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【机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译】住宅电梯仍是主流市场,机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译,机械类,毕业论文,中英文,对照,文献,翻译,住宅,电梯,主流,市场

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浙江工业大学浙西分校信电系毕业设计(论文) 译者：金雷住宅电梯仍是主流市场 据中国电梯协会的不完全统计，2004年全年电梯生产订购量可能超过8万台。2005年，虽然电梯行业增长的速度放缓，但还应该在8万台以上。电梯市场形势将继续看好，新产品的开发和新技术的应用更会促进电梯市场的发展。据估计，在8万台的新装电梯中，住宅电梯占据了七成，这也与中国近几年中国住宅市场的繁荣息息相关。住宅电梯特点之一是它在使用功能上与以往的客梯相比并无本质差别。特点之二是它服务的对象是居民，并不像高档电梯那样要求豪华的装饰。因此，住宅电梯的价格定位比较低。特点之三是现在我国的住宅楼很多都是呈小区结构，住宅电梯的一张定单往往不是购买一两台，而是购买数十台，多者达到上百台。住宅电梯的兴起无疑给电梯行业带来了很好的发展机遇。电梯行业投资增大。 随着国家对电梯政策的调整，已停止两年的电梯生产许可证验收颁发工作又重新开始启动，结束了各种投资无法进入电梯行业的状况。去年电梯行业投资踊跃，全国新增电梯生产企业几十家，其他相关企业几百家。从投资的内容来看，大部分企业还是以投资传统的电梯产品为主，同时家用梯和无机房电梯也是新的投资热点。从电梯投资的现象分析，正是由于电梯行业的开放政策促进了投资者的热情。摩天大楼的高度限制，不仅是建筑技术上的问题，一个重要的因素是受到电梯提升高度的限制，因而电梯不仅是代步的工具，也是人类文明的标志，其技术的发展正体现了社会的进步与文明。随着计算机技术，通讯技术与控制技术的发展使大厦的智能化成为现实，而电梯是智能建筑中的重要交通工具，其技术发展及智能化程度也倍受世人关注。智能化的电梯首先要与智能大厦中所有自动化系统联网，如与楼宇控制系统，消防系统，保安监控系统等交互联系，使电梯成为高效优质，安全舒适的服务工具，串行通讯以其布线简单，传输信息量大等优点，在电梯控制系统中应用日益增多，由于去掉了微机接口板上大量输入和输出电路，减少了井道，机房中的布线数量，可靠性大大提高。随着大楼智能化的提高，现场总线技术现已开始应用于电梯控制系统与大楼的BAS，FAS，SAS中。从电梯运行的控制智能化角度讲，要求电梯有优质的服务质量。控制程序中应采用先进的调度规则，使群控管理有最佳的派梯模式。现在的群控算法中已不是单一地依赖“乘客等候时间最短”为目标，而是采用模糊理论、神经网络、专家系统的方法，将要综合考虑的因素（即专家知识）吸收到群控系统中去。在这些因素中既有影响乘客心理的因素，也有对即将要发生的情况作评价决策，是专家系统和电梯当前运行状态组合在一起的多元目标控制。电梯的语音通告和信息显示就可实施周到的服务。利用遗传算法对客流交通模式及派梯规则进行优化、自学习，实现电梯调度规则的进化，以适应环境的变化。“以人为本”设计的电梯控制系统，将会使电梯的服务质量越来越好。电梯困人故障一直困扰着电梯的承包商，年代初就有电梯厂商对电梯增加了过程监视系统，即在电梯轿厢内装设摄像和通讯系统，被困轿厢中的乘客可以同大楼的监视人员建立联系。由于这种设施只限于电梯所在大楼，且由保安人员负责，一旦电梯困人，还得通知专业人员来解困。而现在提出的远程监控服务系统是在远程监视系统上更进了一步，这种先进装置集通讯、故障诊断、微处理机为一体，它可以通过市话线传递电梯的运行和故障信息到远程服务中心（即电梯远程监控维修中心），使维修人员知道电梯问题所在并如何去处理。如轿厢由于发生门故障而被困于某层，远程维修中心根据故障状况判断后，则可允许用遥控方式来打开轿门和层门，在无维修人员到现场的情况下，被困人员就可以离开轿厢。如有的故障只能要维修人员到现场排除的话，为使被困人员安心，中心即刻向轿厢播放安扰语音，解除紧张心理。自动扶梯安装远程监控后，除了能监视运行状况外，监控维修中心可根据显示的信息作出快速的急停处理，以免发生伤害事故。远程服务对用户的受益是显而易见的，电梯的远程监控不仅使用户得到一个部件、而且使用户享受到一整套的服务。远程维修监控中心始终监控着他们所承包的电梯，随时可以知道电梯的运行状态和发生故障的属性，维修人员去故障梯之前就已知道该维修的项目，减少了维修服务的成本和时间，这种预保养式的售后服务方式在国外是深得用户的信赖的，这也将是我国电梯工业技术发展的一个重要方向。从环境污染的角度讲，“绿色”新概念将成为21世纪的主流色调，一个全球性的绿色市场为企业的发展提供了广阔的空间，世纪谁先推出绿色产品，抢占绿色营销市场，谁就能撑握了竞争的主动权。电梯能耗大约占大楼总能耗的3%7%，它与大楼功能，楼层的高度，面积以及客流量有关。减少电梯能耗的措施是多方面的。主要包括：原材料的充分利用和再利用；选择高效的驱动系统，电梯数量和电梯参数的优化配置；减小电梯机械系统的惯性和磨擦阻力；合理运用对重和平衡重；出入口的布置，客流量和运货的规划，选用节能照明，这些都需要在电梯设计时预先优化选择和确定。在停站较少的群梯布置中， 一个主机驱动两个轿厢分别上下运行是一种节能的方案。而减少 能耗的另一途径是电梯运行过程的能耗控制。利用电梯空载上行、满载下行时电机处以发电状态的特性，将再生能量反馈给电网，这种节能措施在高速梯上效果显著。还有一种节能方案将在软件控制中得以实现。如建立实时控制的交通模式，尽量以较少的运行次数来运载较多的乘客，使电梯的停站次数减至最少。电梯召唤与轿厢指令合一的楼层入口乘客登记方案是电梯控制方式的一项革命性技术，使原来层站上乘客未知的目的层变得一目了然，从而使控制系统的派梯效率达到最高。减少运行过程能耗的另一措施是将电梯运行中的加减速度模式设置成变参数，即电梯控制系统中运行的速度、加速度以及加速度变化率曲线既随运行距离变化，也随轿厢负载变化。通过仿真软件模拟，确定出不同楼层之间的最佳运行曲线。利用电梯机房在楼顶的优势，充分利用太阳能作为电梯的补充能源也将是新的研究课题。 除了应使电梯用油污染（液压油、传动油、润滑油等）减至最少外，另一个问题是电梯的电磁兼容性研究。由于电梯是唯一在大楼里频繁启动的大容量电器，它是电磁干扰的元凶。电梯的电器和电子装置产生的电磁辐射将影响大楼的办公设备，如无线电、电视机、计算机、无绳电话等。另外电梯也不应被环境中的电磁辐射所影响。特别是电梯的安全电路应有可靠的隔离措施。目前欧共体已制定了电磁抗扰性CE标准，如在无线环境中，频率范围在30MHZ230MHZ之间，允许的辐射水平是30dB，路程30m；在310范围内是40dB。而在有线传输环境中，其辐射水平与频率和电流有关。如电流不大于25A，频率范围为0.15MHZ0.50MHZ之间,允许的最大辐射水平是79dB。 相信 ,随着电梯技术的发展,高速高效,智能化,绿色化的电梯一定能为人类提供更好的服务.无齿轮,无机房,电磁兼容性,远程监控技术将是电梯工业今后几年的主要研究方向。Residential elevators is still the mainstream market According to incomplete statistics, China lifts Association, 2004 annual subscriptions to lift production volume may more than 80,000 Taiwan. 2005, although the pace of growth slowed elevator industry, but also in more than 80,000 Taiwan. Elevator market situation will continue to look good, the new product development and the application of new technologies will promote lift market development. It is estimated that 80,000 Taiwan in the new clothing lifts, residential elevators occupied 70%, which is also Chinas domestic market in recent years with Chinas prosperity are closely related. It is one of the characteristics of residential elevators in the use of functions compared with the previous Keti essence no different. It is characteristic of the two services targeting residents did not like the high-grade lift for luxury decoration. Therefore, the price of residential elevators positioning relatively low. Characteristics of the three residential buildings is now my many are a small structure of a residential elevator purchase orders are often not a two, but the purchase of computers, nearly 100 more persons Taiwan. Residential elevators to lift the industry will undoubtedly bring up a good development opportunities. Elevator industry increased investment As national policy to lift the adjustment has ceased production two years elevator acceptance issuance of work permits and re-started, the end of investment inaccessible elevator industry conditions. Lift investment to the industry last year, the National additional lift production enterprises dozens, hundreds of other related businesses. From the investment point of view the content of most traditional investment enterprises or to lift products, and household staircase and the lift is no room new investment hot spot. Investment analysis of the phenomenon from the elevator, the elevator is the industrys open-door policy for investors enthusiasm. Granted restrictions, not only building technical problems, one important factor is subject to high lift restrictions, and lift not only daily transport tool is the hallmark of human civilization, the technology development is reflected in social progress and civilization. With computer technology, communications technology and control technology for the development of intelligent buildings a reality, and the wisdom of building the lift is an important means of transport, the technological development has attracted worldwide attention and intelligent level. Intelligent lifts first smart buildings with all automation networking, such as with building control systems, fire safety systems, security surveillance systems in the world linked to a high-efficiency and high-quality lift, safe service tool serial communications in wiring simple, such as the transmission of information advantage in the lift control system applications increasing, The board removed a large number of import and export of computer interface circuits, reducing wells Road, the number of rooms in the wiring, greatly enhancing reliability. With intelligent building improvement, the technology has begun to lift bus system and the building control BAS,FAS,SAS. Elevator operation from the standpoint of intelligent control to lift quality service quality. Control procedures should adopt advanced management rules for the management group charged with the best send staircase model. The group now has not a single control algorithms to rely on the shortest waiting time of passengers as the goal, but a vague theory, neural networks, expert systems approach will be integrated into the factors (that expertise) attract groups control system. In both these factors affect passengers psychological factors, there are also going to happen to be evaluated decision that the current operational status of expert systems and elevators mix together multiple control objectives. Lifts voice announcements and information that can implement thoughtful service. The use of genetic algorithms for passenger traffic patterns and send staircase rules optimization, and since learning of the elevator control rules evolution to adapt to environmental changes. people-oriented design of the elevator control system will enable the quality of service is getting better and better lifts. Lift people out of the lift failure has been plagued by the contractor, in the early 1980s to lift a lift manufacturers increased process monitoring system, installed in the lift Jiaoxiang camera and communications system, the passengers trapped Jiaoxiang surveillance personnel can establish contact with the building. As a result of this facility is limited to lift the building and the security personnel responsible for, once the storm lifts, have informed professionals to solve. Now the RMON service system in the long-range surveillance system is a step that sets advanced communications device, failure diagnosis, integrated microprocessors for its transmission line through the city, elevator operation and the failure of information to remote service centers (RMON lift maintenance center), elevator maintenance personnel to know the problem and how to deal with. If Jiaoxiang door failures were due to the occurrence of a specified level, long-range maintenance center under fault conditions judgement, may allow the use of remote-controlled door sedan chair to open the doors and floors, in the absence of maintenance personnel to the scene of trapped personnel can leave Jiaoxiang. If the failure of maintenance personnel to the scene only to be excluded, for the trapped personnel at the center to immediately broadcast the three Jiaoxiang voice lift tensions. RMON escalator installation, in addition to monitoring performance, monitoring repair center under the suddenly showed a rapid processing of information, so as to prevent injuries. Long-distance services to users benefit is obvious, not only to lift the RMON users receive a components, and allows users to enjoy a set of services. Distance maintenance control center always monitoring of their contract elevator, the lift ready to know the operation and failure attributes, maintenance personnel to failure staircase prior knowledge of the maintenance projects, reduced maintenance costs and service time, which pre-maintenance type of after-sale approach is highly popular abroad users trust, This will also be my lift an important direction for the development of industrial technology. From the environmental perspective, the green concept will become the new mainstream of the 21st century color, a global market for green business development will provide a vast space launch 21 giant green products, and capture the green marketing market will be able to sustain the initiative in the hands of the competition. Lift the total energy consumption of about building 3%7% it with the building functional, high floor area and trips. Measures to reduce energy lift is multifaceted. These mainly include : the full use of raw materials and re-use; Choose efficient drive systems, elevators and escalators in the optimal allocation of parameters; Elevator mechanical systems reduce inertia and friction resistance; Re-balance and re-use of reasonable; Entrance layout, trips and freight planning, the selection of energy-efficient lighting, which will need the lift in design optimization options and determine in advance. The group stops in less staircase layout, a server-driven operation is a two Jiaoxiang separately from the energy conservation programme. Another way is to reduce energy consumption in the course of operating the lift control. Use elevators empty uplink and downlink, full electrical power by the state characteristics of renewable energy will be fed back into the power grid, energy-saving measures such notable effect on the staircase at high speed. Another energy-saving programme will be realized in software control. If a real-time control of traffic patterns and try to lower operating frequency to carry more passengers to lift the stoppings to the minimum. Jiaoxiang elevator calls and registration instructions Ecumenical floors imported passenger elevator control programme is the way a revolutionary technology that enables passengers to the original layer station became clear unknown purpose layer, thereby enabling efficient control system to send staircase highest. Another measure to reduce operating efficiency of the operation is to lift up into a simple mode change speed parameters that elevator control system operational speed, acceleration and acceleration rate curve changes with the operation of both distance changes, but also with Jiaoxiang load changes. Through simulation software simulation, identify the best operation between different floors curve. Use the elevator machine rooms in the roof edge, making full use of solar energy as an elevator will also be added to the new study. In addition to the lift oil pollutio