【机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译】涡旋压缩机渐开线齿形的快速测量
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机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译
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【机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译】涡旋压缩机渐开线齿形的快速测量,机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译,机械类,毕业论文,中英文,对照,文献,翻译,涡旋,压缩机,渐开线,齿形,快速,测量
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附录1：外文翻译涡旋压缩机渐开线齿形的快速测量涡旋压缩机广泛应用于空调、真空泵等。涡旋压缩机齿形的快速测量对提高压缩机的压缩效率和降低噪声具有重要意义。用红宝石接触探针测量齿廓。探头沿着X轴以匀速直线滑动。涡旋工件固定在精密旋转台上。舞台的旋转速度与X轴移动速度符合阿基米德曲线之间的关系。分析了快速测量系统的测量数据，通过补偿回转中心与工件中心坐标之间的偏移量，消除了测量误差。将测量结果与商业坐标测量机（CMM）测量结果进行了比较。利用研制的快速测量系统，在测量精度保持不变的情况下，利用CMM 10分钟测量时间，将涡旋渐开线轮廓的测量时间缩短到153秒。关键词：涡旋型线、误差分离、渐开线齿廓，涡旋压缩机，快速测量1引言涡旋压缩机通过滚动滚动的运动来压缩空气。高气压的空气通过轨道滚动从放电口排出。涡旋压缩机具有扭矩变化小、振动小、噪声小等优点。由于抽吸和排出口之间没有直接的流体通路也可以实现高效率。（一）主要表现为两种泄漏和传动原理两卷轴。图1（b）给出了包括内渐开线轮廓、外渐开线轮廓和非渐开线齿廓在内的齿廓测量。其中的泄漏是由这两种涡旋叶片的侧面之间的间隙引起的侧漏。另一个是由端板和卷轴的涡旋叶片之间的间隙引起的叶尖泄漏。这些泄漏的增加能使制造精度。快速测量高度和侧面轮廓对减少制造误差非常重要。传统上，用坐标测量机（CMM）测量涡旋齿廓，费时费力。三坐标测量机的测量时间不能满足在线加工测量要求 3 。本文研制了一种快速、准确的内、外渐开线涡旋型线轮廓测量系统。通过仿真分析测量误差。将快速测量系统的测量结果与三坐标测量机的测量结果进行了比较。经验证，开发的快速测量系统能满足要求的测量精度（3m）和测量时间（每件300秒/）。2、测量系统和测量方法图2显示固定滚动平台的开发的快速测量系统。测量系统由图-阶段和接触式扫描探针。由于滚动在线加工测量的空间非常有限，因此基于圆度测量系统开发了快速测量系统。测量系统的尺寸非常小。固定的卷轴用两个锥形销固定在旋转台上。舞台旋转角度分辨率为0.0025度。这个x轴可以由精密控制板移动。在测量涡旋型线时，采用PID控制器（4）控制旋转轴的运动速度和转速。因此，该测量系统可以实现精确定位。定位误差小到可以忽略。每个编码器的位置由每个编码器测量，并通过多轴控制板进入个人计算机。 考虑到切削油和切屑的影响，在研制的测量系统中采用了以球型红宝石制成的接触式位移探头。在X轴端固定探头用于扫描安装在旋转台上的侧面渐开线齿形。 5 一个直径为5毫米的红宝石球附着在探测轴的末端。扫描探针球在XYZ方向上有三个刻度。x和y方向的输出被用来测量渐开线轮廓，Z方向的输出用来确定z轴的摩擦。探头的电压输出通过A/D转换器传输到个人计算机中 6, 7, 8 。的分辨率和探测范围为0.1M和1毫米，分别。测量力约为0.12 N。根据所需的测量时间，旋转台的转速设定为20度/秒。滚动半径的增量可以用下面的等式来描述。R 1 R 2=一（21）/ 180（1）根据方程（1），可以计算X轴的运动速度。x轴运动速度为0.7923毫米/秒。基本圆的渐开线螺旋线可以用下面的方程来描述（2）。X=一 COS（+）+（+）（2）Y=一罪（+）COS（+）其中，一个是基圆半径，是渐开线涡旋角，是出发点的角度为渐开线齿廓。涡旋极角与涡旋角的关系可用以下方程描述：（3）。=+（）（3）在那里，是每个测点和滚动角是每个测点的极角。每个测量点的理论渐开线滚动半径可以用方程（2）和方程（3）。测量的滚动半径可以通过探头编码器和X轴编码器输出得到。轮廓误差可以用下面的公式来描述（4）。rerror=RTHrmea（4）在那里，rerror是渐开线齿形误差，在理论滚动极半径；rmea卷轴极半径测量。同样的滚动样品也被测量以比较由商业CMM，它安装在一个温度控制计量室。CMM的探测精度为0.6M.3、测量结果和误差分析无误差分离的测量结果利用研制的快速测量系统测量了固定涡卷的渐开线轮廓误差。测量的结果在图外轮廓测量的误差范围约为20米显示测量误差范围内的配置文件是40M.可以看出有非常大的快速测量系统的测量误差。测量精度无法达到要求的测量精度（3m）。通过计算机模拟B.测量误差分析测量误差的原因进行分析。有工件和旋转舞台的中心坐标之间的偏移量。偏移值有显着的效果的测量结果。接触点的Y Y方向的偏移量是由接触探头和齿廓之间的摩擦引起的。Y对测量结果的影响也。确定坐标系统误差的影响，模拟对偏移量的影响进行了分析。图4显示仿真结果接触点在固定涡卷偏移的情况下。水平轴和垂直轴表示固定滚动显示仿真波形误差的旋转角度。图4（a）显示的影响接触点的Y方向的偏移量。在这里，Y的定义通过接触测量点的Y方向的偏移量。计算轮廓误差，whenconsidered y = 0.5毫米和1毫米。可以看出，在剖面结果大影响Y。的影响变得更加显着增加Y。为了实现所需的渐开线齿廓测量精度，它被证实，Y方向的偏移误差必须从测量齿形误差的消除。图4（b）对工件和旋转舞台坐标之间的偏移中心显示的影响。测试中心坐标偏移的影响，计算机模拟是基于理想的外部和内部进行involulte渐开线齿廓。在这里，xn和yn的中心定义的坐标和工件旋转阶段之间的偏移量。如图所示，xn和yn，即使中心坐标的偏移很小，产生一个非常大的周期测量误差的影响。图3周期轮廓误差是由于XnYN。有必要单独的中心坐标的偏移偏移精度要求在y方向为。误差分离后的测量结果图3测量轮廓度误差由中心坐标和接触点的Y方向的偏移量。接触点的Y方向的偏移量可以通过编码器的输出测量探头。探头的y方向的输出约为0.1mm。Y方向的偏移，使探头的中心偏离X轴。探头接触点与x轴之间有倾斜角度。测量接触点的实际涡旋极角可以通过方程（5）显示出来。房=MEA+潭1（Y / R）（5）在那里，房是真正的卷轴极角的测量点。MEA是旋转编码器的输出阶段。Y是探针的Y方向偏移。r是每个测量点的理论滚动半径。探头中心的Y方向的偏移补偿由方程（5）。为了获得中心坐标和工件测量系统偏移，测量轮廓度误差，如图3所示装入圈由以下公式（6）。一个X+BY+C=（X2+Y 2）（6）在那里，一=2xc，B=2yc，C=XC2+YC2R 2。XC YC可以通过A和B的x和y的计算通过测量齿形误差的计算。测量轮廓误差如图3所示为补偿的XC，YC和Y.测量结果显示在图5。图5（a）表示外轮廓误差补偿后。外部轮廓误差约为5米图（b）表示的内轮廓误差补偿后。内轮廓误差大约6M.测量误差快速测量系统基本满足精度要求。为了测试快速测量系统的测量结果，在恒温室中用商用坐标测量机测量了固定涡旋的内外轮廓误差。分别从内、外侧面获得约1560个测量点。内、外轮廓测量时间约为20分钟。由快速测量系统分别从内、外轮廓测量得到约4090个测量点。用快速测量系统测量内外轮廓约150秒。的内外轮廓如图6所示测量结果。从图中可以看出，外轮廓和内轮廓的快速测量系统的测量结果是相同的。三坐标测量机。但快速测量系统的测量时间比CMM的测量时间要短得多。涡旋工件的加工时间约为300秒 9 。快速测量系统能满足在线加工测量要求。 5总论研制了一种基于精密三坐标探头的涡旋压缩机快速测量系统。通过仿真分析了两种补偿方式的测量误差。快速测量系统的测量结果与三坐标测量机的测量结果相同，但快速测量系统的测量时间比三坐标测量机的测量时间短得多。所开发的快速测量系统能够满足涡旋压缩机在线加工测量的要求。非渐开线齿形的快速测量是今后的工作方向。附录2：外文原文Rapid Measurement of Involute Profiles for Scroll CompressorsJianhong. Yang*1, Y. Arai1, W. Gao11Nano-metrology and control laboratory, Department of Nanomechanics, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-01, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, JAPAN *e-mail: Jianhongnano.mech.tohoku.ac.jpScroll compressors are widely used in air conditioners, vacuum pumps and so on. Rapid measurement of flank profile of a scroll compressor is important to improve the compression efficiency and decrease noises. A contact probe made of ruby was used for measurement of flank profile. The probe was moved by a linear slide along the X axis at a constant speed. The scroll workpiece was fixed on a precision rotary stage. The relationship between the stage rotational speed and the X axis moving speed complies with the Archimedean curve. The measurement data of the rapid measurement system were analyzed and measurement errors were removed by compensation of the offset between the coordinates of the rotary stage center and those of workpiece center. The measurement results were compared with those measured by a commercial coordinate measuring machine (CMM). The measurement time for the involute profile of the scroll is shortened to 153 seconds by the developed rapid measurement system from the 10 minutes measurement time by the CMM while the measurement accuracy is kept the same.Keywords: scroll profile, error separation, involutes profile, scroll compressor, rapid measurement1. INTRODUCTIONSCROLL COMPRESSORS compress air by orbiting motions of scrolls. The air with a high pressure is taken out from a discharge opening by orbiting scroll. The scroll compressor has a lot of advantages, including small variations of torque, low vibrations and noises. High efficiency can also be achieved because there is no direct fluid path between the suction and the discharge opening 1, 2.Orbit scrollFlankleakageFixed scrollBottom(a)leakage40Inside voluteY/mmOutside voluteNon-involute200-20-40-40-20020X/mm40(b)Fig.1Leakages of scroll compressor and measurement profile67In order to further improve the efficiency of the scroll compressor, it is very important to reduce the leakages. Fig.1(a) shows mainly two kinds of leakages and gearing principle of the two scrolls. Fig.1 (b) shows flank profile measurement including the inside involute profile, the outside involute profile and the non-involute profile. One of the leakages is flank leakage caused by a gap between the flanks of the two scroll blades. The other is tip leakage caused by a gap between the end plate and the scroll blade of the scrolls. These leakages can be decreased by increasing manufacturing accuracy. Rapid measurements of height and flank profile are important to decrease manufacturing errors. Conventionally, scroll flank profiles were measured by coordinate measuring machine (CMM), which is very time-consuming and expensive. Measurement time of CMM for scroll profiles cannot meet the on-line machining measurement requirement 3. The paper develops a rapid and accuracy profile measurement system for inside and outside involute scroll profile. Measurement errors are analyzed by simulations. Measurement results of rapid measurement system are compared with those of the CMM. It is verified that the developed rapid measurement system can satisfy required measurement accuracy ( 3 m) and measurement time (300 seconds/per workpiece).2. MEASUREMENT SYSTEM AND MEASUREMENT METHODFig.2 shows a platform of the developed rapid measurement system for the fixed scroll. The measurement system consists of X-Z- stages and a contact type scanning probe. Because there is very limited room for the on-line machining measurement of the scroll, the rapid measurement system was developed based on roundness measurement system. The size of the measurement system is very small. The fixed scroll was fixed on a rotary stage by two taper pins. The rotational angle resolution of the stage is 0.0025 degrees. TheUnauthenticatedDownload Date | 4/8/18 1:01 PMMEASUREMENT SCIENCE REVIEW, Volume 9, No. 3, 2009X axis could be moved by a precision control board. When involute profiles for scroll were measured, the moving speed of X axis and rotational speed of the rotary stage were controlled by a PID controller 4. So the measurement system can realize precision positioning. The positioning error was small enough to be ignored. The positions of each stage were measured by each encoder and taken into a personal computer via multi axis control board.Z axisRotation stageY axisX axis axisFig.2Measurement system of scroll profileTaking into consideration the influence of cutting oil and chips, a contact-type displacement probe made of ruby in the form of a ball was employed in the developed measurement system. The probe fixed on the end of X axis was used for scanning the flank involute profile mounted on the rotary stage5. A ruby ball with a diameter of 5 mm was attached to the end of the probe axis. The scanning probe ball had three scales in the direction of XYZ. The outputs of the X and Y direction were used for measuring the involute profiles and the output of the Z direction was used for determining friction of the Z axis. The voltage outputs of the probe were transferred into a personal computer via an A/D converter 6, 7, 8. The resolution and measuring range of the probe were 0.1 m and 1 mm, respectively. Measuring force was about 0.12 N. According to the required measurement time, rotational speed of the rotary stage was set to 20 degrees/second. The increment of scroll radius can be described by the following equation.r1 r 2 = a ( 2 1) /180(1)From the equation (1), X axis moving speed can be calculated.X axis moving speed is set for 0.7923 mm/s.The involute spiral of base circle can be described by the following equation (2).x = acos( + ) + sin( + )(2)y = asin( + ) cos( + )Where, a is base circle radius, is involute scroll angle, is the angle of start point for involute profile. The relationship of scroll polar angle and scroll angle can be described by the following equation (3). = + tan()(3)Where, is scroll angle of each measurement point and is the polar angle of each measurement point. Theoretical involute scroll radius of each measurement point can be calculated byequation (2) and equation (3). Measurement scroll radius can be obtained by outputs of probe encoder and X axis encoder. Profile error can be described by the following equation (4).rerror = rth rmea(4)Where, rerror is involute profile error, rth is theoretical scroll polar radius; rmea is measurement scroll polar radius. The same scroll sample was also measured for comparison by a commercial CMM, which was installed in a temperature controlled metrology room. Probing accuracy of CMM was 0.6 m.3. MEASUREMENT RESULTS AND ERROR ANALYSISA. Measurement results without error separationThe involute profile errors of the fixed scroll were measured by developed rapid measurement system. Measurement results are shown in Fig.3 The measurement error range of the outside profile was about 20 m. The measurement error range of the inside profile was about 40m. It can be seen that there were very large measurement errors in the rapid measurement system. The measurement accuracy could not meet the required measurement accuracy (3 m).0.06outside profileerror/mm0.04inside profileProfile0.020-0.02-0.04-0.060200400600800Rotation angle/degreeFig.3Measurement result without error separationB.Measurement error analysis by computer simulationThe reasons for measurement error must be analyzed. There are the centre offset of coordinates between the workpiece and the rotary stage. The offset value had significant effect on measurement results. The Y-directional offset of contact point y was caused by the friction between the contact probe and the flank profile. y has significant influence on measurement results too.To confirm the influence of coordinate system error, simulations were carried out for analysis of the influence of the offset. Fig.4 shows the simulation results of contact point offset in the case of fixed scroll. The horizontal axis indicates rotational angle of fixed scroll and vertical axis shows simulation profile error. Fig.4 (a) shows the influence ofY-directional offset of the contact point. Here,y was definedby Y-directional offset displacement of the contact measurement point. Profile errors were calculated, when68UnauthenticatedDownload Date | 4/8/18 1:01 PMMEASUREMENT SCIENCE REVIEW, Volume 9, No. 3, 2009considered y=0.5 mm and 1 mm. It can be seen that y has large influence on the profile results. Influence becomes more significant with an increasing y. In order to achieve therequired measurement accuracy of involutes profile, it had been confirmed that Y-direction offset error must be removed from the measurement profile error. Fig.4 (b) shows influence of the centre offset of coordinates between the workpiece and the rotary stage. To test the influence of centre coordinate offset, computer simulations were conducted based on the ideal outside involulte and inside involute profile. Here, xn and yn are defined by the centre coordinate offset between the workpiece and the rotary stage. As can be seen in the figure, xn and yn generate a very large periodic measurement error influence even if the centre coordinate offset is very small. The periodic profile error of Fig.3 was caused by xn andyn. It isnecessary toseparate the centre coordinate offsetand y-direction offset under the requiredaccuracy order.error/mm0-0.1Simulationy=1.0mm-0.2-0.3y=0.5mm0200400600800Rotation angle/degreeerror/mm(a) Y-direction offsetx0=5m,y0=5m0.01x1=10m,y1=10mSimulation0.0050-0.005-0.01-0.0150200400600800Rotation angle/degree(b) Xn and yn offsetFig.4Simulation analysis of impacting measurement result4. MEASUREMENT RESULTS AND COMPARISON WITH CMMWhere, real is the real scroll polar angle of measurement point. mea is the outputs of rotary stage encoder. The y is the Y-directional offset of probe. The r is the theoretical scroll radius of every measurement point. The Y-directional offset of probe centre is compensated by the equation (5).In order to obtain the centre coordinate offset of workpiece and measurement system, measurement profile error that is shown in Fig.3 is fitted into circle by the following equation (6).a x + b y + c = (x2 + y 2 )(6)Where, a = 2xc ， b = 2yc ， c = xc2 + yc2 r 2 .xc and yc can be calculated by a and b. x and y are calculated by measurement profile error. Measurement profile error thatis shown in Fig.3 was compensated by xc, yc and y.Measurement results are shown in Fig.5. Fig.5 (a) represents the outside profile error after compensation. The outside profile error is about 5 m. Fig.5 (b) represents the inside profile error after compensation. Inside profile error is about6 m. Measurement error of rapid measurement system basically meets the required accuracy. m105error/0Profile-5-100200400600-200Rotation angle/degreem10(a) Outside profile error5error/0Profile-5-100200400600-200Rotation angle/degree(b) Inside profile errorFig.5Measurement result after error separationB.Measurement result compared with that of the CMMAFTER ERROR SEPARATIONA.Measurement results after error separationThe measurement profile error of Fig.3 consists of centre coordinate offset and Y-directional offset of contact point. The Y-directional offset of contact point can be measured by the outputs of the probe encoder. The Y-directional outputs of the probe are about 0.1mm. The Y-directional offsets make probe centre deviate from the X axis. There are leaning angles between probe contact point and X axis. The actual scroll polar angle of the measurement contact point can be showed by the equation (5).real = mea + tan1 (y / r)(5)69In order to test the measurement result of the rapid measurement system, the outside and inside profile errors for the fixed scroll were measured by a commercial CMM in constant temperature room. About 1560 measur
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