高三英语二轮复习 阅读理解科普类课件.ppt

科普知识类,专题八科普知识类,专题八专题导读,科普类文章是高考阅读理解中的难点题材，其取材密切联系当前经济和科技等方面的变化，以介绍某一科学现象居多。科普类文章具有结构严谨，逻辑性强等特点。其主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等，其中推理判断题居多。这类文章的总体特点是：科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。具体说来它有以下几个特点：,专题八专题导读,1文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见。2句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。3常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。,专题八专题导读,1文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见。2句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。3常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。,专题八真题再现,2010山东batteriescanpoweranythingfromsmallsensorstolargesystems.whilescientistsarefindingwaystomakethemsmallerbutevenmorepowerful，problemscanarisewhenthesebatteriesaremuchlargerandheavierthanthedevicesthemselves.universityofmissouri(mu)researchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmaller，lighterandmoreefficient.,专题八真题再现,“toprovideenoughpower，weneedcertainmethodswithhighenergydensity(密度)，”saidjaekwon，assistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatmu.“theradioisotope(放射性同位素)batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.”kwonandhisresearchteamhavebeenworkingonbuildingasmallnuclearbattery，presentlythesizeandthicknessofapenny，intendedtopowervariousmicro/nanoelectromechanicalsystems(m/nems)althoughnuclearbatteriescancauseconcerns，kwonsaidtheyaresafe.,专题八真题再现,“peoplehearthewordnuclearandthinkofsomethingverydangerous，”hesaid.“however，nuclearpowersourceshavealreadybeensafelypoweringavarietyofdevices，suchaspacemakers，spacesatellitesandunderwatersystems.”hisnewideaisnotonlyinthebatteryssize，butalsoinitssemiconductor(半导体)kwonsbatteryusesaliquidsemiconductorratherthanasolidsemiconductor.,专题八真题再现,“thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergy，partoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure(晶格结构)ofthesolidsemiconductor，”kwonsaid.“byusingaliquidsemiconductor，webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”,专题八真题再现,togetherwithj.davidrobertson，chemistryprofessorandassociatedirectorofthemuresearchreactor，kwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.inthefuture，theyhopetoincreasethebatteryspower，shrinkitssizeandtrywithvariousothermaterials.kwonsaidthatthebatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.,专题八真题再现,()1.whichofthefollowingistrueofjaekwon?a.heteacheschemistryatmu.b.hedevelopedachemicalbattery.c.heisworkingonanuclearenergysource.d.hemadeabreakthroughincomputerengineering.,专题八真题再现,()2.jaekwongaveexamplesinparagraph4_.a.toshowchemicalbatteriesarewidelyappliedb.toindicatenuclearbatteriescanbesafelyusedc.todescribeanuclearpoweredsystemd.tointroducevariousenergysources,专题八真题再现,()3.liquidsemiconductorisusedto_.a.getridoftheradioactivewasteb.testthepowerofnuclearbatteriesc.decreasethesizeofnuclearbatteriesd.reducethedamagetolatticestructure,专题八真题再现,()4.accordingtojaekwon，hisnuclearbattery_.a.usesasolidsemiconductorb.willsoonreplacethepresentonesc.couldbeextremelythind.haspassedthefinaltest()5.thetextismostprobablya_.a.sciencenewsreportb.bookreviewc.newspaperadd.sciencefictionstory,专题八真题再现,【文章大意】本文属于科普类文章。主要介绍一种体积更小、能量更大、优点更多的新能源电池的开发。1.c细节理解题。根据文章第二段“jaekwon,assistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatmu.排除a项；参照第二段theradioisotope(放射性同位素)batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.”排除b项；文章无d项内容。参照第三段内容可推测c项正确。,专题八真题再现,2.b推理判断题。根据本段关键词“dangerous,safely”可知选b。3.d句意理解题。参照第六段“thekeypartdamagebyusingaliquidsemiconductor,webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”4.c推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“kwonsaidthatthebatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.”可以判断c项正确。5.a文章类型题。本文属于科普类，故很有可能是sciencenewsreport。,专题八专题预测,(一)fromthefirstuseoftherockettocarrysatellitesintospace,tothesettingupofspacestations,humanbeingshavebeenputtinggreateffortintospaceresearch.andsofar,wehaveachievedmanysuccesses.buttherearestillnumeroustasksinfrontofusandweshouldnotceasetryingtoprogress.,专题八专题预测,theinternationalspacestationisanimportantstepweshouldtakeinspaceexploration.itisnotonlyhelpfulbutalsoessential.itprovidesaproperspaceenvironmentformanyexperimentsthatwehavewantedtodoforalongtime.itisalsoabaseforobservationsoftheearthandtheuniverse.itcouldalsobeanimportantbaseforlatertraveltothemoonandmars.inaword,ifwewanttoexplorespacemore,thefirstthingweshoulddoistosetupaspacestation.,专题八专题预测,asthespacestationcostsalotofmoney,itishardforonecountryalonetoestablishone.theusaseemstobetheonlycountrythathastheabilitytobuildaspacestationalone,andithastriedtodoso,butnotverysuccessful.soitaggregatedmanyothercountriestoworkonittogether.thoughitisstillextremelyexpensive,itismuchcheaperthandoingitalone.itisreallyajobthatneedseveryoneseffortandwillbenefiteveryone.,专题八专题预测,butevenso,thefundsneededarestillabigproblem.asfortheusa,itseemsthatithastoomanythingstospenditsmoneyon.althoughitistherichestcountryintheworld,ithasmuchdebteveryyear.ithastomakearrangementsaboutitsfinance,andtrytofindabalanceinalltheseissues.,专题八专题预测,()1.whatistheauthorsattitudetowardsbuildinganddevelopingtheinternationalspacestation?asupportive.bdoubtful.ccritical.ddissatisfied.,专题八专题预测,()2.fromparagraph2wecanconcludethat_.athenecessityofbuildingtheinternationalspacestationisnotrealizednowbmanyexperimentshavebeendoneintheinternationalspacestationctheinternationalspacestationisnecessaryforpeopletoexplorespacemoredpeoplehavetraveledtomarsfromtheinternationalspacestation,专题八专题预测,()3.whichofthefollowingsisnotareasonforcountriescooperationinbuildingtheinternationalspacestation?athatitrequiresalotofmoney.bthatitneedseveryoneseffort.cthatitwillbenefiteveryparticipationcountry.dthatitistoofarawayfromtheearth.,专题八专题预测,()4.theunderlinedword“aggregated”inparagraph3canbereplacedby“_”aunitedbscoldedcalloweddforbade()5.whichofthefollowingaspectsaboutbuildingtheinternationalspacestationisnotmentionedinthepassage?adifficulties.bachievements.csignificance.dspecificarrangements.,专题八专题预测,【文章大意】本文谈论建立国际空间站的问题。国际空间站对于人类探索太空起着至关重要的作用。由于耗资巨大，即使财大气粗的美国有能力建造但效果欠佳，于是寻求与他国合作。现在人们正在探索解决问题的新途径。1a推理判断题。根据第一段“weshouldnotceasetryingtoprogress”和文中作者说话的语气可知，作者对建设国际空间站持支持态度。,专题八专题预测,2c推理判断题。根据第二段“inaword,ifwewanttoexplorespacemore,thefirstthingweshoulddoistosetupaspacestation”可知，国际空间站是进行太空探索所必须的。3d细节理解题。根据第三段“asthespacestationcostsalotofmoney”和“itisreallyajobthatneedseveryoneseffortandwillbenefiteveryone”可知，a、b、c三项均提到了，而文章没有提到d。,专题八专题预测,4a词义猜测题。由该词所在的语境可知，发展国际空间站耗资巨大，因此美国联合其他一些国家共同来建设该工程，也就是该词的意思相当于united。5d细节理解题。第三段提到了建设国际空间站面临的困难，第一段提到了已经取得的成就，第二段提到了其重要性，但是文中没有涉及具体细节安排，故答案为d。,专题八专题预测,(二)scientistsareincreasinglywarningthatsittingforlongperiodsevenifyoualsoexerciseregularlycouldbebadforyourhealth.anditdoesntmatterwherethesittingtakesplaceattheoffice,atschool,inthecarorbeforeacomputerortvjusttheoverallnumberofhoursitoccurs.severalstudiessuggestpeoplewhospendmostoftheirdayssittingaremorelikelytobefat,haveaheartattackorevendie.,专题八专题预测,whilehealthofficialshaveissuedguidelinesrecommendingminimumamountsofphysicalactivity,theyhaventsuggestedpeopletrytolimithowmuchtimetheyspendinaseatedposition.“afterfourhoursofsitting,thebodystartstosendharmfulsignals，”saidekblombakoftheswedishschoolofsportandhealthsciences.sheexplainedthatgenesregulating(调节)theamountofglucose(葡萄糖)andfatinthebodystarttoshutdown.,专题八专题预测,evenforpeoplewhoexercise,spendinglongperiodsoftimesittingatadeskisstillharmful.timarmstrong,aphysicalactivityexpertattheworldhealthorganization,saidpeoplewhoexerciseeverydaybutstillspendalotoftimesittingmightgetmorebenefitifthatexercisewerespreadacrosstheday,ratherthaninasinglebout(一回).,专题八专题预测,still,inastudypublishedin2009thattracked(跟踪调查)morethan17,000canadiansforaboutadozenyears,researchersfoundpeoplewhosatmorehadahigherdeathrisk,whetherornottheyexercised.expertssaidmoreresearchisneededtofigureoutjusthowmuchsittingisdangerous,andwhatmightbepossibletooffsetthoseeffects.,专题八专题预测,“peopleshouldkeepexercisingbecausethathasalotofbenefits，”ekblombaksaid.“butwhentheyreintheoffice,theyshouldtrytointerruptsittingasoftenaspossible，”shesaid.()1.whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?anosittingtoomuchwhileworking.bsideeffectsofsittingtoomuch.csittingtoomuchcouldbedeadly.dmoreandmorepeoplesittoomuch.,专题八专题预测,()2.theunderlinedword“offset”mostprobablymeans_.aimprovebavoidcignoredincrease,专题八专题预测,()3.accordingtotheresearches,_.athosewhooftensittoolongmustgrowfatorsufferfromaheartattackbregularexercisecangreatlybalancetheeffectsofsittingtoolongctheamountofthetimespentinsittingcantbemorethan8hoursadayditisrightforapersonnottositformorethanfourhoursinasinglebout,专题八专题预测,()4.thedangersofsittingtoomuchhappenbecauseit