外研社八下宾语从句精讲

,TheObjectclause,宾语从句,一、宾语从句的概念,宾语从句在句中作主句的宾语。eg.WeknowMrGreenteachesEnglish.宾语从句的句子结构：主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句,二、宾语从句三要素：,连接词,时态,语序,（一）连接词,1、由that引导（从句的原句是陈述句）。如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that，that在句中无词义,在从句中不能充当成分,在口语当中往往省略。Ihear(that)hewillbebackinanhour.Hesaid(that)hemissedusverymuch.Brownlivesinthathouse?,选择疑问句或反意疑问句如果宾语从句是一般疑问句，其引导词用if/whether,是“是否”之意，不能省略。与ornot连用时只能用whether，不能用if。Iwanttoknowif(whether)hewillgototheparkwithus.Idontknowwhetheritisgoingtorainornot.,3.、由疑问代词what,whom,whose,which,what及疑问副词when,where,how,why引导(原句为特殊疑问句)如果宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转换而来的，其引导词则用原来的疑问词，它在句子中充当成分，意思不变。Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.Doyouknowwhomtheyarewaitingfor?.,注意：在由疑问词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词不定式”结构。如：CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation？Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation？,（二）语序：陈述句语序,即：主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）,1、陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.Theteachersaid（that）hewasanhonestboy.2、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：Doesheworkhard？Iwonder.Iwonderif/whetherheworkshard.Whendidheleave？Idontknow.Idontknowwhenheleft.,（三）、宾语从句的时态1、主句是一般现在时或将来时，从句时态则根据实际情况来定。Pleasetellmewhenwellhaveameeting.Wouldyoutellmewhythetrainislate？注意：在由could,would引导的主句中,从句一般要用现在时。因为could,would经常表示礼貌或婉转的语气,而不是过去时。Couldyoupleasetellmewherethebankis?Wouldyoupleasetellmehowfaritisfromheretothehospital?,2.如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用相应的过去某种时态。如：Hesaid（that）therewerenoclassesyesterday.Jacktoldme(that)heoftenwentsightseeingonholiday.HedidntsaywhatFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking.,3.如果宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或真理、自然现象、名言时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.Couldyoutellmewherethebookshopis.,三、宾语从句注意事项,(一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：Whatswrong?Whatsthematter?Whatshappening?eg:Idontknowwhatsthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?,(二)只能用whether不能用if的情况,1.在介词后面：Imthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.Wedidntthinkaboutwhetheritwouldrainthenextday.2.在动词不定式前：Theyaskedmewhethertositatthefront.,3.当与ornot连用，或提出两种选择时:Idontknowwhetherhesfreeornot.MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot.Tellmewhetheryoudliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.4.宾语从句提前时：Whetherthisistrueornot,Icantsay.,5.在动词discuss后的宾语从句中:Wediscussedwhetherwewouldhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.6.引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whether：Whetherheisrightorwrongisaquestion.Thequestionwaswhetherhewenttherelastnight.,（三）、否定转移在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe,guess,suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。Idontthinkheisgoingshopping.,四、人称的变化和标点的使用1、人称的变化口诀：“一主。二宾，三不变”。“一主”是指从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；“二宾”是指如果宾语从句的主语是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；“三不变”是指从句主语是第三人称，不用变化。Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogowithme.Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.MrSmithsaid.Jackisagoodworker.MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodworker.“MayIuseyourknife？”Heaskedme.Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.,2.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Whowillgiveusatalk？Idontknow.Idontknowwhowillgiveusatalk.Doyouknow？Wheredoeshelive？Doyouknowwherehelives？,五、两副面孔if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：Ifitrainstomorrow，Iwontcome.（时间状语从句）Idontknowifitwillraintomorrow.（宾语从句）,宾语从句三要素,that（陈述句）,ifwhether（一般疑问句）,特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句),主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态,语序,宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序,客观真理自然现象公式定理名言警句时态不变,Summary,宾语从句三件事，时态语序连接词；主从时态要一致，陈述语序才合适；一般问句做从句，连接词if别忘记；特殊问句做宾从，特殊问词莫漏掉。,歌诀助学,Doyouknow_?A.wheredoessheliveB.sheliveswhereC.whereshelivesD.whereshelive2.Hisparentswantedtoknowwhathe_atthattime.A.isdoingB.wasdoingC.hasdoneD.willdo,C,B,巩固练习：,I从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。,4Lilysmotherlookedforherforhalfanhour,butcouldnotfind_?whatLilywasB.whatwasLilyC.whereLilywasD.wherewasLily,C,3.Wedontknow_.-ItissaidthathewasborninCanada.whatheisB.whenhewasbornC.wherehecomesfromD.ifheliveshere,C,5Thegirlsaskedifthey_somefoodanddrinkwiththem.,A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake,6Lindasaidthemoon_roundtheearth.,A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travelsD.hadtravelled,A,C,7.Couldyoupleasetellme_hewillcomeheretomorrow?A.ifB.weatherC.whatD.which,A,8.Couldyoutellme_?,A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijing,B.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijing,C.whentheywillleaveBeijing,D.whendidtheyleaveBeijing,C,将下列句子合并为一句:1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.2.Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?3.Dotheyliketogoskiing?Heasked.4.Heisdoinghishomework.Hesaid.5.Hewillcomeback.Tomsaid.,Iaskedwheretheystoppedontheway.,Couldyoutellmewhatyouwillspeakatthemeeting?,Heaskediftheylikedtogoskiing.,Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework.,Tomsaidthathewouldcomeback.,6.Isshedoingherhomework?Jimasked.7.Whenwillhecomeback?Tomasked.8.HowcanIgettothestation?Couldyoutellme?9.Whyisthetrainlate?Wouldyoutellme?10.WhereisTom?Theyasked.,Tomaskedwhenhewouldcomeback.,CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?,Wouldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?,TheyaskedwhereTomwas.,Jimaskedifshewasdoingherhomework.,Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basketballatsixoclockyesterdayevening.Ihearthey_(return)italready.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePartysince1948.(be)Heaskedwhatthey_ateightlastnight.(do)Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_fasterthansound.(travel)Ithinkyou_aboutthemurdernow.(talk),willbe,goes,wereplaying,havereturned,hadbeen,travels,aretalking,weredoing,Exercise:fillintheblanks,9.Ididntknowwhomtheletters_from.(be)10.Ididntknowwhattimehe_theletter.(write)11