【机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译】建筑物土建结构对电梯的影响
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机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译
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【机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译】建筑物土建结构对电梯的影响,机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译,机械类,毕业论文,中英文,对照,文献,翻译,建筑物,土建,结构,电梯,影响
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黄河科技学院毕业设计（文献翻译） 第 10 页Building on the influence of the elevator civil structureSummaryKeywords: building to the influence of the elevator civil structure, the bottomless pit depth, and the well word size With the development of The Times, the elevator of modern architecture as the indispensable traffic tools, the role of increasingly receive the attention of people. The choice of the elevator is reasonable configuration of the whole building have great influence on the traffic, so the choice of the elevator to the building with it is very important. And for the choice of configuring the decisive role of the building is civil structure. Because buildings once built, its very hard for bigger modification, therefore in the building when the design should give full consideration to how to meet the various parameters of the selected the elevator.So what we choose configuration parameters is decided the key to the elevator? We think, basically have the following points.1.The elevator well at the top of the way the height and depth of the pitTop height and the bottomless pit depth is the key to choose the elevator speed. In the elevator car height size when certain compartments, higher rated speed it need higher top level. Top height requirement is a GB7588-1995 in the provisions of article 5.7. Is: (1) when the heavy pressure in the buffer completely, (1) the guide rail cars can provide not less than 0.1 + 0.035 v2 (m) guidance trip; (2) the overhaul plane must be above the 1.0 + 0.035 v2 (m) of space: well the lowest parts (3) way to guide boots, traction rope accessories, vertical sliding door beams or distance between parts not less than 0.1 + 0.035 v2 (m), to the top of the distance between the equipment not less than 0.3 + 0.035 v2 (m); (4) compartments shall have a car above 0.5 m x 0.6 m x 0.8 m of space. (2) when the pressure in the compartments complete buffer, for heavy rail can provide not less than 0.1 + 0.035 v2 (m) guidance trip.Visible, the influence of the height of the main factors on the top of the car is a total height of the box. Because the present each elevator company, its height is little basic compartments, and so on the top floor of the height requirements about the same also. We often meet with top height is in 3.7-3.8 m or so well way, such a height is not processed cannot install the elevator. Finally, have to lower the elevator rated speed or will be at the top of the elevator down a level, with a layer of sacrifice service layer to make up for the deficiency of the top height. This price is very big. At the same time if take a layer of service layer reduced way, so after the transformation of top height will high (more than 6 m), wasted a lot of space. Of course, if the building top height shortage, but computer room height is very high, we can also hit the roof off the well way, will be part of the well out of the way to the telecom room to the top of the way to get high. But that is not only large quantities, and often the height also difficult to meet the requirements of computer room.Similarly, the bottomless pit depth design also must satisfy the relevant provisions of the GB7588-1995. Simply to say is: when the pressure in the compartments complete buffer, (1) of the bottomless pit shall have a 0.5 m x 0.6 m x 1.0 m of space; (2) the surface to guide the den boots, security clamp, the distance between the door parts not less than 0.1 m, to the other parts compartments not less than 0.5 m distance. As for the boots, security clamp, the influence factors of door parts generally can meet. This shows the actual effect of the key lies in the den depth requirements: (1) buffer is its compartments fully compressed out after its bottom to the way things well bottom distance; (2) on the layer smooth layer, the car compartments stretch into the abyss with buffer of height and empty cheng of the three. The analysis is not difficult to find, the two common will of the bottomless pit depth limit in a difficult to drastically reducing the scope of: if excessive reduce buffer height, its hard to meet the requirements before a; If excessive reduce empty process, and will make a violation of national conditions. We often meet at work: in the bottom pit depth is insufficient to ask if we can customers in the pit make hole, will be installed in the cave buffer, so as to solve the problem. But no matter how to install buffer, when the pressure in the bumpers compartments complete, the car to the bottom of the pit surface must conform to the national standard distance, this is a hard size. If the bottomless pit depth is really small; Cant meet the requirements, the only downward dig deep. But that bill and dont have to say, because most of the den is connected with the foundation, lane is bad to can also affect to the foundation of the building. Another way is toward the bottom layer hall can make a door is in steps, which make the compartments on the steps of flat, so as to get the necessary depth of the abyss. But the move will be affected by the high layer upon layer of restriction, and aesthetics are also affected. Of course, if the bottomless pit depth over the size of the need, can cause the empty box process more than national standard housings. In the more than few, we can increase through the base of the buffer solution; If it is too much, can only backfilling to the necessary depth of the bottomless pit.This shows, in the design of the building shall give due consideration to the top of the elevator need with the bottomless pit size, avoid dimensions are not appropriate and difficult to repair, awkward.2.Elevator well way size, shape and arrangement of theElevator well way sizes and shapes of influence the selection is the key to the load. International although elevator well to the size of the word no mandatory regulation, but for certain load for the elevator car but have clear compartments area restrictions. And because each manufacturer product all has its own compartments and well way standard, building the size of the word well often determines choose the type of elevator. There is no doubt that the same conditions of the greater weight to download the elevator well the way area. Some owners in order to save the building area, get more economic benefit, often will well built very small way area. However the elevator but need big load, obviously this is difficult to meet demand. The result is, or choose small load for elevator, or according to the existing Wells to the way designed compartments. Before a way affect buildings in the traffic condition; And then a way also only in existing Wells way size and manufacturer standard size difference to hit it to work, but also pay a special design of the cost. In addition, the smaller the well word generated during the running of the area in the elevator of the piston effect is more apparent, especially in the choice when high-speed lifts. The piston effect on one hand will increase the consumption of energy when elevator running, on the one hand, also can increase the elevator running noises. Of course, its not that well word size is larger is better. Well not only will waste way dimension to the use of building area, and sometimes because manufacturers cant provide the right guide bracket, will ask the owner in the well within the tao need to install the guide bracket place Settings beam, to provide the right size well way, thus virtually increased building costs. These are all in building design should be fully considered.Well way shape will also affect the choice of the elevator. Well within the tao from whether there is a beam and column structure, well way shape is rules, will affect the way of the well effective area. Too complicated way in elevator smoothly well also installation will adversely. As we all know, because the relationship between bearing, the wall in the lower part of the well with a top part often have different thickness. The more to the top, the thickness of the wall well the thin. This advantage is first to reduce costs, also can reduce the well the dead weight of the wall of basic pressure, so there is a cut way how well the problem of wall thickness. We often meet with word from a well inside the wall thickness of the reduction of the situation, that is, well within the tao is the size of the change, the top place well than size in the bottom of the word size. How do appear, this would give the elevator design and installation of the increase of trouble. In fact, if is to beautiful need not happen, because every layer wait ladder hall to the wall surface and its neighbors in the same layer is vertical surface, wait the ladder must wont pay attention. So if the reason for considering beautiful it is meaningless. But well within the tao for different, because the well within the tao of size change, elevator had to use a variety of installation guide bracket. More important, if the well before the way wall in the well within the tao direction changes, may bring more trouble. Because the article 5.4.3.2 GB7588-1995 regulations within the tao well with the surface to candy or axle box compartments door frame or the door the horizontal distance between compartments shall not be more than 0.15 m. So, in low well when the wall thick meet the national standard, but at the top because of the wall thickness in well well way inside direction decreases, and the cause of this gap than the national standard. So, use the most common remedy is to add defend the net. No matter what, have increased the difficulty of the elevator installed, it also increases the construction cost. So, well within the tao should ensure that the surface is a vertical, continuous surface so that in the selection and installation only when the ideal. In addition, the only effective way well area or not enough, still should choose according to need elevator type, consider other out of the tao well width and depth ratio. Generally speaking, the width and depth of the box is large, in and out of the passenger elevator is convenient, its compartments beautiful, easy to decorate; Conversely, easy to transport large objects. Therefore, office building, office building of elevator often choose a type and residential building before due to the needs of often choose after a type.3.The arrangement of elevator well way position and formThe elevator well way are positioned and structural type can also affect the configuration of the elevator, which affects the entire buildings in the traffic. If the same building with many Wells way, so these Wells are positioned way to a great extent determine the elevator control method. We all know, in order to improve the operation efficiency of the elevator, set in more lift should as far as possible when using but connected controlling or group control method. But if the well way arrangement inappropriate position, likely to reduce the operating efficiency of the lift, or cant but connected controlling or group control by the efficient control mode. For example, the same four Wells way, if the opposite side by side or arrangement, we can use group control method; If back to arrange, so most can only but connected controlling Taiwan 2; If each machine apart from a distance between middle or with an obstacle, Im afraid we can only choose single control type. So, the way to the elevator well decorated with the choice of which can not be negletable. So how should the distribution of elevator well way? We think that as much as possible to meet the needs of the traffic flow within the building. Generally speaking, the well way should try to close to the staff of the flow rate is greater place. When more concentrated set lift, due to consider to use but connected controlling or group control, at this time, the distance between the way well shoulds not be too big. Side by side of the distance between the word decorate well dont more than 8 m, opposite the well decorated more than 6 m way dont advisable. And, if the many sets of group control form, side by side the elevator sets more than four sets should not be, should adopt more opposite the layout model. At this time, wait ladder hall cant with pillars etc things out, also want to avoid the elevator entrance indented.Well the way structural type are often the most easy to ignore. Word of the elevator well the influence of the structure is well equipped with the strength of the main way whether meet the needs of the elevator to choose. The requirements for the den surface under force in chapter 5 GB7588-1995 comments a detailed calculation and discussed, when the design can consult. There is one kind of circumstance: at present a lot of elevator adopts Shared adjacent well the way way, way in well among steel beam erection installation guide bracket and obstruction. This advantage is certainly significant, not only lower the construction cost, reduce the pressure of foundation, also can effectively reduce the piston effect when the elevator operates. But in this series of interest, there is also noticeable problems, this is the middle of girder selection problem. Well among most of the steel beam erection word for the support of guide rail function, its strength is to ensure that can not be ignored. If strength is insufficient, the elevator in the operation of large steel will happen tremble, and the lead to the elevator vibration and noise increases, even in safety when device a safety hazard. If the building has been completed, the strength of the steel beam and it is difficult to replace insufficient, the only use it by lowering the elevator and the method of load for rated speed to make up for, but the expense the cost of traffic capacity.Can see from this, the elevator and the safe operation of the brand, not only the configuration and other relevant, and installation of buildings in civil structure have close relations, suggest that in the civil building design early, design personnel should fully consider the elevators installation requirements, in order to avoid the late electricity installation and operation appears more when the problem. 建筑物土建结构对电梯的影响摘要：关键词：建筑物土建结构对电梯的影响，底坑深度，井道尺寸随着时代的发展，电梯作为现代建筑中不可缺少的交通工具，其重要作用日益收到人们的关注。电梯的选择配置是否合理将对整个建筑内的交通状况产生重大影响，因此电梯的选择配置对建筑物来说是十分重要的。而对选择配置电梯起决定性作用的便是建筑物的土建结构。由于建筑物一旦建成，便很难进行较大的修改，故此在建筑物设计时应充分考虑如何满足所选电梯的各种参数。那么究竟哪些参数是决定我们选择配置电梯的关键呢？我们认为，主要有以下几点。1电梯井道的顶层高度及底坑深度顶层高度及底坑深度是选择电梯速度的关键。在电梯轿厢高度尺寸一定时，较高的额定速度必然需要较高的顶层高度。顶层高度的要求是有GB7588-1995中5.7条规定的。就是：（1）当对重完全压在缓冲器上时， 轿厢导轨能提供不小于0.1+0.035v2(m)的制导行程；轿顶检修平面上方必须有1.0+0.035v2(m)的空间：井道顶最低部件与导靴、曳引绳附件、垂直滑动门横梁或部件之间距离不小于0.1+0.035v2(m),至轿顶设备之间的距离不小于0.3+0.035v2(m);轿厢上方应有一个0.5m0.6m0.8m的空间。（2）当轿厢完全压在缓冲器上时，对重导轨能提供不小于0.1+0.035v2(m)的制导行程。可见，影响顶层高度的主要因素是轿厢的总高度。由于目前各电梯公司轿厢高度基本相差无几，因此对顶层高度的要求也差不多。我们经常遇到顶层高度在3.7-3.8m左右的井道，这样的高度不经处理是无法安装电梯的。最后，不得不降低电梯的额定速度或将电梯的顶层向下移一层，用牺牲一层服务层的办法弥补顶层高度的不足。这种代价是非常大的。同时如果采取减少一层服务层的办法，那么改造后的顶层高度将很高（超过6m）,白白浪费了大量空间。当然，如果建筑物顶层高度不足，但机房高度很高，我们也可以砸掉井道顶板，将部分井道凸出到机房内的手段获得需要的顶层高度。但这样不仅工程量较大，而且往往机房高度也难以满足要求。同样道理，底坑深度的设计也必须满足GB7588-1995的有关规定。简单地说就是：当轿厢完全压在缓冲器上时，（1）底坑中应有一个0.5m0.6m1.0m的空间；（2）底坑底面至导靴、安全钳、门部件之间的距离不小于0.1m，至轿厢其他部件距离不小于0.5m。至于导靴、安全钳、门部件的影响因素一般都可以满足。由此可见实际影响坑底深度要求的关键在于：（1）缓冲器被轿厢完全压缩后轿底凸出物至井道底面的距离；（2）在端层平层时，轿厢伸入底坑部分与缓冲器高度及空程三者之和。经分析不难发现，此俩者共同将底坑深度限定在一个难以大幅缩小的范围内：如果过度减小缓冲器高度，则难以满足前一条件要求；如果过度减小空程，又会使后一条件违反国标。我们在工作中常遇到这种情况：在底坑深度不足时客户向我们询问是否可以在底坑中打洞，将缓冲器安装在洞中，以便解决问题。但无论怎样安装缓冲器，当轿厢完全压在缓冲器上时，轿底至底坑表面的距离必须符合国标，这是个”硬尺寸”。如果底坑深度实在太小；无法满足要求，则只有向下刨深。但这样工程量且不必说，由于坑底多数是与基础相连的，弄不好还会影响到建筑物的基础。另一种办法是可以在下端层厅门处作一台阶，使轿厢在台阶上平层，借以取得需要的底坑深度。但此举会受到端层层高的制约，而且对美观方面也有影响。当然，如果底坑深度超过所需要的尺寸，有可能造成轿厢空程超过国标允许值。在超过不多的情况下，我们可以通过增加缓冲器底座的办法解决；如果超出太多，只能回填底坑至所需的深度。由此可见，建筑物在设计时应充分考虑到电梯所需要的顶层与底坑尺寸，避免尺寸不合适且难以补救的尴尬。2电梯井道的尺寸、形状及布置情况电梯井道的尺寸及形状是影响选择电梯载重量的关键。国际上虽然对电梯井道的尺寸没有强制性规定，但对一定载重量电梯的轿厢面积却有明确的限制。而且由于各厂家产品均有自己的轿厢及井道标准，建筑物井道的尺寸往往决定了选择电梯的种类。毫无疑问，同等条件下载重量越大的电梯所需的井道面积越大。有些业主为了节省建筑物面积，获取更大的经济效益，往往将井道面积建得很小。然而电梯却需要大载重量，显然这种需求难以满足的。结果是，要么选择小载重量的电梯，要么按照现有井道对轿厢进行特殊设计。前一种办法会影响建筑物中的交通状况；而后一种办法也只能在现有井道尺寸与厂家标准尺寸相差不打时才能奏效，而且还有付出一笔特殊设计的费用。另外，较小的井道面积在电梯运行时产生的活塞效应也比较明显，尤其是在选择高速电梯时。活塞效应一方面会增加电梯运行时能量的消耗，一方面也会增加电梯的运行噪声。当然，也不是说井道尺寸越大就越好。井道尺寸过大不但会浪费建筑物的使用面积，而且有时由于厂家无法提供合适的导轨支架，会
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