全新版英语3概要.ppt

2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,1,UnitTwo,Civil-RightsHeroes,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,2,Structure,S1:Para.2.Ironically,thatcharacterhascometosymbolizeeverythingHensonwasnot.S2:Para.7.(Ashewas)Determinedtolivefreesomeday,hemanagedtogettrainedinironmolding.,Back,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,3,BeautifulExpressions,1.加拿大平原上轻风微拂2.上帝要所有人生来平等.3.一个有原则的人4.历史遗迹5.地下铁路的英雄们依然默默无闻,他们的业绩依然少人颂扬.6.急忙跑开去报告7.在他的有生之年8.黑人去当乘务员常常是由于本人痛苦的经历,而那些白人则往往是受了宗教信仰的感召.9.人们传说10.得到庇护11.庇护逃亡者12.在夜色的掩护下13.广阔的未经开垦的土地14.冒着巨大的风险,1.AgentlebreezeswepttheCanadianplains.2.TheCreatorintendedallmentobecreatedequal.3.amanofprinciple4.historicsite5.TheheroesoftheUndergroundRailroadremaintoolittleremembered,theirexploitsstilllargelyunsung.6.raceofftospreadthenews7.overthecourseofhislife8.Whileblackconductorswereoftenmotivatedbytheirownpainfulexperiences,whiteswerecommonlydrivenbyreligiousconvictions.9.Wordspreadthat10.findrefugeat11.shelterfugitives12.undercoverofnight13.thevastvirginland14.athugerisk,Back,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,4,Recitation,Recitation1.Learnthebeautifulexpressionsbyheart.2.LearnParagraphs4-5byheart.,Back,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,5,Quotations,1.Givemeliberty,orgivemedeath.不自由，毋宁死。2.Anewbreezeisblowingandanationrefreshedbyfreedomstandsreadytopushon:thereisnewgroundtobebroken,andnewactiontobetaken.GeorgeBush,Americanpresident一阵新风正在吹来为自由激励的民族随时准备前进：开拓新的道路，采取新的行动。美国总统G.布什3.Amaniseitherfreeorheisnot.Therecannotbeanyapprenticeshipforfreedom.I.A.Baraka,Frenchwriter人要么是自由的，要么是不自由的，从来就不存在过渡阶段。法国作家I.A.巴拉卡,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,6,BackgroundInformation,MapReadingFreedomandRightsTheAmericanCivilRightsMovement,Back,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,7,MapReading,Readthefollowingthreemapsandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Findthefollowingstates:Alabama,Arkansas,Florida,Georgia,Louisiana,Mississippi,NorthCarolina,SouthCarolina,Tennessee,Texas,Virginia.Whichpartdothesestatesbelongto,theNorthernStatesortheSouthernStates?2.Whichstatesaremostdenselypopulatedwithslaves?3.Wheredidmostslaveswanttogo?,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,8,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,9,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,10,Back,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,11,FreedomandRights,Freedomoftheindividualisconsideredoneoftheessentialfeaturesofwesterncivilization,whichisitselfsometimescalledtheFreeWorld.Thisfreedomisoftenexpressedintermsofrightstodocertainthingsortobetreatedinaparticularway.InBritainandtheUSthemostbasicrightsincludefreedomofexpression(=freedomtosayorwriteanything),freedomofchoice(=freedomtomakedecisionsaboutyourownlife)andfreedomofworship(=freedomtopracticeanyreligion).,Back,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,12,AmericanCivilRightsMovement,theAmericanCivilRightsMovement(intheUS)thenationalcampaignbyAfrican-Americansforequalrights,especiallyinthe1950sand1960s.Thecampaignincludedboycotts(=refusalstobuyparticularproducts),theactionsoffreedomriders,andin1963amarchtoWashingtonledbyMartinLutherKing.Itsucceededincausingtheintroductionofbussingandaffirmativeaction.TheCivilRightsActof1964andtheVotingRightsActof1965werealsointroducedasaresultofthecivilrightsmovement,whichhashelpedtochangetheattitudesofmanywhiteAmericans.,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,13,TimelineofSlavery,1619SlavesinVirginiaAfricansbroughttoJamestownarethefirstslavesimportedintoBritainsNorthAmericancolonies.1705SlavesasPropertyDescribingslavesasrealestate,Virginialawmakersallowedownerstobequeaththeirslaves.Thesamelawallowedmastersto“killanddestroy”runaways.1775AmericanRevolutionBeganBattlesattheMassachusettstownsofLexingtonandConcordonApril19sparkedthewarforAmericanindependencefromBritain.1776DeclarationofIndependenceTheContinentalCongressasserted“thattheseUnitedColoniesare,andofRightoughttobeFreeandIndependentStates”.,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,14,TimelineofSlavery,1783AmericanRevolutionEndedBritainandtheinfantUnitedStatessignedthePeaceofParistreaty.1808UnitedStatesBannedSlaveTradeImportingAfricanslaveswasoutlawed,butsmugglingcontinued.1860AbrahamLincolnElectedAbrahamLincolnofIllinoisbecamethefirstRepublicantowintheUnitedStatesPresidency.18611865UnitedStatesCivilWarFouryearsofbrutalconflictclaimed623,000lives.1863TheEmancipationProclamationPresidentAbrahamLincolndecreedthatallslavesinrebelterritorywerefreeonJanuary1,1863.1865SlaveryAbolishedThe13thAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitutionoutlawedslavery.,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,15,AmericanCivilRightsMovement,1954年5月17日，美国最高法院为改变美国在国际上的形象，就布朗控诉托布卡教育委员会一案作出判决：公立学校所实行的种族隔离教育是不平等的，违反美利坚合众国宪法第14条修正案。1955年12月1日，亚拉巴马州蒙哥马利城黑人罗莎帕克斯夫人在公共汽车上拒绝让座给白人，被捕入狱。在青年黑人牧师马丁路德金的领导下，全城5万黑人团结一致，罢乘公共汽车达一年之久，终于迫使汽车公司取消种族隔离制。1957年，金牧师及其支持者组成南方基督教领袖会议，将运动深入到南部生活的各个领域。1958年南方21个主要城市组织集会，发动黑人争取公民权利。1960年2月1日，北卡罗来纳州格林斯伯勒城4个黑人大学生进入一餐馆，白人服务员命令他们走开，他们静坐不动。这一英勇行为立刻得到南部广大黑人学生响应，发展为大规模静坐运动，迫使近200个城市的餐馆取消隔离制。1961年5月初，种族平等大会又开展自由乘客运动。不久，在学生非暴力协调委员会参与下，得到许多白人支持，逐渐发展为全国性运动，迫使南部诸州取消州际公共汽车乘坐上的种族隔离制。,Back,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,16,TextOrganization,PartOneParas1-5(_)Itshightimeto_theheroeswhohelp_slavesby_the_intheearly_strugglesinAmerica.PartTwoParas6-23(Citing_)Bycitingexamplestheauthorpraisesthe_ofcivil-rightsheroeswhohelped_traveltheUndergroundRailroadto_.,Introduction,honor,liberate,forging,UndergroundRailroad,civil-rights,3examples,exploits,slaves,freedom/liberty,Back,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,17,TextOrganization,StoryOne(Paras6-10)Afterwinninghisownfreedomfrom_,JohnParkerhelpedother_toescapenorthtoCanadatoget_.StoryTwo(Paras11-15)Supportedbyastrong_,the_manLeviCoffinhelped_toescapeathuge_.StoryThree(Para16-23)BytravelingtheUndergroundRailroad,JosiahHensonreachedhis_andbecamefreeatlast.,Back,slavery,slaves,freedom,religiousconviction,white,blackslaves,risk,destination,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,18,TextATheFreedomGivers,Part1Part2,Back,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,19,DetailedLearningofPart1,CulturalKnowledge,1,ReadandComprehend,2,WordsandPhrases,3,DifficultSentences,4,MainIdeaofPartI,5,Back,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,20,CulturalKnowledge,UndergroundRailroadUncleTomsCabinChristian(Christianity),Back,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,21,UndergroundRailroad,TheUndergroundRailroadwasnotunderground.Becauseescapingslavesandthepeoplewhohelpedthemweretechnicallybreakingthelaw,theyhadtostayoutofsight.Theywent“underground”intermsofconcealingtheiractions.Sometimestheyevenhidinunusualplaces.Manycleverandcreativeideashelpedslavesduringtheirescape.,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,22,UndergroundRailroad,RoutestoFreedomTheroutestheslavestraveledappearinthismap.Thetripis560miles(900kilometers)long.Astrong,luckyrunawaymighthavemadeittofreedomintwomonths.Forothers,especiallyinbadweather,thetrek(跋涉)mighthavelastedayear.,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,23,Back,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,24,UncleTomsCabin,UncleTomsCabin,writtenbyHarrietBeecherStowe,isoneofthemostfamousandpopularpiecesofCivilWarliterature.Drawnfromselectedpiecesofreallifeanecdotes,UncleTomsCabinwasabookthatdrewmanypeopleintothefightovertheinstitutionofslavery.Northernershailed(欢呼)thebook,whilesouthernslaveholdersabhorredit.,Back,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,25,KnowledgeofChristianity,Forhistoricalreasons,manyblackslavesbelievedinChristianity,likeUncleTominUncleTomsCabin.Therefore,inblackwritingstherearefrequentreferencestoChristianity.SometermsinthistextaremarkedlyChristian,likeMethodistMinister,Bible,Quaker.OthersrefertocharactersorplacesfromBiblicalstories,suchasMoseswholedtheJewishpeopleoutofslaveryinEgypt,orBethlehem,aholycityforChristians.,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,26,Christian(1),Quaker(贵格会教徒/公谊会教徒):anymemberoftheSocietyofFriends(公谊会),areligiousgroupestablishedinEnglandinthe1650sbyGeorgefox.TheywereoriginallycalledQuakersbecausememberswerethoughttobe“quake”orshakewithreligiousexcitement.QuakersworshipChristwithoutanyformalceremonyorfixedbeliefs,andtheirmeetingofteninvolvesilentthoughtorprayer.Theyarestronglyopposedtoviolenceandwar,andareactiveineducationandcharitywork.,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,27,Christian(2),Methodist:循道宗(卫斯理宗)信徒amemberoftheMethodistChurch,thelargestoftheProtestant(新教徒)FreeChurchesinBritainandtheUS.Itwasestablishedin1739byJohnWesleyaspartoftheChurchofEnglandbutitbecameseparatefromitin1795.ItwasintroducedintotheUSinthe18thcenturyandtodayhasover50millionmembersaroundtheworld.Itemphasizedtheimportanceofmoralissues,bothpersonalandsocial.,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,28,Christian(3),Moses(摩西)oneofthecharactersintheBible,wholedtheJewishpeopleoutoftheslaveryinEgyptandtothePromisedLand(福地，乐土).Bethlehem(伯利恒)afamousoldcityinPalestine(巴勒斯坦)andaholycity(圣地)forChristians.,Back,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,29,ReadandComprehend,1.WhydidBarbaraCarterspeakproudlyofhergreat-great-grandfather?2.HowhasJosiahHensonremainedknownbypeople?3.WhydidtheauthortraveltoHensonslasthome?4.WhatwastheUndergroundRailroad?Whoforgedit?5.WhydidtheauthorwanttotellthereadersthestoriesoftheheroesoftheUndergroundRailroad?,Back,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,30,WordsandPhrases,WordsforOverallUnderstandingWordswithHighUseFrequencyPhrases,plain(n.);cabin;long-suffering;sellout;,settlement;plain;confident;devotion;ironically;symbolize;historic;mission;forge;authorize;exploit;,1)asmalltwo-storyhouseafive-minutewalk;fiveminutesrideaneight-year-oldboy2)morethan:notjust,notonly;veryvery3)Itisabout/hightimetodosth.;Itishightimethat;4)standupfor5)beintent/keenon(doing)sth,Back,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,31,WordsandPhrases,plain:n.largeareaofflatland平原adj.simpleExample:Insteadofuniforms,heworeplainclothestoday.,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,32,WordsandPhrases,standup(forsb./sth.):speak,work,etc.infavourof;supportExample:Youhavetobepreparedtostandupforthethingsyoubelievein.,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,33,WordsandPhrases,historicvs.historicalhistoric:famousorimportantinhistoryhistorical:thatexistedinthepast;ofhistoryItisahistoric/historicalevent.Many_documentsweredestroyedwhenthelibrarywasbombed.Moremoneyisneededforthepreservationof_buildingsandmonuments.,historical,historic,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,34,WordsandPhrases,authorize:vt.giveapprovalorpermissionfor(sth.);giveauthoritytoExample:Thecentralgovernmentauthorized$200billiontoconstructnewdamstogeneratecheaphydro-electricpower.exploit:n.braveoradventurousdeedoraction(usu.pl.)Example:Mygrandfatherentertaineduswithstoriesofwartimeexploits.,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,35,WordsandPhrases,beintentondoingsth.:beeageranddeterminedtodosth.Example:Workingdayandnight,JanetseemsintentonbreakingtherecordintheGuinnessBookofRecords.,Back,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,36,DifficultSentencesinPart1,T1:Para1.Alongsidemewasaslenderwomaninablackdress,myguidebacktoatimewhenthesurroundingsettlementinDresden,Ontario,washometoaheroinAmericanhistory.译：站在我身边的是一位身材苗条的黑衣女子，她就是即将带我追溯过去的向导。那时，美国历史上的一位英雄曾生活在安大略省的德雷斯顿地区。,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,37,DifficultSentencesinPart1,T2:Para.2.ForJosiahHensonhaslivedonthroughthecharacterinAmericanfictionthathehelpedinspire:UncleTom,thelong-sufferingslaveinHarrietBeecherStowesUncleTomsCabin.译：因为乔赛亚亨森至今仍为人们所知是由于他所激发的创作灵感使得一个美国人物问世：汤姆叔叔，哈里特比彻斯托的小说汤姆叔叔的小屋中那个逆来顺受的黑奴。,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,38,S1:cometobe/dosomethingdosth.attheendofafairlylongprocessPara.2.Ironically,thatcharacterhascometosymbolizeeverythingHensonwasnot.Para.12.EventuallythreeprincipalroutesconvergedattheCoffinehouse,whichcametobetheGrandCentralTerminaloftheUndergroundRailroad.,Structure,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,39,DifficultSentencesinPart1,T3:Para.4.JosiahHensonisbutonenameonalonglistofcourageousmenandwomenwhotogetherforgedtheUndergroundRailroad,asecretwebofescaperoutesandsafehousesthattheyusedtoliberateslavesfromtheAmericanSouth.译：乔赛亚亨森只是一长串无所畏惧的男女名单中的一个名字，这些人共同创建了这条“地下铁路”-一个由逃亡路线和可靠的人家组成的用以解放美国南方黑奴的秘密网络。,Back,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,40,DetailedLearningofPart2,1,ReadandComprehend,2,WordsandPhrases,3,DifficultSentences,4,MainIdeaofPartII,Back,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,41,ReadandComprehend,Back,JohnParker,LeviCoffin,JosiahHenson,freeslave,white,slave,conductor,conductor,passenger,hisownpainfulexperiences,religiousconviction,tostruggleforhisownfreedom,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,42,WordsandPhrases,WordsforOverallUnderstandingWordswithHighUseFrequencyPhrases,mold;bundle;wagon;fugitive;magistrate;log;bonnet;,tense;peer;conductor;capture;spot;motivate;conviction;refuge;impose;lot(n.);flight;but,6)(makemoney)ontheside(bydoingsth.)7)closeinon/around8)arrangefortodo9)imposeon10)becakedwith11)undercoverofnight12)ononeoccasion13)disguiseoneself/sb.as;bedisguisedas;Thereisnodisguisingthefactthat.14)makethebestof15)compelsb.todo16)intheeyesof17)passfor/as,Back,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,43,WordsandPhrases,tensev./a.Examples:Hetensedhismusclesforthefight.Therewasatenseatmosphereintheofficeroom.peerat/into/through/outlookcloselyandcarefullyasifunabletoseeExamples:1)Hewaspeeringatthehandoutthatmadenosenseatall.2)Sometimesitisconsideredbadmannerstopeeratothers.,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,44,WordsandPhrases,ontheside:asanadditionaljoborsourceofincome;secretlyExample:Inordertoearnenoughmoneytosendhischildrentoschool,hemakesalittlemoneyonthesidebycleaningwindows.,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,45,WordsandPhrases,spotn.thespecificplacewheresomethinghappensExamples:Thecorrespondentreportedthenewsonthespot.Theexpertlikedtodoon-the-spotinvestigations.v.catchsightofIspottedhimimmediatelyinthecrowdduetohisfunnyclothes.,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,46,WordsandPhrases,closein(on/around)surround;comeneartoreadytoattackExample:HitlercommittedsuicideasSovietforceswereclosinginonBerlin.,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,47,WordsandPhrases,impose:v.1)placea(penalty,tax,etc.)officiallyonsb./sth.Examples:Thegovernmenthasmadeadecisiontoimposeafurthertaxonwinesandspirits.Thelocalgovernmenttriedtoimposefinesonthefactorieswhichpoureduntreatedwasteintotheriver.2)trytomakesb.accept(anopinionorabelief)Example:Iwouldntwanttoimposemyreligiousconvictionsonanyone.,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,48,WordsandPhrases,disguise:vt.givesb./sth.afalseappearancedisguisesb./oneselfasbedisguisedasThereisnodisguisingthefactthat-ThereisnodenyingthefactthatExample:Therewasnodisguisingthefactthatthegovernmenthadmoreorlessfooledthepeople.,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,49,WordsandPhrases,makethebestofacceptanunsatisfactorysituationcheerfullyandtrytomanageaswellasyoucanExample:Itishardtochangetheunfavorablesituation.Theonlythingwecoulddoistomakethebestofit.,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,50,WordsandPhrases,intheeyesoftoonesmindExample:Intheeyesofmanypeople,Johnissensibleandreliableman.,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,51,WordsandPhrases,passfor/asbeaccepted/treated/takenas;appearlikeExamples:Myyoungersisterwantstogoandseethefilm,butIdontthinkshewouldpassfor18.HespeaksAmericanEnglishwellenoughtopassforanAmerican.,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,52,WordsandPhrases,but;exceptfor;except(prep.);butforTheyallwenttothezoolastSunday_Tom.Theyall_TomwenttothezoolastSunday.Yourwritingisfairlygood_somespellingmistakes.Marycouldnthelp_laughingathisfunnyhairstyle.Youhavenoalternative_tosurrender._yourhelp,Iwouldnthaveachievedmygoal.,but/except,but,exceptfor,but,but,Butfor,Back,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,53,DifficultSentencesinPart2,S2:Para7.Determinedtolivefreesomeday,hemanagedtogettrainedinironmolding.Ashewasdeterminedtolivefreesomeday,hemanagedtolearnatradeofironmolding.译：他打定主意有朝一日要过自由的生活，便设法学会了铸铁这门手艺。,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,54,DifficultSentencesinPart2,AbsoluteStructureWehadtostayindoors,_.A.itisraining.B.itwasraining.C.rainingD.itraining.Weather_,wearegoingoutforapicnicintheCentralPark.A.permitsB.permittedC.beingpermittedD.permitting,D,D,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,55,DifficultSentencesinPart2,T4:Para7.Eventuallyhesavedenoughmoneyworkingatthistradeonthesidetobuyhisfreedom.Eventuallyhesaveenoughmoneyworkingatironmoldingasapart-timejobtobuyhisfreedom.译：后来他终于靠这门手艺攒够钱赎回了自由。,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,56,DifficultSentencesinPart2,T5:Para11.Whileblackconductorswereoftenmotivatedbytheirownpainfulexperiences,whiteswerecommonlydrivenbyreligiousconvictions.译：黑人去当乘务员常常是由于本人痛苦的经历,而那些白人则往往是受了宗教信仰的感召。,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,57,DifficultSentencesinPart2,T6:Para17.Makingthebestofhislot,Hensonworkeddiligentlyandrosefarinhisownersregard.Makingthebestofhisfate,Hensonworkedveryhardandsoongainedhisownersfavor/washighlyliked(favored)byhisowner.译：亨森非常认命，干活勤勉，深受主人器重。,Back,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,58,WritingAssignment,Somecollegestudentsthinktheyarenotgivenenoughlibertytodowhattheyreallyenjoy,someothersarguetheyaregivensomuchfreedomsothattheydontknowhowtoadvisedlycontrolit.Whatsyouropinion?(within30minutes;notlessthan120words)MyViewontheFreedomWeHave,Back,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,59,Vocabulary1.1)decades2)historic3)imposed4)religious5)slender6)web7)bade8)site9)ontheside10)authorized11)terminal12)makethebestof,Exercises,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,60,Vocabulary2.1)wentthrough2)stoodupfor3)laiddown4)takeon5)let(us)down6)drawon7)fallinto8)passfor,Exercises,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,61,3.1)TheEuropeansarefullyconfidentthattheAmericanswillnotbeabletojustifytheirmeasurestoprotectthestrugglingAmericansteelindustry.2)Clintonis,intheeyesofJoeKlein,staffwriteroftheNewYorkerandauthorofTheNatural,themosttalentedpoliticianofhisgenerationandthemostcompelling.3)Theresnotmuchyoucandoifpeoplearereallyintentondestroyingthemselveswithdrugs.4)Adifferentexperienceoftheworldcouldforgeacompletelydifferentapproachtolife.5)Itisourconvictionthatcloningofhumanbeingsisboundtocausemanyethicalandsocialproblemsinthelongrun.,Exercises,2020/5/4,UnitTwoTheFreedomGivers,62,4.1)Asfortheprotectionoftheseendangeredspecies,manycountriesdonotcompelfishermentoreportaccidentalcaptureofsmallcetaceans(鲸目动物)intheirnets,sosignificantcatchesmaygounnoticedforyears.Todeal