【机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译】液压系统与液压系统机构
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机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译
机械类
毕业论文
中英文
对照
文献
翻译
液压
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【机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译】液压系统与液压系统机构,机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译,机械类,毕业论文,中英文,对照,文献,翻译,液压,系统,机构
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附 录外文资料与中文翻译Hydraulic system and hydraulic system of institutions First，Hydraulic system and hydraulic system of institutionsHydraulic system and its role A complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely, dynamic components, the implementation of components, control components, auxiliary components (attachment) and the hydraulic oil. The role of dynamic components are the original motivation of mechanical energy into fluid pressure energy, refers to the hydraulic system of pumps, it is to the entire hydraulic system power. The structure of the general form of the hydraulic pump has Gear pumps, vane pumps and piston pumps. Implementation of components (such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors) which is the liquid pressure can be converted to mechanical energy to drive the load for a straight line reciprocating movement or rotational movement. Control components (ie, the various hydraulic valves) in the hydraulic system for controlling and regulating the fluid pressure, flow and direction. According to the different control functions, hydraulic valves can be divided into the village of force control valve, flow control Valves and directional control valve. Pressure control valve is divided into benefits flow valve (safety valve), pressure relief valve, sequence valve, pressure relays, etc.; flow control valves including throttle, adjusting the valve, diversion valve sets, etc.; side.To the control valve includes a one-way valves, pilot controlled check valve, shuttle valve, reversing valve and so on. Under the control of different ways, hydraulic valves can be divided into the switch-control valves, control valves and set the value of the ratio control valve.Auxiliary components, including fuel tanks, oil filters, tubing and pipe joints, seals, quick change connectors, high pressure ball valve, hose assembly, pressure joint, pressure gauge, oil level terms, such as oil temperature. Hydraulic oil in hydraulic systems are the work of the energy transmission medium, has a variety of mineral oil, emulsion oil hydraulic molding Hop categories.Second, the structure of the hydraulic system Hydraulic system by the signal control and hydraulic power is composed of two parts, signal control of some parts of the hydraulic power used to drive the control valve movement. Parts of the hydraulic power circuit diagram way, to show the different functions of the interrelationship between components. Containing the source of hydraulic pump, motor and hydraulic auxiliary components; part with hydraulic control have a variety of control valves, and its job is used to control the oil flow, pressure and direction; operative contain hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic motor, and its actual requirements may be to choose. In the analysis and design of the actual task, the general block diagram shows the actual operation of equipment. Hollow arrows indicate signal flow, while the solid arrows that energy flow.Basic hydraulic circuit of the action sequence - Control components (reversing valve 2) and the change to the reset spring, the implementation of components (double-acting hydraulic cylinder) out and back, as well as the relief valve opening .Kai and turn off. For the implementation of components and control components, presentations are based on the corresponding circuit diagram symbols, which also introduce ready made circuit diagram symbols. Working principle of the system, you can turn on all circuits for ID. If the first implementation of components numbered 0, the control components associated with the identifier for one. If the implementation of components Extended component identifier corresponding to an even number, then with the implementation of components corresponding to the retraction component identifier for the odd-numbered. Hydraulic circuit carried out not only to deal with code, but also to deal with the actual device number .In order to detect system failures. DIN ISO1219-2 standard definition of the number of component composition, which includes the following four parts: device ID, circuit ID, component ID and component ID. If the entire system only one Pressure-control valvesPressure-control valves are found in virtually every hydraulic system, and they assist in a variety of functions, from keeping system pressures safely below a desired upper limit to maintaining a set pressure in part of a circuit. Types include relief, reducing, sequence, counterbalance, and unloading. All of these are normally closed valves, except for reducing valves, which are normally open. For most of these valves, a restriction is necessary to produce the required pressure control. One exception is the externally piloted unloading valve, which depends on an external signal for its actuation.Reduced pressure In a system with only one pump, reduced pressure for one branch of the circuit can be obtained with a pressure-reducing valve. This circuit is typical for a welder, which requires high clamping force to be set by the relief valve and reduced force on the welding gun to be set by the pressure-reducing valve. Placing the check valve in parallel with the pressure-reducing valve allows free return flow when the weld cylinder retracts.Remote control Regulating pump pressure from a remote station can be accomplished by using small, pilot relief valves connected to the systems main pilot-operated relief valve. With the 3-way solenoid valve de-energized, system pressure is limited to 1,500 psi in this circuit. Energizing the 3-way solenoid valve permits venting the relief valve to either 1,000 psi or 500 psi, depending on the position of the 4-way valve, which is determined by the pilot signal it receives. Two pressures Pilot-operated relief valves provide two pressures for the mold-close cylinder and the injection cylinder of this plastic molding machine circuit. With the manual valve in neutral, the air-operated valves are actuated to extend the mold-close cylinder at a maximum pressure of 2,000 psi. Operating the manual valve to extend the injection cylinder vents the 400-psi relief to tank and vents the 2,000-psi relief at 400 psi. High-pressure fluid is held by the check valve. Rodless cylindersThe continuing trend to make machines smaller by taking advantage of more compact components is the driving force behind the increasingly widespread use of rodless cylinders. The three main types of rodless cylinders are the piston-lug version, the cable cylinder, and the flexible-wall cylinder. Most of these are designed for use with pneumatics, but some manufacturers provide ratings for low-pressure hydraulic service. The piston-lug design works in a fashion similar to that of a conventional cylinder, but does not move the load through a rod. Instead, a bolt extends from the side of the piston out through a longitudinal slot in the barrel. A drive lug is attached to the end of the bolt and moves directly with the piston. To seal the slot between the piston and lug, steel bands pressing against each other separate when the bolt passes by. Different piston widths are available to meet any bending moments imposed by a load. Stroke lengths of piston-lug cylinders can exceed 30 ft. Options include position switches, brakes, and carriages to support loads and maintain alignment. A variation of the piston-lug cylinder uses a permanent magnet in the piston to create a magnetic field that links the piston to the lug through the cylinder barrel. This eliminates the need for a longitudinal slot in the barrel and, therefore, the need for any dynamic seals. Breakaway forces of the magnetic field can exceed 200 lb.A new type of rodless cylinder uses a magnetic brake for precise motion and position control. This recently introduced cylinder is designed to achieve the precise control of proportional hydraulics using simple pneumatic directional control.In a cable cylinder, as the piston moves inside the cylinder barrel, it pulls a cable attached to both sides of the piston. The cable wraps around a pulley mounted at each end and attaches to a yoke. As the double-acting piston moves in one direction, the yoke travels in the opposite direction because of the wrap around the pulleysWill adopt the pure water hydraulic pressure technology, the hydraulic pressure support becomes the green machineryThe pure water hydraulic pressure technology is the hydraulic pressure domain development front. It not only has good anti- burns the nature, the radiation, moreover the price also cheaply, does not have the pollution, since the long-time hydraulic pressure support in Surface under has worked, because the use actuating medium is the emulsion, and has many chemical additives (emulsifier, guards against rust medicinal preparation, antiseptic, partner mixture and so on), the micro environmental pollution is extremely serious to the surface below, therefore, the hydraulic pressure support use pure water hydraulic pressure technology, to reduces the coal mine the production cost, protects the environment is beneficial, and may greatly improve the mine pit the work and the security condition. Unceasingly progresses along with the society, the people had a higher request to the dependent survival environment, hoped has a security, the environmental protection, the highly civilized green environment. The time request summoned the hydraulic pressure transmission (to origin in 1605 discovered the Pascals law) this ancient brand-new technology resurfaced, and received the world the attention. At present, the western nation concentrates the strength to study this technology, and makes the unprecedented progress. For example: The lubrication attrition question, reasonably selects rubs the vice- material, has the engineering plastics, the structure ceramics, the high polymer material, guards against rust anticorrosion coating and so on. The structure ceramics have the resistance to wear, the anti- cavitation performance is good, the good chemical stability, characteristic and so on lower friction factor, prepares is favoured. Replaces the partial metals material in the hydraulic pressure part with the structure ceramics, big improvement its performance. In brief, the new material success develops and applies, precisely processes technical the unceasing progress, as well as each kind of new structure hydraulic pressure part making, all will become the hydraulic pressure support to use the pure water hydraulic pressure technology to enter the strict non- pollution domain, will provide the extremely attractive application prospects for developmentHigh tech applications, the hydraulic pressure support tends to the intellectualizationThe advanced science and technology application is mutually seeps each kind of technology, mutually unifies in the foundation mutually assists, mutually promotes and the enhancement, fully uses each kind of related technical the superiority, enhances strong points and avoid weaknesses, after causes the combination the overall function to be bigger than the composition whole sum of each part of function comprehensive interdisciplinary studies. The many kinds of technologies unceasingly seep to the mechanical parent substance - hydraulic pressure support, including technical and so on machine, electricity, fluid, light, magnetism servosystem. Specifically said that, is the strength, the speed which outputs by the hydraulic pressure support are a goal, constituted from has output to the input closed-loop system, was involves sensing the technology, the computer control technology, the signal processing technology, the mechanical drive technology, the hydraulic transmission technology and so on. Because fast operating speed, formidable memory function and keen logical judgement function, thus has realized the man-machine dialogue, causes it operation maintenance conveniently, the entire machine function to be strong. The hydraulic pressure support application function unceasingly expands, unceasingly strengthens to the mine pit coal bed geology condition compatibility, production benefit to equipment dependent degree increasingly big, the operational reliability is more important. The breakdown diagnosis technology (including signal examination, breakdown judgement, failure detection, content and so on fault analysis) along with the high tech development theory (for example wavelet technology, nerve network, artificial intelligence and so on) will enter the hydraulic pressure support the early diagnosis, the prevention and the reduced accident occurrence, service blindness and the maintenance time, will lengthen the support service life, will enhance the production efficiency.液压系统与液压系统机构一、液压系统的组成及其作用 一个完整的液压系统由五个部分组成，即动力元件、执行元件、控制元件、辅助元件（附件）和液压油。动力元件的作用是将原动机的机械能转换成液体的压力能，指液压系统中的油泵，它向整个液压系统提供动力。液压泵的结构形式一般有 齿轮泵、叶片泵和柱塞泵。执行元件(如液压缸和液压马达)的作用是将液体的压力能转换为机械能，驱动负载作直线往复运动或回转运动。 控制元件(即各种液压阀)在液压系统中控制和调节液体的压力、流量和方向。根据控制功能的不同，液压阀可分为村力控制阀、流量控制阀和方向控制阀。压力控制阀又分为益流阀(安全阀)、减压阀、顺序阀、压力继电器等；流量控制阀包括节流阀、调整阀、分流集流阀等；方向控制阀包括单向阀、液控单向阀、梭阀、换向阀等。根据控制方式不同，液压阀可分为开关式控制阀、定值控制阀和比例控制阀。辅助元件包括油箱、滤油器、油管及管接头、密封圈、快换接头、高压球阀、胶管总成、测压接头、压力表、油位油温计等。液压油是液压系统中传递能量的工作介质，有各种矿物油、乳化液和合成型液压油等几大类。二、液压系统结构 液压系统由信号控制和液压动力两部分组成，信号控制部分用于驱动液压动力部分中的控制阀动作。液压动力部分采用回路图方式表示，以表明不同功能元件之间的相互关系。液压源含有液压泵、电动机和液压辅助元件；液压控制部分含有各种控制阀，其用于控制工作油液的流量、压力和方向；执行部分含有液压缸或液压马达，其可按实际要求来选择。在分析和设计实际任务时，一般采用方框图显示设备中实际运行状况。 空心箭头表示信号流，而实心箭头则表示能量流。基本液压回路中的动作顺序控制元件（二位四通换向阀）的换向和弹簧复位、执行元件（双作用液压缸）的伸出和回缩以及溢流阀的开启和关闭。 对于执行元件和控制元件，演示文稿都是基于相应回路图符号，这也为介绍回路图符号作了准备。根据系统工作原理，您可对所有回路依次进行编号。如果第一个执行元件编号为0，则与其相关的控制元件标识符则为1。如果与执行元件伸出相对应的元件标识符为偶数，则与执行元件回缩相对应的元件标识符则为奇数。 不仅应对液压回路进行编号，也应对实际设备进行编号，以便发现系统故障。DIN ISO1219-2标准定义了元件的编号组成，其包括下面四个部分：设备编号、回路编号、元件标识符和元件编号。如果整个系统仅有一种 设备，则可省略设备编号。实际中，另一种编号方式就是对液压系统中所有元件进行连续编号，此时，元件编号应该与元件列表中编号相一致。 这种方法特别适用于 复杂液压控制系统，每个控制回路都与其系统编号相对应。压力控制阀在几乎所有液压系统中都能找到压力控制阀，它们有助于实现各种功能，从将系统压力保持在所需的安全上限以下，到使一部分回路保持在一个设定的压力下。压力控制阀的类型包括卸压阀、减压阀、顺序阀、背压阀和卸载阀。除了减压阀是常通阀以外，上述所有类型均为常闭阀。大多数此类阀都需要一个限制以产生所需的压力控制。例外情况是外部控制卸载阀，它依靠外部信号来启动。减压在只有一个泵的系统中，为一条支路减压可通过减压阀完成。对于焊工来说这是一个常见的回路，它需要很大的夹力用卸压阀来设置，焊枪上减小的力可通过减压阀来设置。将止回阀与减压阀并联可在焊接气缸缩回时提供一个自由回流回路。遥控从远程控制站调节泵压力可通过将小型液控溢流阀连接到系统的主液控卸压阀来实现。通过将三通电磁阀断电，该回路的系统压力将被限制在1,500 psi。为三通电磁阀通电可使卸压阀排气至1,000 psi或500 psi，具体哪个压力取决于4通阀的位置，而该位置又由它接收到的控制信号来决定。两种压力液控卸压阀为该塑料制模机电路的闭模气缸和压射气缸提供两种压力。当手动阀处于中间位置时，气动阀启动使闭模气缸的
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