初中英语阅读理解技巧(方法 例题)-1ppt课件

.,英语阅读技巧,.,阅读理解,ReadingSkills细节理解和判断推测词语意义推断深层含义理解主旨大意理解作者意图观点态度,.,一、细节理解和判断细节题主要考查学生对文章重要细节、信息的综合理解能力以及推理判断能力等。细节题大多可以直接或间接地从文章中找到答案。Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue(nottrue)?Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingismentioned?Allthefollowingstatementsaretrueexcept_.Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.以及where,how,who,why,howlong等引导的特殊疑问句要求判断细节。,阅读理解,.,二、推测词语意义推测词语意义是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、关键词或短语的词义。提高这种技巧可以使我们在阅读过程中能很快通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点推断出词义来，从而提高阅读速度和阅读能力。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“.”mean?2.Bysaying“.”，thewritermeans_.3.Themeaningofthewordis_.4.Theunderlinedword“.”probablymeans_.5.Theword“.”refersto_.6.Theunderlinedword“.”canbereplacedby_.7.Whichisthefollowingistheclosetinmeaningtotheword?,阅读理解,.,三、推断深层含义推断深层含义主要考查学生根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知信息或深层含义的能力。要求考生把已有的信息作为已知条件，从中推断出符合因果关系变化的未知结论。既理解字面意思，更要理解文章的深层含义甚至包括作者意图等，分清哪些是事实，哪些是推理。记住：判断有据，推理有理，忠于原文，切忌片面。Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_.2.Thewritersuggeststhat_.3.Fromthepassage(story),wecanlearnthat_.4.Whatdoesthewritermeanbysaying?5.Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat_.,阅读理解,.,四、理解主旨大意理解主旨大意题主要是测试学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章大意的能力，一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题或目的设题。Thepassage/articleismainlyabout_.2.Themainideaofthepassageis_.3.Whattopicisdiscussedinthepassage?4.Fromthepassageweknow/learnthat_.5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?6.Thetitleofthispassagecouldbe_.,阅读理解,.,解答这类题目时，最直接、最有效的方法是通过快速浏览，找出每个段落的主题句。一般来说，主题句通常是一段中的第一句或最后一句，有时也会出现在段落中间。有时文中没有直接出现主题句，而需要我们总结。此时应该注意每一段的中心句，把这些中心句的意思总结起来就是文章大意。,阅读理解,.,五、理解作者意图观点态度一篇文章不可避免地反映作者的观点和情绪，作者期望读者能够通过文章字面意思，真正领悟其言外之意，如作者的态度或写作意图以及隐喻等Thewriterspurposeinwritingthisstoryis_.2.Inthewritersopinion,should_.3.Whenthewritersays,hemeans_.4.Thewritersattitudetoward.is_.5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribeshowthewriterfeelsabout_?6.Theauthorwouldagreethat_.7.Thewritermainlywantstotellus_.（中考题57题）推测作者的写作目的，必须首先了解文章的主题，然后分析作者的论述方法、论述的重点和材料的安排。,阅读理解,.,五、理解作者意图观点态度ThewriterusesbloodtypeAandBasanexampletoexplain_.（中考题57题）推测作者的写作目的，必须首先了解文章的主题，然后分析作者的论述方法、论述的重点和材料的安排。,阅读理解,.,1.如何捕捉大意？命题思路，题目中会有themainpoint/mainidea/besttitle等等。读首句/段抓大意Eg.TodayNewtownisaverycleanplace.Butmanyyearsago,thereweremillionsofratsinNewtown.Theyattackedthecatsanddogs.Sometimesalotofthemknockeddownamanorwomanwalkinghomeatnight.Theratswereverybiginsizeandtheyhurtmanypeople.Question:Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.HowtoKillRatsB.Newtown-CityofRatsC.HowNewtownPeopleBecameRichD.HowNewtownBecameaVeryCleanCity.,D,.,(2)读尾句/段抓大意Eg.OnthenightofthepartyMerlinrolledintotheroomplayinghisviolin.Everyonewasastonishedtoseehim.Therewasjustoneproblem.Merlinhadnowaytostophisroller-skater.Herolledonandon.Suddenlyheranintoahugemirrorthatwashangingonthewall.Downfellthemirror,breakingtopieces.NobodyforgotMerlinsgrandentranceforalongtime.Question:Whatisthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthisparagraph?A.TherollerskatesneededfurtherimprovementB.ThepartygueststookMerlinforafool.C.Merlinsucceededbeyondexpectation.D.Merlingothimselfintotrouble.,C,.,(3)从段落中抓大意Eg.Nowsatellitesarehelpingtoforecasttheweather.Theyareinspace,andtheycanreachanypartoftheworldToday,nearlyfivehundredweatherstationsinsixtycountriescanreceivesatellitepicturesSotheweathersatellitesareofagreathelptothescientistsatthestation.Inthepasttheycouldforecasttheweatherforabout24or48hoursearlier.Nowtheycanmakegoodforecastsfor3or5days.Question：Themainideaofthispassageisthatsatellitesarenowusedin_.A.takingpicturesoftheatmosphereB.manywaysC.receivingpicturesoftheatmosphereD.weatherforecasting,D,.,2.如何搜索文章细节(1)直接对号入座Eg.Atthesametimeaftertheageoften,atelevenortwelve,boysandgirlsbodiesstartchanging.ThistimeofchangeiscalledpubertyQuestion:Accordingtothetextthechangesinpubertystartattheageof_.A.8or9B.11or12C.15or16D.17or18(2)同义/反义词转换Eg.From1262to1944IcelandwasruledfirstbyNorwayandthenbyDenmark.Question:HowmanyyearsdidNorwayandDenmarkruledIceland?A.700B.682C.388D.1070Eg.Kuminghasapopulationofmorethan5,000,000.Question:WhatsthepopulationofKuming?A.OverfivemillionB.OverfivethousandC.OverfivebillionD.Overfivehundred,B,B,A,.,(3)短语从句的转换CanadaGeesearelargeblueandwhitebirds.Whenautumnarrives,theyhavetoflysouthwheretheweatheriswarmer.Question:CanadaGeesehavetoflysouth_.A.inspringB.beforeautumnC.inwinterD.aftersummer(4)概括归纳Eg.Studentssitintheclassroomlisteningtotheteacher.Thisisawayoflearning.Isthistheonlywayforstudentstolearnsomething?Ofcoursenot.Question:Listeningtotheteacheris_forstudentstolearnsomething.A.notawayB.thebestwayC.theonlywayD.nottheonlyway,D,D,.,3.猜测词义的技巧(1)根据构词法猜测词义Eg1.IhadwalkedtwokilometersbeforeIfoundaphone-boxandeventuallyIwasabletogetagaragetosendsomeonetogivesomehelp.Question:Theworld“eventually”means_.A.rightawayB.atlastC.withdifficultyD.unhappilyEg2:Mosttelephonehotlinesarecompletelyanonymous-callersdonthavetosaytheirnamesortelephonenumbers.Question:Theword“anonymous”probablymeans_.A.withanameB.withoutanameC.freeofchargeD.interesting,B,B,.,(2)根据同义词，反义词猜测词义OneofthethingsIalwaysbelieveisthatnomatterhowbadsomethingis,youcantakesomethingpositiveoutofit.Question:Thework“positive”inthepassageprobablymeans_.A.terribleB.badC.goodD.real,C,.,(3)根据定义或解释猜测词义EveryDecemberinLondon,theNationalCageandAviaryBirdShowtirestofindthebest“talking”birdintheworld.OnebirdnamedPrudlestoodoutamongthe“talkingbirds”.Shewonthisprizefor12yearsform1965to1976.Question:Whatdoestheword“standout”meaninthispassage?A站起来B.飞起来C.脱颖而出D.取出来,C,.,（4）根据上下文逻辑关系猜测词义Eg.Mancanonlydrinkorusetheother3%ofthefreshwaterwhichcomesfromrivers,lakesanunderground.Ontheotherhand,becausethenumberofpeopleintheworldisbecominglargerandlarger,moreandmorefreshwaterisneeded.Sowatershortagebecomesabigproblem.Question:Theword“shortage”inthispassagemeans_.A.beingenoughB.beingshortofC.beingshortforD.beingless,B,.,(5)根据生活经验猜测词义Forexample,twocupsofcoffeewillmakeyoubreathefasterandaugmentbodyheat.Allthismakesyourheartbeatfaster,anddoctorswarnthatthismaybealittledangerous.Question:Theworld“augment”means_.A.increaseB.drinkC.stopD.makeless,A,.,4.推断隐含含义(1)推断数据Eg:“Howmuchisthetomatosoup”Paulasked.Sixdollars,“thewaitersaid.“Itsverygood.”“Howmuchistheduckwithorange?”Paulaskednext.“Fifteendollars,”thewaitersaid.“Howmuchisthechocolateicecream?”“Sixdollars”thewaitersaid.Pauladdeditupquickly.Sixplusfifteenplussixistwenty-seven.Hethoughthecouldhavetheduckandthesoup,ortheduckandtheicecream.”Illhavetheduckandthechocolateicecream,please.”Hesaidtothewaiter.Question:HowmuchdidPaulsmealcost?A.$21B.$24C.$25D.527,A,.,（2）推断隐含句义Eg.WeareallbusytalkingaboutandusingtheInternet,buthowmanyofusknowthehistoryoftheInternet?TheInternethasnowbecomeoneofthemostimportantpartsofpeopleslife.Question:Whatcanweinferfromthelastsentence?A.Peoplewilldiewithoutthe