【机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译】数控技术与装备
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【机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译】数控技术与装备,机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译,机械类,毕业论文,中英文,对照,文献,翻译,数控技术,装备
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外文资料翻译数控技术与装备在我国,数控技术与装备的发展亦得到了高度重视,近年来取得了相当大的进步。特别是在通用微机数控领域,以PC平台为基础的国产数控系统,已经走在了世界前列。但是,我国在数控技术研究和产业发展方面亦存在不少问题,特别是在技术创新能力、商品化进程、市场占有率等方面情况尤为突出。在新世纪到来时,如何有效解决这些问题,使我国数控领域沿着可持续发展的道路,从整体上全面迈入世界先进行列,使我们在国际竞争中有举足轻重的地位,将是数控研究开发部门和生产厂家所面临的重要任务。为完成此任务,首先必须确立符合中国国情的发展道路。为此,本文从总体战略和技术路线两个层次及数控系统、功能部件、数控整机等几个具体方面探讨了新世纪的发展途径。1 总体战略制定符合中国国情的总体发展战略,对21世纪我国数控技术与产业的发展至关重要。通过对数控技术和产业发展趋势的分析和对我国数控领域存在问题的研究,我们认为以科技创新为先导,以商品化为主干,以管理和营销为重点,以技术支持和服务为后盾,坚持可持续发展道路将是一种符合我国国情的发展数控技术和产业的总体战略。1.1 以科技创新为先导中国数控技术和产业经过40多年的发展,从无到有,从引进消化到拥有自己独立的自主版权,取得了相当大的进步。但回顾这几十年的发展,可以看到我们在数控领域的进步主要还是按国外一些模式,按部就班地发展,真正创新的成分不多。这种局面在发展初期的起步阶段,是无可非议的。但到了世界数控强手如林的今天和知识经济即将登上舞台的新世纪,这一常规途径就很难行通了。例如,在国外模拟伺服快过时时,我们开始搞模拟伺服,还没等我们占稳市场,技术上就已经落后了;在国外将脉冲驱动的数字式伺服打入我国市场时,我们就跟着搞这类所谓的数字伺服,但至今没形成大的市场规模;近来国外将数字式伺服发展到用网络(通过光缆等)与数控装置连接时,我们又跟着发展此类系统,前途仍不乐观。这种老是跟在别人后面走,按国外已有控制和驱动模式来开发国产数控系统,在技术上难免要滞后,再加上国外公司在我国境内设立研究所和生产厂,实行就地开发、就地生产和就地销售,使我们的产品在性能价格比上已越来越无多大优势,因此要进一步扩大市场占有率,难度自然就很大了。为改变这种现状,我们必须深刻理解和认真落实“科学技术是第一生产力”的伟大论断,大力加强数控领域的科技创新,努力研究具有中国特色的实用的先进数控技术,逐步建立自己独立的、先进的技术体系。在此基础上大力发展符合中国国情的数控产品,从而形成从数控系统、数控功能部件到种类齐全的数控机床整机的完整的产业体系。这样,才不会被国外牵着鼻子,永远受别人的制约,才有可能用先进、实用的数控产品去收复国内市场,打开国际市场,使中国的数控技术和数控产业在21世纪走在世界的前列。1.2 将管理和营销作为产业发展重点 经过20来年市场风雨的冲击,国人已越来越认识到,技术固然重要,但在市场经济的环境下,要在激烈的全球竞争中获胜,管理和营销就显得更为重要。例如,我国台湾生产的数控机床不但占领了大陆市场的相当大的份额,而且还打进了美国市场。是台湾数控机床的技术和质量超过美国了吗?显然不是。那他们靠的是什么?重要的一条就是在企业管理和产品营销上下了工夫。而我们长期以来把主要精力放在开发技术和提高水平上,忽视了经营管理、市场开拓、产品营销等方面的工作,结果在新技术、新产品开发出来以后,在产品质量提高以后,企业仍然处于产品销售不畅的困境1。国内外的经验说明,数控产品的竞争力不仅取决于技术,更取决于经营管理能力和营销能力。1.3 大力加强技术支持和服务数控系统和数控机床作为典型的高技术产品,对用户的技术支持和服务是相当重要的。以前国产数控产品丧失信誉的原因,除可靠性问题外,另一大问题就是缺乏有力的技术支持和服务。用户花了很多钱买的数控机床或数控系统,一旦出现问题却叫天天不应,叫地地不灵,以后谁还敢买我们的产品。因此,应将对用户的技术支持和服务当成重要的日常工作来抓,使我们在市场上向纵深挺进时,有一个强大后方。因此,为了取得数控产品市场竞争的全面胜利,必须建立以技术支持和服务为核心的强大后方。当然,为赢得主动,后方也须主动出击。目前,利用先进的信息技术手段(如网络和多媒体),将为建立新一代立体化的技术支持和服务体系开辟新的途径。2 技术途径2.1 发展具有中国特色的新一代PC数控系统目前,PC数控系统的体系结构有2种主要形式:(1)专用数控加PC前端的复合式结构;(2)通用PC加位控卡的递阶式结构。另外还有一种正在发展的数字化分布式结构。其方案是将由DSP等组成的数字式伺服通过以光缆等为介质的网络与数控装置连接起来,组成一完整的数控系统。这种系统虽然性能很好,但由于开发和生产成本太高,近期难以被国内广大用户所接受。我们认为,上述结构并不是符合中国国情的最好方案,适合中国国情的应是将所有数控功能全软件化的集成式结构,因为这种结构的硬件规模最小,不但有利于降低系统成本,而且更重要的是可以有效提高系统的可靠性。2.2 推进数控功能部件的专业化生产在今后的若干年内,我们必须大力促进数控机床功能部件的开发和专业化生产。其要点如下:(1)新型永磁电主轴单元电主轴已成为国际市场上最热门的数控机床功能部件。但目前这类产品几乎都为感应异步型,存在以下突出问题:转子上存在绕组,有大电流流过,因此转子发热严重,直接影响主轴精度;低速出力小且转矩脉动大,难以满足宽范围切削要求;效率和功率因素低,不仅电机体积和重量大而且要求逆变器容量大、耗能多;控制系统复杂、成本高。(2)廉价的高性能伺服系统目前,一套进给交流伺服系统(驱动器+电机)的价格一般都在万元以上,主轴伺服系统的价格高达数万元,已成为降低国产数控机床成本的一大障碍。因此,应配合新型集成化国产数控系统的发展,大力开发廉价的高性能内装式伺服系统。由于内装式伺服的硬件部分只有电机和功率接口,充分利用我国的永磁资源优势,通过专业化生产可以把电机的造价降下来,而采用智能化的IPM模块作为功率接口也很便宜,因此将内装式进给伺服的价格控制在数千元以内,将内装式主轴伺服的价格控制在2万元以内,将是完全可能的。(3)直线交流伺服系统直线交流伺服系统是下一世纪数控机床不可缺少的功能部件,目前我国还没有成熟产品,因此应加强研究、开发和推广应用。考虑到常规机床的防磁问题较难解决,而并联机床的防磁相对容易,因此可为常规结构机床开发感应异步型直线电机,为并联结构机床开发永磁同步型直线电机,从而扬长避短,构成符合实际应用要求的新型高速高精度进给系统。在此基础上,可进一步开发将驱动与支承合二为一的磁悬浮工作台。(4)零传动数控转台与摆头数控转台与摆头是多坐标数控机床的关键部件,传统的采用高精度蜗杆蜗轮等传动的转台与摆头不仅制造难度大、成本高,而且难以达到高速加工所需的速度和精度,因而必须另辟蹊径开发新型零传动(无机械传动链)数控转台和摆头,以促进我国高速高精度多坐标数控机床的发展。(5)高速高精度检测装置高速高精度是下世纪数控机床发展的主题,这不但需要高性能的控制和驱动,同时还需要高品质的检测环节,因此应在现有技术基础上,进一步开发0.1m以上精度的高速(60m/min以上)线位移传感器和100万脉冲/r的角位移传感器,此类技术国外对我国是封锁的。3结语制定符合中国国情的总体发展战略,确立与国际接轨的发展道路,对21世纪我国数控技术与产业的发展至关重要。本文在对数控技术和产业发展趋势的分析,对我国数控领域存在的问题进行研究的基础上,对21世纪我国数控技术和产业的发展途径进行了探讨,提出了以科技创新为先导,以商品化为主干,以管理和营销为重点,以技术支持和服务为后盾,坚持可持续发展道路的总体发展战略。在此基础上,研究了发展新型数控系统、数控功能部件、数控机床整机等的具体技术途径。- 4 -外文资料翻译NC technology and equipment数控技术与装备In China, the development of NC technology and equipment has been attached great importance to the considerable progress made in recent years. Especially in the common areas of computer numerical control, PC-based CNC system made that we have been in the forefront of the world. However, the technology research and industrial development in NC is also plagued with problems, especially in the technical innovation capability commercialization process, and other aspects of market share is particularly prominent. At the dawn of the new century, how to effectively address these issues, NC areas along the path of sustainable development in China. into the overall comprehensive advanced in the world, so we have a pivotal position in international competition. NC will be the research and development sector and the important tasks facing manufacturers.在我国,数控技术与装备的发展亦得到了高度重视,近年来取得了相当大的进步。特别是在通用微机数控领域,以PC平台为基础的国产数控系统,已经走在了世界前列。但是,我国在数控技术研究和产业发展方面亦存在不少问题,特别是在技术创新能力、商品化进程、市场占有率等方面情况尤为突出。在新世纪到来时,如何有效解决这些问题,使我国数控领域沿着可持续发展的道路,从整体上全面迈入世界先进行列,使我们在国际竞争中有举足轻重的地位,将是数控研究开发部门和生产厂家所面临的重要任务。 In order to complete this task, we must first establish a path of development suited to Chinas national conditions. In this paper, two from the line overall strategic and technical level and CNC systems, components, NC components discussed several specific aspects of development in the new century means. 为完成此任务,首先必须确立符合中国国情的发展道路。为此,本文从总体战略和技术路线两个层次及数控系统、功能部件、数控整机等几个具体方面探讨了新世纪的发展途径。1 overall strategy1 总体战略Conform to the overall development strategy of Chinas national conditions, technology and industry in the 21st century, China is of vital importance to the development of NC. NC technology and industrial development through trend analysis and the study of the NC field. We believe that technology innovation lead to the commercialization of the trunk for the management and marketing focus technical support and services as a backup, adhere to the road of sustainable development in China would be a CNC technology and industrial development of the overall strategy.制定符合中国国情的总体发展战略,对21世纪我国数控技术与产业的发展至关重要。通过对数控技术和产业发展趋势的分析和对我国数控领域存在问题的研究,我们认为以科技创新为先导,以商品化为主干,以管理和营销为重点,以技术支持和服务为后盾,坚持可持续发展道路将是一种符合我国国情的发展数控技术和产业的总体战略。 1.1 technology innovation lead1.1 以科技创新为先导NC technologies and industries in China after 40 years of development, from scratch. From the introduction and assimilation of the independent copyright to have its own independent, has made considerable progress. But looking back several decades to develop, we can see the progress in the field of NC mainly by foreign models. step-by-step development of truly innovative small components. This situation started in the early development stage, is beyond reproach. But NC competitors such as forests in the world today and the knowledge economy is about to mount the stage in the new century. The conventional way on the difficult trip through. For example, in foreign obsolete faster servo simulation, we have been making servo simulation, so we have not accounted for stable market already technically backward; Pulse abroad to digital servo drive into the Chinese market, We will engage with these so-called digital servo, but the market has not been formed; Recently abroad will be used to develop digital servo network (via cable) and NC devices connected, We follow the development of such systems, the future is not encouraging. This always go with the others behind, already under foreign control and driven model to the development of domestic CNC system bound to lag behind in technology, coupled with foreign companies to set up their research and production plants in China, the implementation of development locally, local production and local sales, our products are getting little advantage in cost performance, Therefore, in order to further expand its market share, on the very nature of the difficulty. 中国数控技术和产业经过40多年的发展,从无到有,从引进消化到拥有自己独立的自主版权,取得了相当大的进步。但回顾这几十年的发展,可以看到我们在数控领域的进步主要还是按国外一些模式,按部就班地发展,真正创新的成分不多。这种局面在发展初期的起步阶段,是无可非议的。但到了世界数控强手如林的今天和知识经济即将登上舞台的新世纪,这一常规途径就很难行通了。例如,在国外模拟伺服快过时时,我们开始搞模拟伺服,还没等我们占稳市场,技术上就已经落后了;在国外将脉冲驱动的数字式伺服打入我国市场时,我们就跟着搞这类所谓的数字伺服,但至今没形成大的市场规模;近来国外将数字式伺服发展到用网络(通过光缆等)与数控装置连接时,我们又跟着发展此类系统,前途仍不乐观。这种老是跟在别人后面走,按国外已有控制和驱动模式来开发国产数控系统,在技术上难免要滞后,再加上国外公司在我国境内设立研究所和生产厂,实行就地开发、就地生产和就地销售,使我们的产品在性能价格比上已越来越无多大优势,因此要进一步扩大市场占有率,难度自然就很大了。To change this situation, we have a deep understanding of and seriously implement the Science and technology are the primary productive forces great thesis NC greatly strengthen the field of science and technology innovation with Chinese characteristics and practical efforts to study the advanced technology NC, gradually establish its own independent, advanced technology system. On this basis the NC vigorously develop products in line with Chinas national conditions, which formed from the NC system NC components to the full range of CNC machine tool integrated industrial system. In this way, it will not be foreign to lead the nose, always constrained by the others, is it possible to use advanced, NC practical products to recover the domestic market, the world market, NC NC technology and Chinas industries at the forefront of the 21st century. 为改变这种现状,我们必须深刻理解和认真落实“科学技术是第一生产力”的伟大论断,大力加强数控领域的科技创新,努力研究具有中国特色的实用的先进数控技术,逐步建立自己独立的、先进的技术体系。在此基础上大力发展符合中国国情的数控产品,从而形成从数控系统、数控功能部件到种类齐全的数控机床整机的完整的产业体系。这样,才不会被国外牵着鼻子,永远受别人的制约,才有可能用先进、实用的数控产品去收复国内市场,打开国际市场,使中国的数控技术和数控产业在21世纪走在世界的前列。1.2 focus on the development of management and marketing as an industry 1.2 将管理和营销作为产业发展重点After some 20 years of market impact of the storm, people have become increasingly aware that technology is important, But in the market economy environment, to victory in the intense global competition, management and marketing will become even more important. For example, Chinas CNC machine tool production in Taiwan is not only occupying a large share of the mainland market. also moved into the United States market. Taiwan CNC machine tool technology and quality than the United States? Clearly not. That is what they rely on? The important thing is to make the enterprise management and product marketing efforts. And our long-standing efforts mainly on the development of skills and raise the level, to the neglect of management, market development, Product marketing, and other aspects of the work, resulting in new technologies, develop new products, improve product quality, still at the plight of sluggish sales of enterprise products 1. Domestic experience shows that the competitiveness of their products depends not only on NC technology, and more on management and ability. 经过20来年市场风雨的冲击,国人已越来越认识到,技术固然重要,但在市场经济的环境下,要在激烈的全球竞争中获胜,管理和营销就显得更为重要。例如,我国台湾生产的数控机床不但占领了大陆市场的相当大的份额,而且还打进了美国市场。是台湾数控机床的技术和质量超过美国了吗?显然不是。那他们靠的是什么?重要的一条就是在企业管理和产品营销上下了工夫。而我们长期以来把主要精力放在开发技术和提高水平上,忽视了经营管理、市场开拓、产品营销等方面的工作,结果在新技术、新产品开发出来以后,在产品质量提高以后,企业仍然处于产品销售不畅的困境1。国内外的经验说明,数控产品的竞争力不仅取决于技术,更取决于经营管理能力和营销能力。1.3 vigorously strengthen technical support and services 1.3大力加强技术支持和服务CNC systems and CNC machine tool as a typical high-tech products, technical support and service to customers is important. NC products made before the loss of credibility because, in addition to reliability problems, Another big problem is the lack of strong technical support and services. Users spent a lot of money to buy a digital machine or CNC system, but a case of not if there is a problem, the other way to express. After what do dares to buy our products. Therefore, users should be on the day-to-day technical support and services as an important task. depth in the market to enable us to move into, a powerful rear. Therefore, in order to achieve a complete victory in NC product market competition. the importance of building a strong core of technical support and services for the rear. Of course, to gain the initiative, the rear must also take the initiative to attack. Currently, the use of advanced information technologies (such as network and multimedia). will be a new generation of three-dimensional technical support and services to open up new channels. 数控系统和数控机床作为典型的高技术产品,对用户的技术支持和服务是相当重要的。以前国产数控产品丧失信誉的原因,除可靠性问题外,另一大问题就是缺乏有力的技术支持和服务。用户花了很多钱买的数控机床或数控系统,一旦出现问题却叫天天不应,叫地地不灵,以后谁还敢买我们的产品。因此,应将对用户的技术支持和服务当成重要的日常工作来抓,使我们在市场上向纵深挺进时,有一个强大后方。因此,为了取得数控产品市场竞争的全面胜利,必须建立以技术支持和服务为核心的强大后方。当然,为赢得主动,后方也须主动出击。目前,利用先进的信息技术手段(如网络和多媒体),将为建立新一代立体化的技术支持和服务体系开辟新的途径。2 Technical Approach 2 技术途径2.1 Development of a new generation of PC CNC system with Chinese characteristics 2.1 发展具有中国特色的新一代PC数控系统Currently, PC NC system architecture has two main forms : (1) front-end dedicated PC plus a composite structure NC; (2) increasing the common PC Card hierarchical control structure. There are a number of distributed architecture development. DSP program is to be composed of digital servo through the media, such as fiber optic cables to connect devices and the digital network, NC formed a complete system. While this performance is very good, but due to development and production costs are too high, the recent difficult to be accepted by domestic users. We believe that this structure is not the best program that conforms to Chinas national conditions. All are suited to Chinas national conditions NC will be integrated functionality of the software structure, This is because the structure of the smallest hardware, it will not only be beneficial to reducing the cost of the system, but, more importantly, be able to effectively improve the reliability of the system. 目前,PC数控系统的体系结构有2种主要形式:(1)专用数控加PC前端的复合式结构;(2)通用PC加位控卡的递阶式结构。另外还有一种正在发展的数字化分布式结构。其方案是将由DSP等组成的数字式伺服通过以光缆等为介质的网络与数控装置连接起来,组成一完整的数控系统。这种系统虽然性能很好,但由于开发和生产成本太高,近期难以被国内广大用户所接受。我们认为,上述结构并不是符合中国国情的最好方案,适合中国国情的应是将所有数控功能全软件化的集成式结构,因为这种结构的硬件规模最小,不但有利于降低系统成本,而且更重要的是可以有效提高系统的可靠性。2.2 promote the production of specialized components NC 2.2 推进数控功能部件的专业化生产In the next few years, we must vigorously promote the development of components for CNC machine tools and specialized production. The main points are as follows : 在今后的若干年内,我们必须大力促进数控机床功能部件的开发和专业化生产。其要点如下:(1) New permanent magnet motor spindle axis on the international market has become the most popular components for CNC machine tools. But almost all of these products asynchronous induction type, the following problems exist : rotor windings, a large current flow. So rotor fever, directly affecting precision spindle; Second, small and low-speed torque ripple country, Cutting difficult to meet the wide range; efficiency and low power factor. but not motor size and weight requirements of inverter capacity, and more energy; control system is complicated and costly. (1)新型永磁电主轴单元电主轴已成为国际市场上最热门的数控机床功能部件。但目前这类产品几乎都为感应异步型,存在以下突出问题:转子上存在绕组,有大电流流过,因此转子发热严重,直接影响主轴精度;低速出力小且转矩脉动大,难以满足宽范围切削要求;效率和功率因素低,不仅电机体积和重量大而且要求逆变器容量大、耗能多;控制系统复杂、成本高。(2) low-cost, high-performance servo system now. a feed AC servo system (motor + drive) prices in general are more than 50,000. axis servo system prices as high as several million domestic CNC machine tools to reduce costs has become a major obstacle. Therefore, in line with the new integrated domestic CNC systems, and vigorously develop low-cost, high-performance servo system contents. As part of the contents of the hardware only servo motor and power interface, and make full use of Chinas advantages in resources PM, Motor through specialized production costs can be reduced. and the use of IPM as an intelligent interface is also very cheap power. So will the contents of feed servo-controlled prices within a few thousand dollars. Built-axis servo control will be in the price below 20,000 yuan, it will be entirely possible. (2)廉价的高性能伺服系统目前,一套进给交流伺服系统(驱动器+电机)的价格一般都在万元以上,主轴伺服系统的价格高达数万元,已成为降低国产数控机床成本的一大障碍。因此,应配合新型集成化国产数控系统的发展,大力开发廉价的高性能内装式伺服系统。由于内装式伺服的硬件部分只有电机和功率接口,充分利用我国的永磁资源优势,通过专业化生产可以把电机的造价降下来,而采用智能化的IPM模块作为功率接口也很便宜,因此将内装式进给伺服的价格控制在数千元以内,将内装式主轴伺服的价格控制在2万元以内,将是完全可能的。(3) linear AC servo system linear AC servo system is an indispensable function of the next century CNC machine tool components, At present China has not yet mature product, it should strengthen research, development and application. Taking into account the conventional machine steering problem more difficult to resolve, and the steering is relatively easy parallel machine, Therefore machine structure for the development of conventional induction linear induction motor. Parallel to the development of permanent magnet synchronous linear motor machine, thereby amplify constitute a practical application of high-speed and high-precision requirements of the new feeding system. On this basis, further development will be driven by a combination of magnetic and supported platforms. (3)直线交流伺服系统直线交流伺服系统是下一世纪数控机床不可缺少的功能部件,目前我国还没有成熟产品,因此应加强研究、开发和推广应用。考虑到常规机床的防磁问题较难解决,而并联机床的防磁相对容易,因此可为常规结构机床开发感应异步型直线电机,为并联结构机床开发永磁同步型直线电机,从而扬长避短,构成符合实际应用要求的新型高速高精度进给系统。在此基础上,可进一步开发将驱动与支承合二为一的磁悬浮工作台。(4) Zero-drive turntable with the NC NC Rocker and Rocker turntable is the key component of multi-axis CNC machine tool. The use of such traditional high precision worm-gear drive turntable with Rocker has not only caused great difficulties, high costs, it is difficult to achieve high-speed processing of the necessary speed and accuracy, Transmission is therefore necessary to develop new alternatives (without mechanical transmission chain) and NC Turntable Rocker. China to promote the development of high-speed and high-precision multi-axis CNC machine tool.(4)零传动数控转台与摆头数控转台与摆头是多坐标数控机床的关键部件,
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