesverygood.,hand,n.手,v.递送,.Wealwayswalkhandinhand,Pleasehandmethebook.,.,转化法例释,.,三、派生法Derivation指在词根上加上前、后缀构成另一个与原意略有变化或截然相反的词,派生法,前缀,后缀,名词后缀,形容词后缀,副词后缀,动词后缀,否定前缀,其他前缀,.,加前缀：happy-_happy加后缀：develop-develop_既加前缀又加后缀：employ-_employ_注意:派生词的前缀一般只改变词义,不改变词类;后缀一般只改变词类,不引起词义变化.,un,ment,un,ment,派生词（derivation）,.,Isitdifficultforyoutogetupinthemorning?Doyousometimesoversleep?,1.over-:toomuch,overwork,overeat,abovesth;across,overcoat,overhead,Someimportantprefixes:,Thetrainsare_onFridayevenings.(crowded),overcrowded,.,Heenlargedhisvocabularybyreadingwidely.,2.en-动词前缀,enable,endanger,Readingcan_yourlife.(rich),enrich,.,常见的否定前缀,中学英语课本中有许多单词带有否定前缀，如果能理解这些否定前缀的含义，使用和记忆单词是很有帮助的。否定前缀加在一个词的前面就完全改变或否定了这个词的原来意义。,.,Someimportantsuffixes:,-ment,-ion,-ness,-tion,-ful,-able,-less,-en等,sharpenapencil,strengthen,brighten,.,PracticeIIGuessthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords1.Manycountriesimportmostoftheoiltheyuse.2.Hestudiedbiophysicsatcollege.3.Itisveryimportanttolearnhowtocooperatewithothers.4.Allyourluggagewillbetransportedtothedestinationbytrain.5.Mycousinhasanexcellentvoice.Herdreamistobecomeasuperstar.,进口,生物物理学,合作,运输,明星,.,四、缩略法（Abbreviation）,DVVIPSOSWWW,DigitalVideo,VeryImportantPerson,SaveOurShip,WorldWideWeb,.,PracticeMakesPerfect!,rain(形容词)_agree(反义)_nation(形容词)_farm(人)_recent(副词)_friend(形容词)_hope(形容词)_back(形容词)_visit(名词)_home(形容词)_eight(序数词)_true(名词)_America(形容词)_China(形容词)_,按括号内的要求改写下列单词,rainy,national,recently,hopeful,visitor,eighth,American,disagree,farmer,friendly,backwards,homeless,truth,Chinese,.,请做下列高考真题。1.(2013)Thatwouldbeavery_(reason)thingtodoinabigcity.思路点拨：reasonable在名词前作定语要用形容词。,真题再练,.,2.(2013)Butsuchasmallthingcouldnt_(possible)destroyavillage.思路点拨：possibly修饰谓语动词destroy作状语，用副词。注意：以-ble接尾的形容词，其副词形式通常是将ble改为bly。,.,3.(2012)ForsomereasonhesatbesideMary.Maryfelt_(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasnther思路点拨：pleased在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，表示“高兴的”。,.,4.(2016)Wedranktogetherandtalked_(merry)tillfarintothenight.思路点拨：merrily修饰动词talked作状语，用副词。,.,5.(2015)Hemustbe_(mental)disabled.思路点拨：mentally修饰分词形容词作状语，用副词。6.(2014)Histeachertookadeepdrink，smiled_(warm)，andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.思路点拨：warmly修饰动词smiled作状语，用副词形式。,.,1.Writeouttheoriginalwords.,unchangeableadj._dislikev._impossibilityn._unfriendlyadj._overworkv._misunderstandingn._athleticadj._misreadv._translatorn._,change,like,possible,friend,look,understand,athlete,read,translate,Homework:,.,2.给下列单词加上前缀dis-,un-,in-或im-,构成意思相反的词。1.agree_plete_3.healthy_4.important_5.able_