【机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译】机械工业近期行业技术发展重点
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机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译
机械类
毕业论文
中英文
对照
文献
翻译
机械工业
近期
行业
技术发展
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【机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译】机械工业近期行业技术发展重点,机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译,机械类,毕业论文,中英文,对照,文献,翻译,机械工业,近期,行业,技术发展,重点
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Chapter 1 Industry and Technology Development Status Machinery industry is the provision of technical equipment for the national economy and peoples lives for the provision of consumer durable goods, equipment industry. National economic departments production and technological progress and economic benefits of high and low, to a large extent it depends on the use of the machinery and equipment and the performance and quality, machine-building industry is the skill level of a countrys technological level and economic strength of one of the important symbols. After nearly 50 years of development, Chinas machinery industry has become a considerable size in the industry and certain technical basis of one of the largest industries. 1997 sales income 1.3651 trillion yuan, accounting for 21 percent of the national industry; profits 25.7 billion yuan, 62.1 billion yuan tax, which accounted for 15 percent of the national industry; export 36.3 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 20 per cent of foreign trade exports. Its growth rate higher than the same period the average industrial growth rate. In recent years, the machinery industrial enterprises in the development of independent innovation capability has increased, scientific and technical personnel in 1997 amounted to 480,000 the total number of people, technology development expenditures amounted to 8.5 billion yuan, the industry-wide sales revenue of 0.62 percent, with 57 large enterprises to establish a national - Class technology center, nine percent of the enterprises set up special technology development institutions, the overall technological level of industries with significant progress, the main problems: the national economy to provide complete sets of equipment and vehicles have greater ability to improve the product structure being rationalized Direction. Although the machinery industrys integrated technical level in recent years has significantly increased, compared with the industrialized countries, there is a stage in the gap. The main question is: 1. Scientific and technological progress of the machinery industrys contribution to the growth rate at present is only 34 percent in advanced countries are as high as 70 percent. 2. Product design technology, manufacturing technology and equipment, manufacturing process automation technology, management, backward technology, mechanical products is restricting the level of the main factors. 3. Mechanical products of high technological level, to the late 1980s and early 1990s, the international advanced level of only 18 percent to the mid-1980s the international level of 27 per cent and the remaining products in the 1980s before the level of online. Overall, machinery industrial technological development capability and technical foundation is weak, the development potential shortage of technology sources rely mainly on the introduction of foreign technology, the higher the degree of dependence on foreign technology, the introduction of technology digestion and absorption are still in control technology and has been Guochanhuashuai increase, the products did not rise to the formation of independent development capability and a high degree of technological innovation capabilityChapter II of the overall objectives of technological development To CNC machine tools, power electronics applications and automation technology, large-scale agricultural machinery and construction machinery, car key technology, environmental protection equipment in five aspects as a key to the development and application of advanced manufacturing technology as a means to high-tech industries and products into The breakthrough point, to enhance their technological innovation capacity and competitiveness as the goal, enhance their level of technological innovation. By 2001, to provide 1,000 kinds of independent intellectual property rights and greater potential for market demand of products. The main products reached 40 percent of species of the early 1990s, the international standard, five percent up to international advanced level, 90 percent of key enterprise product standards close to or reached advanced international business standards.Chapter III of technological development in the direction and focus 3.1 to CNC machine tools as the representative of the basic machinery NC machine tools is the foundation of advanced manufacturing machinery, is the most typical variety, low-volume, high-tech electromechanical integration of the products. The world annual production of CNC machine tools more than 150,000 Taiwan, more than 1,500 kinds of species. 1997 Chinas output of CNC machine tools has reached 9051 Taiwan (accounting for over 20 percent of total output value of machine tools), but because China-made CNC machine tools can not meet the market demand in the domestic market share decline year by year, a year still importing large quantities of CNC machine tools, A substantial increase in the amount of imports. 1996 imports amounted to 13,924 Taiwan (worth 1.246 billion U.S. dollars). At present, Chinas CNC machine tool technology in the development of the main problems are: (1) maturity poor, reliability is not high CNC average foreign trouble-free time (MTBF) in more than 10,000 hours, the domestic independent development of numerical control system only 3,000 to 5,000 hours;整机trouble-free an average working hours of 800 hours over foreign and domestic best only 300 hours. (2) less product variety, can not meet the market demand Foreign NC machine tools has reached 1,500 kinds of species, only 500 domestic and low levels of performance, high-speed, highly efficient, almost no high-precision products. (3) low innovation capacity, are on the market CNC machine tool production of the enterprises must raise about 8 per though, but most have failed to scale production, poor corporate efficiency, low innovation capacity, high manufacturing costs, product market competitiveness is not strong. (4) the professionalization of CNC machine tools industry spare parts and components produced in collaboration supporting system is not perfect, most businesses are Dear Quean, the small but complete model of the structure. CNC machine tools in Chinas recent development, to take the High-tracking the development of universal, and expand economic, universal-oriented strategy, focusing on development: (1) application of economic, Damian-volume products The universal application of economic CNC lathes, machining centers, CNC milling machine. (2) high-speed, efficient and dedicated, complete sets of CNC machine tools High-speed, efficient CNC lathes and machining centers; efficient NC forging equipment, including that automatically for the first punching machine, the composite flexible stamping center, four sides bending machines; large precision molds NC equipment, including several - Profile milling machines and gantry milling machine, intelligent processing, machine tools, etc. (3) of CNC machine tools specialized support system NC Servo System and a new generation of products, high-speed spindle CNC machine tools, electric spindle motor products; manipulator NC machine tools, knives and the driving force Turret products; high-speed CNC machine tool parts and accessories supporting products which Including, high-speed ball screw, high-speed ceramic bearings, protective devices, such as high-speed products. Development Goals: (1) to foster the economic development of key enterprises apply, Damian wide of the NC machine tools and of mass production, so that the products of these enterprises have significantly increased market share, abrand-name products; (2) the development of dozens of high-speed, highly efficient, dedicated, complete sets of CNC machine tools series of new varieties to meet the automotive, agricultural machinery, aviation, mold, and other industry needs; (3) of CNC machine tools supporting key products: NC system, meet the domestic CNC machine tools 50 percent of the matching demand and high-speed main spindle with an annual output of 1,000 sets of mechanical hand, the knife, power tool carrier and supporting high-speed CNC machine tools Parts, accessories series of products to meet domestic demand for 50% of the supporting3.2 power electronic applications and automation technology Power electronics technology is set microelectronics, computers and automation technology in an integrated technology, energy-saving materials is the one of the best technology. At present, foreign power electronics technology has been developed to the IGBT as the representative to the third generation, power electronics and smart development of the times, our country is still in the SCR as the representative to the second generation. Domestic varieties to meet the power electronics market rate of only 35 per cent, new products market is basically occupied by foreign products. Field Bus-Bus smart instrumentation and automatic test system is set automation technology, computer technology and communication technology in one of the new generation of automated instrumentation systems, automation technology has become the worldwide development of the hot and contemporary industrial automation is the main hallmark. China still in the system from analog to digital dashboard instrumentation systems transition module hybrid instrument system stage, behind the level of 10 to 15, low-technology products in the market still occupied about 80 percent share, but in high-tech products market The share of less than 60 percent, the new product markets for foreign products for almost the entire occupation. Therefore, seize the current opportunity in two to three years to IGBT, Fieldbus smart instrumentation and automatic test system for the breakthrough, capturing key technologies and products and to achieve industrialization. The key development areas: (1) IGBT devices and devices, high-power devices and SCR Developing a new generation of bipolar transistors IGBT, high-quality high-current, such as high-power IGBT SCR manufacturing technology and the development of Frequency Control device, switch power inverter, high-capacity filter sources such as the entire application. (2) Fieldbus intelligent instrument Development of transmission, implementation, support and other types of Fieldbus instrumentation. Products industrialization of technological development and demonstration projects of applied research. (3) Automatic measuring instrument systems and equipment Bus-developed the basis automatic test system products, a moderate scale, while machinery and electrical products and for the establishment of social welfare undertakings of the typical automatic test system, to model and promote the use of.3.3 large-scale agricultural machinery and construction machinery 3.31 Agricultural Machinery Agricultural Machinery products in the industrialized countries continue to adopt a new technology based on the industry are environmental direction. China has been able to produce 14 categories, more than 3,000 varieties of agricultural machinery products, but products of integrated technical level equivalent to only the level of foreign 1970s. The main question is: 1) product level is not high, incomplete varieties comprehensive technical and economic indicators backward, poor reliability and short life. A tractor as an example, MTBF values abroad can reach more than 330 hours, but China only 100 hours. Variety: the lack of large and small miscellaneous, not series. 2)The production to achieve economy of scale of less duplication of production, small-scale production, it is difficult to guarantee quality. Farm Machinery key development areas: 1) To promote the industrialization of agricultural production of large and medium-sized tractor and a tractor tools trouble-free time from an average of 110 hours to 300 hours or more. 2) Combine the reliability coefficient of combine harvesters from 0.5 to 0.7 to 0.9 above; 3) major agricultural products processing machinery (including dry storage machinery) and the industrialization of rural central and western regions become prosperous in need of deep processing of agricultural machinery; 4) water-saving irrigation equipment spray, drip irrigation equipment will be the effective utilization of water from the flood Manguan 40 percent to more than 80 percent. The use of agricultural machinery products and the reliability of life indicators generally improve more than doubled, the main products of the technical standards with international standards.3.32 Construction Machinery Construction machinery and the national economy is large-scale construction projects must be of key equipment. China has initially have 16 categories, more than 3,100 different specifications of the product production capacity of some products have begun to enter the international market. But with the development of the national economy and international advanced level, compared to the gap is big. First, the integrated products of high technological level, in particular the quality of the product, life expectancy, reliability, safety and comfort, and other indicators, such as high-tech electromechanical integration and application of advanced foreign standards also is a wide gap between the second is structural products Shortage of packages of services is poor, far can not meet the needs, such as road construction machinery largely depends on imports; Third, most of the production of small scale enterprises, constraining the industry to further improve economic efficiency. Focus on the development of construction machinery: 1) bulldozers, hydraulic excavators and wheel loaders; 2) truck crane, forklift large; 3) paver, roller; 4) No excavation for the laying of pipelines; 5) the rivers, lakes dredging equipment. Development Goals: Large-scale construction machinery reliability index reached 400 hours, life indicators have reached 10,000 hours.3.4 sedan key technologies Chinas automobile industry to long-term truck as the main product of reform and opening up, the car has been rapid development of products. 1998 car output reached 520,000. Chinas automobile industry the main problems: (1) duplicate construction, causing disorderly competition, difficult to concentrate on a power play of scale. (2)Weak independent development capabilities, the majority of enterprises 9th Five-Year period is still a strong bias towards the production processes to be transformed, including the majority of Sino-foreign joint venture enterprises parts of the product development capacity-building almost no input. At present, the domestic passenger car products do not have the self-development capacity, electromechanical integration of high-tech parts must also introduce advanced technology products. Car recent focus on development: (1) economic cars To car body to make a breakthrough, combining the use Jimao, cooperation with foreign companies, including through the body to grasp the joint development, economic cars and the establishment of the common design database, with the CAS, CAD, CAE, CAM, and other technical integration, forming Chinas automobile industry Economic cars in the independent development capability. (2) car powertrain Digest and absorb foreign technology and foreign enterprises strength of the joint venture, cooperation, joint development and in domestic gasoline engine on the universal electronic control fuel injection technology (EMS), and research and development of direct injection (GDI) technology, development and application of electronic control machinery Transmission (AMT) technology. (3) car key parts To electromechanical integration automotive electronics components as a breakthrough point, from the introduction of technology, starting with a joint venture, to ensure a high starting point, high-volume, specialized production at the same time, efforts should be concentrated on the next generation step up research and development of new products and applications, with a focus on prevention, control Baosi braking system (ABS), airbags (Air Bag), high efficiency and stability of ternary automobile exhaust catalytic converters and achieve synchronization with the vehicle ahead or development. (4)High value-added specialized vehicles and minibuses Special focus on the development of various types of high-performance chassis. The Special Purpose Vehicle to lower the chassis of vehicles and desert off-road vehicles mainly low-floor bus to the main city bus, requires a good dynamic, handling, comfort and low pollution.3.5 environmental protection equipment Environmental protection industry is the prevention and treatment of environmental pollution and improved the ecological environment and promote optimal allocation of resources, comprehensive utilization of resources to support the pillar industries. The world of environmental protection machinery of the annual sales of about 200 billion U.S. dollars, concentrated in the United States, Europe, Japan and other developed economies. Chinas environmental protection machinery industry based on the weak, late start, the annual output value over 100 billion yuan only. With all the face of the increasing emphasis on environmental protection, the implementation of the strategy of sustainable development, market demand is growwing, environmental protection machinery machinery industry will become new points of economic growth. Environmental protection machinery industry is the main difference: (1) product structure is irrational, less variety Larger proportion of primary products, with the contemporary level of integration of mechanical and electrical products less urgent need of large complete sets of equipment can not meet the real needs of the market. In the current more than 3,000 kinds of environmental protection machinery products, about one-fifth of the product because of performance, reliability, suitability, structural design, and other factors, should limit production deadlines or eliminated. Large-scale flue gas desulphurization, nitrogen and complete sets of equipment, large urban sewage treatment plant complete sets of equipment, large-scale urban garbage treatment plant complete sets of equipment currently relies mainly on imports, high concentrations of organic wastewater, industrial wastewater treatment refractory Slow development of technology and equipment. (2)Product quality and technical level than the advanced international level behind 20 A considerable number of products no industry or national standards, product specifications models, the basic performance parameters are not unified, quality testing without basis. (3) Manufacturing enterprises are small, weak development capacity Small in scale, poor equipment, means of detecting the failure of SMEs industry-wide 78 per cent of the total number of enterprises. In more than 30 million yuan in output value of enterprises accounted for only 3.2 percent of the entire industry, and are mainly con
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