高三英语高考单项选择题解题技巧课件.ppt

2010高三英语总复习专项训练,单项选择题解题技巧,试题设计特点：,1.句子结构题命题手段(1)用问句、陈述句、倒装句使题干复杂，以避开考生熟悉的句子结构whomdoyouwanttohave_thepartsofthecartogether?a.fixb.tofixc.fixingd.fixed,(还原：youwanttohavewhomfixthepartsofthecartogether),(1)用问句、陈述句、倒装句使题干复杂，以避开考生熟悉的句子结构(2).用从句、加插入语等分隔成分使句子结构复杂.用省略的方法使句子结构复杂.用被动句使句子结构复杂.用考生不太常见的句式使句子结构看起来有点陌生,试题设计特点：,2.词汇用法题利用惯用法和习惯用语命题,以及把意思相同或相近的词或词组放在一起进行考查。习语或固定搭配请看以下例题:wevemissedthelastbus,andimafraidwehaveno_buttotakeataxi.a.wayb.alternativec.possibilityd.selection,（havenoalternative/choicebuttodosth）,习语或固定搭配习语或固定搭配的确切含义句子的真实含义词语的意义和用法题干对词语的要求搭配承上替代,试题设计特点：,3.语境推理题利用上下文创设一个语境,字里行间隐含某些关键信息来命题hassamfinishedhishomeworktoday?ihavenoidea.he_itthismorning.a.didb.hasdonec.wasdoingd.haddone,（nmet2004全国ii）（答案c）,（改编）hassamfinishedhishomeworktoday?yes.he_itthismorning.a.didb.hasdonec.wasdoingd.haddone(关键信息ihavenoidea和yes),（答案a）,（经验：preferdoingsthtodoingsth),但这里用tobenoticed作目的状语.答案为a.,试题设计特点：,4.思维定势题利用考生的思维定势（习惯性地遵循某一单一模式进行的思维）命题theyoungladyprefersdressingupforapartyto_byothers.a.benoticedb.beingnoticedc.havingbeennoticedd.havebeennoticed,imsorryicanthelp_theflooroftheclassroom.a.sweepingb.sweptc.tosweepd.tosweeping,（经验：canthelpdoingsth）答案为c.,试题设计特点：,5.情景交际题利用英汉两种语言在表达上的差异和英语口语中的习惯表达进行命题.-excuseme,_?-thats$35.76altogether,madam.a.howmuchisthemealwevehadb.butcanitakeyourorderc.couldihavethebill,pleased.wouldyoupleasetakethemoney,分析:根据中国人的表达习惯，考生很可能会选择a，“我们一共吃了多少钱？”。但在英美文化中，往往会说“请结帐，好吗？”。正确答案.,c,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,1.结构分析法为了增加试题的难度和灵活性，命题者通过插入语、倒装句、强调结构、从句套从句等形式使句子结构复杂化。因此，在做题时，要能准确分析句子结构，把握句子脉络。theplace_thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_thecrossrivertrafficistheheaviest.a.which;whereb.atwhich;whichc.atwhich;whered.which;inwhich,解析：本题综合考查了定语从句where引导的表语从句。依据句子结构分析，所缺第二空肯定是where引导的表语从句，又因定语从句逻辑上与should构成attheplace,故选。,c,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,-whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?-thereisnooneelse_,isthere?a.whototurntob.shecanturntoc.forwhomtoturnd.forhertoturn,解析：通过分析句子结构可以判断，所留空格为定语从句修饰先行词nooneelse，省略了关系代词whom。项正好符合此要求。,b,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_inthekitchen.a.smokeb.smokingc.tosmoked.smoked,根据语法规则并由题意可知为最佳答案。,b,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,2.结构简化法在一个较复杂的句子中，通过去掉插入语或附加的次要信息部分，使句子结构简化，然后可迅速找出正确答案。_someofthisjuice-perhapsyoulllikeit.a.tryingb.tryc.totryd.havetried,解析：去掉破折号后面的附加信息perhapsyoulllikeit,通过语境和结构分析便可看出本题是祈使句，故答案为。,b,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,3.结构还原法高考中一些单项选择题的测试点本来十分简单，但为了增加试题的难度，命题者有意把题干复杂化，改成一个少见或陌生的结构。对于这类选择题，考生可以反其道而行之，把题干还原为自己熟悉的结构。这样，题目就会变得简单，答案就会一目了然。具体来说，可采用以下几种方法。,（1）将倒装句改成陈述句（2）将陈述句改为倒装句（3）去掉从句或插入语（4）将被动句改为主动句（5）将省略句改为一个完整的句子（6）将复合句改成简单句（7）将疑问句改成陈述句（8）将感叹句改成陈述句,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,generallyspeaking,_accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.a.whentakingb.whentakenc.whentotaked.whentobetaken,解析：该句省略了thedrugwas,补全后则为：thedrugwastakenaccordingtothedirections.答案选。,b,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,wasitin1969_theamericanastronautssucceeded_landingonthemoon?a.when;onb.that;onc.when;ind.that;in,解析：将这个句子转换成陈述句，即：itwasin1969_theamericanastronautssucceeded_landingonthemoon.这是一个强调句型,故答案正确。,d,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,-ihaventheardfromhenryforalongtime.-whatdoyousuppose_tohim?a.washappeningb.tohappenc.hashappenedd.hadhappened,解析：去掉本句中的插入语doyousuppose,原句则变为：what_tohim?很明显，该句是一个由what引导的特殊疑问句，句中缺少谓语动词。又从“ihaventheardfromhenryforalongtime”可得到提示，答语应该用，故该题选。,c,现在完成时,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,4.语境分析法这类题要求考生找到语境的切入点，认真、仔细地分析题干所提供的语境，然后确定正确答案。-excuseme.isthistherightwaytothesummerpalace?-sorry,iamnotsure.butit_be.a.mightb.willc.mustd.can,解析：通过对语境的分析可发现，“iamnotsure”为解题的切入点。“不太有把握，无法确定”表示一种可能性，故选项正确。,a,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,hekeptlookingather,wonderingwhetherhe_hersomewhere.a.sawb.hasseenc.seesd.hadseen,解析：本题考查过去完成时在具体情景中的使用。根据题干的语境暗示可知主导时态为一般过去时。现在分词短语wondering作伴随状语，其中whether又引导宾语从句，则从句的谓语动词应用过去完成时，表示动作发生在过去的过去。答案为。,d,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,5.关键信息法对于有些题目来说，如果能找到题干中的关键信息，问题便可迎刃而解。-whatareyoudoingwhentonyphonedyou?-ihadjustfinishedmyworkand_totakeashower.a.hadstartedb.startedc.havestartedd.wasstarting,解析：此句的关键信息为whentonyphonedyou,它是时间标志。在此之前发生的表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，在此时间点正在发生的用过去进行时。答案为。,d,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,-doyouhaveanything_?-no,imfree.a.todob.tobedonec.doingd.do,解析：解此题的关键信息是no,imfree.答案为.如果将题干改成-doyouhaveanything_?-oh,thankyou,icanmanageitmyself.a.todob.tobedonec.doingd.do答案又选哪个呢?答案为.,a,b,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,tomoughtnotto_meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.a.havetoldb.tellc.betellingd.havingtold,解析句子“buthemeantnoharm”所提供的信息是“tom已经把你的秘密告诉了我”，故答案为。,a,如果没有这个有效信息，则b也成立。,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,6.逆向思维法逆向思维法是一种创造性的思维方法，它冲破了固有的思维定式。运用它来解题，可收到意想不到的效果。_canyouexpecttogetapayrise.a.withhardworkb.althoughhardworkc.onlywithhardworkd.nowthatheworkshard,解析：当一些副词或短语在句首作状语时，后面的句子要倒装。反过来，由题干中的倒装可确定为正确答案。,c,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,7.标点提示法标点符号虽小，但可以提供很多信息。比如句中逗号可以提示非限制性定语从句或非谓语动词作状语等。标点符号可以帮助考生确定做单项填空题时从哪个角度入手。whenigotbackhomeisawamessagepinnedtothedoor,_“sorrytomissyou;willcanlate.”a.readb.readsc.toreadd.reading,解析：空格之前有逗号，首先可排除read和reads两个谓语动词。toread为不定式短语，作目的状语时，一般不能与主句隔开，而且此处既非表示目的，也非表示结果。,只有reading在句中作伴随状语,符合题意,故d为最佳答案。,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,_,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.a.whob.whichc.thisd.what,解析：ofcourse是插入语。空白处之前的逗号表明，空白处需要和非限制性定语从句，因此要选关系代词which来代替前面整个句子的意思，并且作从句的主语。而选项c和d不能引导非限制性定语从句，选项a不符合题意。b为最佳答案。,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,8.情景交际法情景交际题几乎每年都考，旨在考查考生在交际的特定环境中语言运用的得体性(语用能力)。因此，考生一定要领悟试题题干内涵，准确把握语境，熟悉中、英两种文化的差异，掌握不同民族的交际习惯方式，才能选出正确的答案。-hi,haventseenyouforages!youlookfine!-_.youlookwell,too.a.greatb.thanksc.oh,nod.notatall,解析：中国人比较谦虚内向，而英美人比较外向，,所以应选b。c和d是中式表达。,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,ididntknowthiswasaonewaystreet,officer._a.thatsallright.b.idontbelieveyou.c.howdareyousaythat?d.sorry,butthatsnoexcuse.,分析:你有可能选了b、c项，这是没有注意到西方人生活、工作中交往的必要礼节，答话时过于生硬，没有顾及他人感情，而正确答案应该是在充分考虑到说话双方的身份，彼此之间的关系以及说话人的立场和态度的基础上做出的选择。,d,高考英语单项选择题解题技巧,-waiter!-_.-icanteatthis.itstoosalty.a.yes,sir?b.what?c.allright?d.pardon?,解析根据前后句提供的信息可知该题含义是：顾客用餐对菜肴的味道不满意，叫服务员前来服务。allright?和pardon?显然不符合语境。what?从字面意义来看，是中文式的表达。按英美文化习惯，地道的表达应当是yes,sir?而且要用升调，故是最佳答案。,a,06陕西高考6.iusedtoearn_thanapoundaweekwhenifirststartedwork.a.alittleb.afewc.fewerd.less7.youlookverytired_atalllastnight?no,notreally.imsotiredoutnow.c.didyousleepd.hadyouslepta.doyousleepb.wereyousleeping8.shewaseducatedatbejinguniversity,_shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.a.afterwhichb.fromwhichc.fromthatd.afterthat,5d.less,7.youlookverytired_atalllastnight?no,notreally.imsotiredoutnow.5c.didyousleepd.hadyouslepta.doyousleepb.wereyousleeping,1a.afterwhich,方1.结构分析法2.结构简化法3.结构还原法4.语境分析法法5.关键信息法6.逆向思维法7.标点提示法8.情景交际法,06陕西高考9.hisplanwassuchagoodone_weallagreedtoacceptit.a.sob.andc.thatd.as10.mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrotherwas_it.a.infavourofb.inmemoryofc.inhonourofd.insearchof11.imterriblysorrythatimadeyourtableclothdirty._.a.nevermindb.dontmentionitc.thatsrightd.sorry,9.hisplanwassuchagoodone_weallagreedtoacceptit.a.sob.and1c.thatd.as,10.mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrotherwas_it.4/5a.infavourofb.inmemoryofc.inhonourofd.insearchof,11.imterriblysorrythatimadeyourtableclothdirty._.8a.nevermindb.dontmentionitc.thatsrightd.sorry,方1.结构分析法2.结构简化法3.结构还原法4.语境分析法法5.关键信息法6.逆向思维法7.标点提示法8.情景交际法,06陕西高考真题12.theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylines_bynow.a.hascompletedb.havecompletedc.havebeencompletedd.hasbeencompleted13.itisdifficulttoimaginehis_thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.a.acceptb.acceptingc.toacceptd.accepted14.withnooneto_insuchafrighteningsituation,shefeltveryhelpless.a.turntob.turnonc.turnoffd.turnover,12.theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylines_bynow.a.hascompletedb.havecompletedc.havebeencompleted5d.hasbeencompleted,14.withnooneto_insuchafrighteningsituation,shefeltveryhelpless.1a.turntob.turnonc.turnoffd.turnover,方1.结构分析法2.结构简化法3.结构还原法4.语境分析法法5.关键信息法6.逆向思维法7.标点提示法8.情景交际法,06陕西高考真题15.accordingto_worldhealthorganization,healthcareplansareneededinallbigcitiestoprevent_spreadofaids.a.the;不填b.the;thec.a;ad.不填;the16.onlythen_howmuchdamagehadbeencaused.a.sherealizedb.shehadrealizedc.hadsherealizedd.didsherealize17.facedwithabillfor10,000,_.a.johnhastakenanextrajobb.thebosshasgivenjohnanextrajobc.anextrajobhasbeentakend.anextrajobhasbeengiventojohn,16.onlythen_howmuchdamagehadbeencaused.a.sherealizedb.shehadrealizedc.hadsherealized6d.didsherealize,17.facedwithabillfor10,000,_.a.johnhastakenanextrajob1/7b.thebosshasgivenjohnanextrajobc.anextrajobhasbeentakend.anextrajobhasbeengiventojohn,方1.结构分析法2.结构简化法3.结构还原法4.语境分析法法5.关键信息法6.逆向思维法7.标点提示法8.情景交际法,15.accordingto_worldhealthorganization,healthcareplansareneededinallbigcitiestoprevent_spreadofaids.a.the;不填b.the;thec.a;ad.不填;the,06陕西高考真题18.hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.a.totellb.tobetoldc.tellingd.told19.asyouworkedlateyesterday,you_havecomethismorning.a.mayntb.cantc.mustntd.neednt20.thisisaveryinterestingbook.illbuyit,_.a.howmuchmayitcostb.nomatterhowitmaycostc.howevermuchitmaycostd.howmayitcost,18.hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.a.totellb.tobetold1/4c.tellingd.told,19.asyouworkedlateyesterday,you_havecomethismorning.a.mayntb.cantc.mustntd.neednt4/5,20.thisisaveryinterestingbook.illbuyit,_.a.howmuchmayitcostb.nomatterhowitmaycostc.howevermuchitmaycost4d.howmayitcost,方1.结构分析法2.结构简化法3.结构还原法4.语境分析法法5.关键信息法6.逆向思维法7.标点提示法8.情景交际法,2007陕西高考英语单项选择题,6.-couldiuseyourcomputerforafewmoments,please?-.imnotusingitmyself.a.comeonb.itdependsc.goaheadd.thatsgreat7.thoughhestartedlate.mr.guoplayedthepianoaswellas,if_,missliu.a.notbetterthanb.notbetterc.nobetterthand.better8.parentssayanddohasalife-longeffectontheirchildren.a.thatb.whichc.whatd.as,c,a,c,2007陕西高考英语单项选择题,9.asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsinthearea.a.needrepairingb.needstorepairc.needsrepairingd.needtorepair10.thatmaricwasabletosetupnewbrancheselsewhere.a.sosuccessfulherbusinesswasb.sosuccessfulwasherbusinessc.soherbusinesswassuccessfuld.sowashersuccessfulbusiness11.wehadwantedtofinishourtaskbynoon,butitdidntquite.a.findoutb.giveoutc.handoutd.workout,a,b,d,2007陕西高考英语单项选择题,12.heandhiswifeareofthesame;theybothwanttheirsontogotocollege.a.soulb.spiritc.heartd.mind13.ithinkheistakinganactivepartinsocialwork.iagreewithyou_.a.inawayb.onthewayc.bythewayd.intheway14.itoldyourfriendhowtogettothehotel,butperhapsihavedrivenherthere.a.couldb.mustc.nightd.should,d,a,d,2007陕西高考英语单项选择题,15.thatshedidntdoagoodjob,idontthinkiamablerthanher.a.tohavesaidb.havingsaidc.tosayd.saying16.-thereisstillacopyofthebookinthelibrary.willyougoandborrow?-no,idratherbuyinthebookstore.a.it;oneb.one;onec.one;itd.it;it17.infilmcastaway.tomhanksplays_mannamedchucknoland.a.a;theb.the;ac.the;thed.a;a,b,a,b,2007陕西高考英语单项选择题,18.-whenhasthecountrybeenopentointernationaltrade?-1978,isuppose.a.sinceb.inc.fromd.after19.itherelittlemorethanaweekwhenisettoworkwiththescientist.a.wouldbeb.havebeenc.hadbeend.willbe20.today,welldiscussanumberofcases_beginnersofenglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.a.whichb.asc.whyd.where,a,c,d,2008陕西高考英语单项选择题,9.c10.a11.b12.a13.d14.b15.a16.c17.b18.a19.d20.d6.themomentigothome,ifoundimyjacketontheplayground.a.hadleftb.leftc.haveleftd.wasleaving7.notuntilthemotorbikelookedalmostnew_repairingandcleaningit.a.hestoppedb.didhestopc.stoppedhed.hedidstop8.tomorrowistomsbirthday.haveyougotanyideathepartyistobeheld?a.whatb.whichc.thatd.where,c,d,b,2008陕西高考英语单项选择题,9.whatsortofhousedoyouwanttohave?somethingbig?-well,itbebig-thatsnotimportant.a.mustntb.needntc.cantd.wont10.iatesandwichwhileiwaswaitingfor20:08train.a.the,ab.the,thec.a,thed.a,a11.themessageisveryimportant,soitissupposedassoonaspossible.a.tobesentb.tosendc.beingsentd.sending,c,a,b,2008陕西高考英语单项选择题,12.hedoesnthavefurnitureinhisroom-justanolddesk.a.anyb.manyc.somed.much13.themanpulledoutagoldwatch,weremadeofsmalldiamonds.a.thehandsofwhomb.whomthehandsofc.whichthehandsofd.thehandsofwhich14.aroundthewatercube,wewerethentakentoseethebirdsnestforthe2008olympicgames.a.havingshownb.tobeshownc.havingbeenshownd.toshow,a,d,b,2008陕西高考英语单项选择题,15.didyougototheshowlastnight?yeah.everyboyandgirlinthearea_invited.a.wereb.havebeenc.hasbeend.was16.tenyearsagothepopulationofourvillagewasthatoftheirs.a.astwicelargeasb.twiceaslargeasc.twiceasmuchasd.astwicemuchas17.thoughwedontknowwhatdiscussed,yetwecanfeelthetopic.a.hadchangedb.willchangec.waschangedd.hasbeenchanged,a,c,b,2008陕西高考英语单项选择题,18.thefloorisdirty.cananyonecleanit?idoitallthetime.a.dontmentionit.b.whyyou?c.notsured.notmeagain.19.elizabethhasalreadyachievedsuccess_herwildestdreams.a.atb.beyondc.withind.upon20.itsgoingtorain.xiaofeng,willyoupleasehelpmetheclothesontheline?a.getoffb.getbackc.getind.geton,a,d,d,2009陕西高考英语单项选择题,6.whatpitythatyoucouldntbetheretoreceiveprize!a.a;ab.the;ac.a;thed.the;the7.dr.smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,visitbeijingthissummer.a.isgoingtob.aregoingtoc.wasgoingtod.weregoingto8.heinvitedmetoadanceaftertheshow_christmaseve.a.atb.onc.ind.by