基于FPGA的出租车计价器设计

基于FPGA的出租车计价器设计草鱼摘要草鱼介绍了出租车计费器系统的组成及工作原理，鲤鱼简述了在EDA平台上用FPGA器件构成该数字系统的设计思想和实现过程。草鱼论述了计程模块，鲤鱼计费模块，鲤鱼计时模块，鲤鱼译码动态扫描模块等的设计方法与技巧。草鱼草鱼草鱼1引言草鱼随着EDA技术的高速发展，鲤鱼电子系统的设计技术发生了深刻的变化，鲤鱼大规模可编程逻辑器件CPLDFPGA的出现，鲤鱼给设计人员带来了诸多方便。草鱼利用它进行产品开发，鲤鱼不仅成本低、PORK周期短、PORK可靠性高，鲤鱼而且具有完全的知识产权。草鱼本文介绍了一个以ALTERA公司可编程逻辑芯片CYCLONE2系列的EP2C5T144C8的FPGA芯片为控制核心、PORK附加一定外围电路组成的出租车计费器系统。草鱼随着社会的不断进步，鲤鱼人们生活水平的不断提高，鲤鱼出租车逐渐成为人们日常生活不可缺少的交通工具。草鱼而计价器作为出租车的一个重要组成部分，鲤鱼关系着出租车司机和乘客双方利益，鲤鱼起着重要的作用，鲤鱼因而出租车计价器的发展非常迅猛。草鱼草鱼2出租车计费系统的实验任务及要求草鱼21技术要求草鱼（1）掌握较复杂逻辑的设计、PORK调试。草鱼草鱼（2）进一步掌握用VHDL语言设计数字逻辑电路。草鱼草鱼（3）掌握用MAXPULSII软件的原理图输入的设计方法。草鱼草鱼22功能要求草鱼基本功能PORK草鱼（1）按行驶里程收费，鲤鱼起步价为900元，鲤鱼并在车行3公里后再按3元/公里计算车费。草鱼草鱼（2）实现模拟功能PORK能模拟汽车启动、PORK停止。草鱼草鱼（3）设计动态扫描电路PORK将车费、PORK里程、PORK等待时间动态的显示出来。草鱼草鱼（4）用VHDL语言设计符合上述功能要求的出租车计费器，鲤鱼并用层次化设计方法设计该电路。草鱼草鱼（5）各计数器的计数状态用功能仿真的方法验证，鲤鱼并通过有关波形确认电路设计是否正确。草鱼草鱼附加功能PORK草鱼（1）增加了晚上计费功能和等待功能。草鱼晚上起步价为1200元，鲤鱼并在车行3公里后再按4元/公里计算车费。草鱼车白天停止超过三分钟后按1元/分钟计算，鲤鱼晚上超过3分钟按2元/分钟计算。草鱼草鱼（2）实现预置功能PORK能预置起步费、PORK每公里收费、PORK等待加费时间。草鱼草鱼（3）实现模拟功能PORK白天、PORK黑夜；PORK等待、PORK行驶状态。草鱼草鱼（4）设计超过三公里提醒功能。草鱼草鱼23本人任务草鱼本人负责软件部分。草鱼草鱼24任务书（附录一）草鱼3方案设计及原理框图草鱼31硬件方案设计及原理框图草鱼硬件系统组成框图草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼各模块的作用和组成PORK草鱼（1）开关模块草鱼该模块的作用是用于电路的输入的信号。草鱼草鱼主要有三个开关以及三个限流电阻,电源构成。草鱼草鱼（3）动态显示模块草鱼此模块由六个数码管和三个二极管所构成，鲤鱼17个200电阻起到限制电流的作用，鲤鱼使得流到数码管的电流适当，鲤鱼防止数码管中的电流过大，鲤鱼而使得数码管损坏。草鱼数码管将计费、PORK等FPGA模块动态显示电路开关电路待时间和里程动态的显示出来。草鱼草鱼32软件方案设计及原理框图草鱼321系统的顶层框图及方案设计PORK草鱼草鱼草鱼信号输入PORK各种控制信号经输入端给控制芯片。草鱼草鱼控制芯片PORK采用的有CPLD或者FPGA等。草鱼草鱼动态显示电路PORK采用的是数码管来实现功能的输出。草鱼草鱼322草鱼FPGA内部具体框图及方案设计PORK草鱼出租车的一般计费过程为PORK出租车载客后，鲤鱼启动计费器，鲤鱼整个系统开始运行，鲤鱼里程计数器从0开始计数，鲤鱼费用计数器从9开始计算；PORK出租车载客中途等待，鲤鱼等待时间计数器从0开始计数。草鱼最后根据行驶里程或停止等待的时间的计费标准计费。草鱼出租车到达目的地停止后，鲤鱼停止计费器，鲤鱼显示总费用。草鱼草鱼根据出租车计费器的工作过程，鲤鱼本系统采用分层次、PORK分模块的方式设计，鲤鱼其FPGA内部具体框图如下所示。草鱼草鱼车费计数模块车行驶状态译码模块输出控制模块里程计数模块草鱼各模块的功能PORK草鱼1由FPGA晶振电路产生50MHZ时钟信号并输入。草鱼草鱼2分频器PORK将时钟信号进行分频。草鱼草鱼3标志模块PORK将按钮产生的脉冲转化为一种标志信号。草鱼草鱼控制芯片信号输入动态显示模块分频器输入信号4计程模块PORK在等待信号未作用时，鲤鱼来一个时钟脉冲信号，鲤鱼里程值加1。草鱼该模块还包含一个路程计费标志的小模块，鲤鱼输出一个路程计费的信号。草鱼草鱼5）等待状态模块PORK等待信号作用时，鲤鱼该模块可以记录等待的时间，鲤鱼并产生等待计费的信号。草鱼草鱼6）车费计数模块PORK按行驶里程收费，鲤鱼分为白天和黑夜。草鱼白天收费标准PORK起步费为1200元，鲤鱼超过3公里按4元/公里，鲤鱼车暂停超过三分钟按2元/分钟计算。草鱼黑夜收费标准PORK起步费为1500元，鲤鱼超过3公里按5元/公里，鲤鱼车暂停超过三分钟按1元/分钟计算。草鱼草鱼7）输出控制模块PORK分时输出里程、PORK等待时间、PORK费用三个信号，鲤鱼实现动态显示功能。草鱼草鱼8）译码模块PORK实现将车费计数模块、PORK等待状态模块和里程计数模块输出的BCD码转换成七段码输出。草鱼草鱼4各单元模块设计，鲤鱼仿真结果及分析草鱼本系统采用层次化、PORK模块化的设计方法，鲤鱼设计顺序为自下向上。草鱼首先实现系统框图中的各子模块，鲤鱼然后由顶层模块调用各子模块来完成整个系统。草鱼草鱼41分频模块PORK草鱼411分频模块的框图草鱼CLK0FOUTPULSEINST5草鱼图311分频器的实体图草鱼此模块的功能是对总的时钟进行分频，鲤鱼总的时钟是50M。草鱼计数分频器使用五个这样基本的分频器（35分频）组合而成，鲤鱼控制模块分频器使用三个这样基本的分频器（35分频）组合而成。草鱼草鱼412分频模块的VHDL程序草鱼LIBRARY草鱼IEEEPORK草鱼USE草鱼IEEESTD_LOGIC_1164ALLPORK草鱼USE草鱼IEEESTD_LOGIC_UNSIGNEDALLPORK草鱼ENTITY草鱼PULSE草鱼IS草鱼草鱼草鱼PORTCLK0IN草鱼STD_LOGICPORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼FOUTOUT草鱼STD_LOGICPORK草鱼END草鱼PULSEPORK草鱼ARCHITECTURE草鱼ONE草鱼OF草鱼PULSE草鱼IS草鱼BEGIN草鱼草鱼PROCESSCLK0草鱼草鱼VARIABLE草鱼CNTSTD_LOGIC_VECTOR2草鱼DOWNTO草鱼0PORK草鱼草鱼VARIABLE草鱼FULL草鱼STD_LOGICPORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼BEGIN草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼IF草鱼CLK0EVENT草鱼AND草鱼CLK01草鱼THEN草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼IF草鱼CNT“100“草鱼THEN草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼CNT“000“草鱼PORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼FULL1PORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼ELSE草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼CNTCNT1PORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼FULL0PORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼END草鱼IFPORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼END草鱼IFPORK草鱼FOUT0草鱼OR草鱼Q03草鱼THEN草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼DDJFBZ0PORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼SOUTOTHERS0PORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼FOR草鱼I草鱼IN草鱼0草鱼TO草鱼1草鱼LOOP草鱼草鱼01的循环草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼SAI草鱼草鱼0草鱼PORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼IF草鱼SAI41草鱼OR草鱼SAI3草鱼DOWNTO草鱼09草鱼THEN草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼SBI草鱼草鱼SAI草鱼草鱼“00110“PORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼ELSE草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼SBI草鱼草鱼SAIPORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼END草鱼IFPORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼CII1草鱼草鱼SBI4PORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼SOUTI44草鱼DOWNTO草鱼I4SBIPORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼END草鱼LOOPPORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼RETURN草鱼SOUTPORK草鱼END草鱼FUNCTION草鱼BCD_ADD8PORK草鱼ENDPORK草鱼草鱼LIBRARY草鱼IEEEPORK草鱼USE草鱼IEEESTD_LOGIC_1164ALLPORK草鱼USE草鱼IEEESTD_LOGIC_UNSIGNEDALLPORK草鱼USE草鱼WORKPACKEXP1ALLPORK草鱼ENTITY草鱼JF草鱼IS草鱼草鱼PORT草鱼SSIN草鱼STD_LOGICPORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼开始/停止信号,低电平停止，鲤鱼高电平开始草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼DNIN草鱼STD_LOGICPORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼白天黑夜控制，鲤鱼高电平夜间，鲤鱼低电平白天草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼LCIN草鱼STD_LOGIC_VECTOR7草鱼DOWNTO草鱼0PORK草鱼草鱼路程草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼DDSJIN草鱼STD_LOGIC_VECTOR7草鱼DOWNTO草鱼0PORK草鱼等待时间草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼LCJFBZIN草鱼STD_LOGICPORK草鱼草鱼路程计费标志草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼DDJFBZIN草鱼STD_LOGICPORK草鱼草鱼草鱼等待计费标志，鲤鱼高电平时等待开始计费，鲤鱼低电平不计费草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼FYOUT草鱼STD_LOGIC_VECTOR7草鱼DOWNTO草鱼0PORK草鱼草鱼草鱼总费用草鱼END草鱼ENTITY草鱼JFPORK草鱼ARCHITECTURE草鱼ONE草鱼OF草鱼JF草鱼IS草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼BEGIN草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼讨论白天/黑夜PORK路程计费PORK等待计费PORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼PROCESSSS,DN,LC,DDSJ,DDJFBZ,LCJFBZ草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼VARIABLE草鱼FY1草鱼STD_LOGIC_VECTOR11草鱼DOWNTO草鱼0PORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼BEGIN草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼IF草鱼SS0草鱼THEN草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼FY1“000000000000“PORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼ELSIF草鱼DN0草鱼THEN草鱼草鱼草鱼白天时草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼IF草鱼LCJFBZ0草鱼THEN草鱼草鱼起始价草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼FY111草鱼DOWNTO草鱼4OTHERS0PORK草鱼草鱼9草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼FY13草鱼DOWNTO草鱼0“1001“PORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼ELSE草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼加收路程费草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼FY1BCD_ADD8LC,LCPORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼FY1BCD_ADD8FY1,LCPORK草鱼草鱼多一个脉冲加收3，鲤鱼则变成LC3草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼END草鱼IFPORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼ELSIF草鱼LCJFBZ0草鱼THEN草鱼草鱼起始价草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼FY111草鱼DOWNTO草鱼5OTHERS0PORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼FY14草鱼DOWNTO草鱼0“10010“PORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼12草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼ELSE草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼FY1BCD_ADD8LC,LCPORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼FY1BCD_ADD8FY1,LCPORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼FY1BCD_ADD8FY1,LCPORK草鱼草鱼草鱼每一个脉冲加收4，鲤鱼则变成LC4草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼END草鱼IFPORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼IF草鱼DN0草鱼THEN草鱼草鱼草鱼白天时草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼IF草鱼DDJFBZ0草鱼THEN草鱼草鱼未到等待收费时间草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼FY1FY1PORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼不加收草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼ELSE草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼加收路程费草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼FY1BCD_ADD8FY1,DDSJPORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼FY1BCD_ADD8FY1,DDSJPORK草鱼草鱼一超过等待收费时间，鲤鱼就立即加收等待时的每个脉冲加2草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼END草鱼IFPORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼ELSIF草鱼DDJFBZ0草鱼THEN草鱼草鱼未到等待收费时间草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼FY1FY1PORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼不加收草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼ELSE草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼加收路程费草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼FY1BCD_ADD8FY1,DDSJPORK草鱼草鱼一超过等待收费时间，鲤鱼就立即加收等待时的每个脉冲加1草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼END草鱼IFPORK草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼草鱼FYDOUT1DOUT1DOUT1DOUT1DOUT1DOUT1DOUT1DOUT1DOUT1DOUT1DOUT1DOUT0DOUT0DOUT0DOUT0DOUT0DOUT0DOUT0DOUT0DOUT0DOUT0DOUT0S2S2S2S2DN,BZAPORK草鱼U2BZ草鱼PORT草鱼MAPAJSS,BZBPORK草鱼U3BZ草鱼PORT草鱼MAPAJWR,BZCPORK草鱼U4PULSE草鱼PORT草鱼MAPCLK0CLK,FOUTDPORK草鱼U5PULSE草鱼PORT草鱼MAPCLK0D,FOUTIPORK草鱼U6PULSE草鱼PORT草鱼MAPCLK0I,FOUTJPORK草鱼U7PULSE草鱼PORT草鱼MAPCLK0J,FOUTMPORK草鱼U8PULSE草鱼PORT草鱼MAPCLK0M,FOUTNPORK草鱼U9JC草鱼PORT草鱼MAPCLKSN,SSB,WRC,LCZPORK草鱼U10DDZT草鱼PORT草鱼MAPCLKN,SSB,DDBZC,DDJFBZF,DDSJYPORK草鱼U11LCJFBZ草鱼PORT草鱼MAPSSB,LCZ,LCJFBZEPORK草鱼U12JF草鱼PORT草鱼MAPSSB,DNA,LCZ,DDSJY,LCJFBZE,DDJFBZF,FYXPORK草鱼U13XZSC草鱼PORT草鱼MAPJFX,JCZ,WTY,SELK,QWPORK草鱼U14SEL1草鱼PORT草鱼MAPCLK1J,S1KPORK草鱼U15SEL2草鱼PORT草鱼MAPSEL2K,S2WEIXPORK草鱼U16YMQ草鱼PORT草鱼MAPDINW,DOUT1SHUC1,DOUT0SHUC0PORK草鱼END草鱼ARCHITECTURE草鱼ONEPORK草鱼52波形仿真草鱼草鱼53输入、PORK输出信号说明草鱼输入PORK草鱼DNDAY草鱼OR草鱼NIGHT控制；PORK草鱼SSSTART草鱼OR草鱼STOP控制；PORK草鱼WRWAIT草鱼OR草鱼RUN控制；PORK草鱼CLK输入时钟信号，鲤鱼模拟时间和路程。草鱼草鱼输出PORK草鱼DNPBPORK用于判别白天还是黑夜的输出信号，鲤鱼接至发光二极管，鲤鱼白天不发光，鲤鱼黑夜的时候发光。草鱼草鱼FY1费用的十位草鱼FY0费用的个位草鱼DDSJ1等待时间的十位草鱼DDSJ0等待时间的个位草鱼LC1路程的十位草鱼LC0路程的个位草鱼54各个模块的软件连线图（见附录二）草鱼6硬件电路设计与安装图草鱼61硬件电路设计图（见附录三）草鱼62硬件电路的元器件清单PORK器件名称及个数杜邦线若干根电阻200欧姆21个1K3个20脚底座3个插针若干个90123个发光二极管1个数码管6个按钮开关3个芯片FPGA导线若干根7硬件电路安装与调试草鱼71硬件电路安装与调试的步骤草鱼（1）根据硬件电路图在通用板上布线草鱼（2）检查元器件的好坏，鲤鱼确保每一个元器件是好的才能进行焊接焊接时要注意虚焊，鲤鱼短路等等草鱼（3）焊好之后要根据安装图用万用表进行测量，鲤鱼防止电路存在错误注意焊接要仔细草鱼72调试过程中的困难草鱼（1）接入5伏电压之后，鲤鱼开关模块中有一个按钮不能起作用，鲤鱼通过万用表检测，鲤鱼发现有一个点没有连接上。草鱼草鱼（3）软硬件连接时，鲤鱼数码管显示乱码。草鱼我们反复检查程序后发现数码管AG的硬件引脚与软件引脚接反了。草鱼最后，鲤鱼我们重新连接了引脚，鲤鱼达到了预期的效果。草鱼草鱼8调试结果说明及