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新课导入,变色龙,6变色龙,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,学习目标,了解契诃夫及其作品，理清小说的故事情节。（重点）理解“变色龙”这一典型人物的社会意义，分析奥楚蔑洛夫的人物形象；体会作者运用夸张讽刺等艺术技巧的表达效果。（难点）认识沙皇专制统治下社会的黑暗和腐朽，培养自己正直、表里如一的品质。（重点）,契诃夫（18601904），俄国作家、戏剧家，十九世纪俄国批判现实主义作家，他与法国的莫泊桑、美国的欧亨利齐名，被誉为“世界三大短篇小说巨匠”。代表作品有第六病室装在套子里的人小公务员之死，剧本樱桃园等。,作者名片,本文选自契诃夫小说选（人民文学出版社1992年版）。汝龙译。变色龙作于1884年，当时的亚历山大三世为了强化反动统治，豢养了一批媚上欺下、见风使舵的走狗，为其镇压革命运动服务。沙皇专制警察往往打着遵守法令的官腔，干着趋炎附势、献媚邀功的勾当。本文中的警官奥楚蔑洛夫就是其中的典型代表。,背景链接,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,坎肩（）魁梧（）筛子（）醋栗（）咳嗽（）欺瞒（）赔偿（）伶俐（）,kn,ku,shi,l,su,h,chn,lnl,字词学习,恐（）旗（）无精打（）,zh,ci,吓,帜,采,mn,词语解释,【无精打采】形容不高兴，不振作。文中指生意萧条。【无缘无故】没有任何原因；毫无理由。【异想天开】形容想法离奇，不切实际。【魁梧】（身体）强壮高大。【恐吓】威胁人，使害怕；吓唬。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,主要人物：奥楚蔑洛夫故事：警官奥楚蔑洛夫处理“狗咬人”案件,1.本文的主人公是谁？讲了一个什么故事？（请用简洁语言概括）,整体感知,开端（1-5）：警官奥楚蔑洛夫碰上了一宗狗咬人的案件。发展和高潮（6-27）：警官奥楚蔑洛夫处理“狗咬人”事件的经过。结局（28、29）：案件处理结果小狗被人带走，受伤者反遭到嘲笑和恐吓。,2.按照小说情节发展理清小说结构层次。,奥楚蔑洛夫对狗咬人的案件判了几次？每次的断案结果是怎样的？每一次他又是如何来称呼这只狗？用最简洁的话归纳。,课文解读,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,野畜生，疯狗，把它弄死好了。,肯定他被狗咬了。,它是那么小，它怎么会咬着你的？,你那手指头一定是给小钉子弄破的，鬼东西。,下贱胚子,受了害，我们绝不能不管。,根据课文内容，补充表格。,名贵的狗，狗是娇贵的动物。,你这混蛋！不用把你那蠢手指头伸出来！怪你自己不好！,野狗，弄死它算了。,还不赖，怪伶俐的，一口就咬破了这家伙的手指头！,我早晚要收拾你！,警官奥楚蔑洛夫在处理“狗咬人”事件时，他的态度是随着什么变化的？,警官奥楚蔑洛夫在处理“狗咬人”事件中，态度五次变化，那么其中有没有始终不变的地方？,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,从奥楚蔑洛夫与众人的对话中，可以看出他是一个怎样的人？,对上层权势：奴颜婢膝，俯首帖耳,对广大群众：专横凶狠，作威作福,沙皇专制统治的忠实走狗,变色龙变色，是出于生存的本能，奥楚蔑洛夫“变色”的原因又是什么？这一人物反映了怎样的社会现实？,原因：不敢得罪权贵,在腐朽专制的社会中，像奥楚蔑洛夫这样的小官僚，为了生存，不得不通过丧失人格和尊严来换取生存空间。,四下里一片沉静。广场上一个人也没有。商店和饭馆的门无精打采地敞着，面对着上帝创造的这个世界，就跟许多饥饿的嘴巴一样；门口连一个乞丐也没有。,描写了社会环境的冷清、萧条，交代了“案子”发生的社会背景。,街道场景,两次写围观群众。“木柴厂四周很快就聚了一群人，仿佛一下子从地底下钻出来的。”写出了人聚集之快，人的无聊心态以看热闹为乐；结尾处对围观群众的描写深刻地揭示了小市民阶层的麻木、庸俗、愚昧，也揭示了当时俄国社会的病苦。两次描写使小说的社会意义更为深广。,围观场景,整个俄罗斯笼罩在军警宪兵的白色恐怖之中：经济萧条、民众麻木、法律虚伪沙皇专制警察打着遵守法令的幌子，干的却是欺下媚上的勾当。,社会环境特点,奥楚蔑洛夫这种警官的出现并不是偶然的，而是那个时代的必然结果。可以说，以奥楚蔑洛夫为主角的这场闹剧是个小窗口，它向我们展示了当时沙皇统治的腐朽、当时警察制度的黑暗。,社会意义,小说竭力刻画了奥楚蔑洛夫见风使舵、媚上欺下、趋炎附势的沙皇走狗形象。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.文中三次提到“法律”，有何作用？,（1）长官，就连法律上也没有那么一条，说是人受了畜生的害就该忍着。,深入探究,赫留金提出法律根据，反映了底层人民机敏的一面，是作者讽喻沙皇的“法律”对人民的压迫。,（2）他的法律上说得明白，现在大家都平等啦，不瞒您说，我的兄弟就在当宪兵,表现出赫留金的市侩。揭示了沙皇法律、军队的实质：是沙皇统治阶级统治人民的工具。,（3）那儿的人可不管什么法律不法律，一眨眼的工夫就叫它断了气！,从侧面揭露法律在统治阶级眼里，不过是一纸空文，说明法律的虚伪。,所谓法律只是统治阶级压迫人民的工具，绝不会是保护人民的，说明沙皇法律的虚伪性。三次提到“法律”，使小说的主题不仅仅停留在对一个小警官的揭露上，而且把矛头直指沙皇的专制统治。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.作者在文中四次写到军大衣的脱、穿，请分析这一细节描写在文中起到的作用。,交代身份，暗示背景。作者巧借新的军大衣交代了奥楚蔑洛夫的身份，暗示了沙皇专制统治的时代背景。,揭示性格，丑态百出。暴露了奥楚蔑洛夫媚上欺下的丑态。,连缀情节，前后呼应。本文以军大衣的掩饰让主人公有思考的机会，从而引出下一次态度的转变。使故事的情节起伏跌宕，前后呼应，浑然天成。,结构梳理,变色龙,交代背景，发生狗咬人的案子开端,奥楚蔑洛夫处理案子五次“变色”，揭示丑态,见风使舵欺下媚上趋炎附势狡猾善变,1.不知狗主人，严判2.将军家的狗，开脱3.不是将军家的，贬低4.是将军家的，称赞5.不是将军家的，弄死6.将军哥哥的狗，盛赞,奥楚蔑洛夫审案结束结局,发展高潮,本文通过对见风使舵、欺下媚上的警官奥楚蔑洛夫这个沙皇专制统治的忠实走狗的人物形象的刻画，巧妙地揭露了沙皇俄国警察制度的反动和虚伪，揭露了沙皇统治的黑暗与腐朽，也揭示了小市民的麻木、庸俗和愚昧。,课堂小结,1.运用夸张、对比手法，以小见大。,作者运用夸张、对比的手法，揭露了奥楚蔑洛夫见风使舵、虚伪残忍、欺下媚上的丑恶嘴脸：他的态度随着狗主人身份的变化而变化，变化之快、变化之大，前后对比鲜明，人物特征突出。合理的夸张，增强了文章的表达效果；强烈的对比，使写作对象更鲜明。从狗咬人的小事，揭示出社会的大问题。,写作特色,2.出色的细节描写。,运用细节描写，可以再现事件的真实性，丰富人物的性格，增添文章的讽刺性。如文中对赫留金手指的细节描写，一方面交代了赫留金的遭遇，一方面衬托出奥楚蔑洛夫见风使舵的卑劣品质。手指头先是赫留金要挟的证据、要求赔偿的本钱；当有人说狗是将军家的时，手指头就成了罪证。对同一个手指头，因狗主人身份的不同而态度急剧发生变化，充分展现了奥楚蔑洛夫欺下媚上的嘴脸。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路