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【机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译】电梯机房、井道和底坑,机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译,机械类,毕业论文,中英文,对照,文献,翻译,电梯,机房,井道

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Machine room，Well and pit of lift1Machine roomNormally located on top of well (upper-placed machine room), machine room includes traction machine, diverter pulley, control cabinet, overspeed governor and main power control box.1-1 Control cabinetLocated near traction machine, control cabinet serves as a trailing device and signal control center, Originally, control cabinet included contactor, relay, capacitor, resistor, transformer, and rectifier. With rapid development of computer and electronics as well as wide application of VVVF control technology, optical fiber communication technology, serial communication and network technology in lift, application of big scale integrated circuit makes control cabinet smaller in size, stronger in function and more reliable in operation. Currently, control cabinet is composed of computer control panel and frequency inverter, to control AC motor in terms of frequency, voltage and speed (VVVF).Power supply of control cabinet is introduced from the main power supply in machine room. Cable leads from the contactor of control cabinet to the motor terminal of traction machine via conduit. Derived by conduit or channel, lift control signal line enters well then is transmitted by flat or round traveling cable. Signal exchange control lines are in well, forming lift control loop. It is required that power line and weak signal be separated to prevent weak signal from being interfered with when wiring is made in control cabinet and machine room. 1-2 Overspeed governorGovernor is installed on the ground of machine room, at the side of machine 2WellComposed of well wall, well top and well bottom, well is always located inside the building as moving space for car and counterweight. It is made of concrete, brick or steel so as to bear mechanical strength. 2-1 Guide railGuide rail: it is used to guide car and counterweight in vertical direction and restrict their horizontal displacement.Car and counterweight should have at least two rigid steel rails. Guide rails are always made of cold-rolled T-steel, whose anti-pull strength should range from 370 N/m2 to 520N/m2. Following conditions should be taken into consideration when guild rails are designed. When unevenly-distributed load is imposed on rail;When safety gear is activating;When loading or unloading is under way;Guide rail strength, especially anti-pull strength should be considered when safety gear is activating, while rail deformation should be considered when uneven load is moving on rail.2-1-1Connections between rails Usually each guide rail is 4m to 5m long. When mounted, guide rails are connected to each other and fixed by wedge and wedge groove on both sides. Its bottom is fixed by connecting board. Featuring highly processing precision, wedge and groove serve to connect and fix; strength of joint is guaranteed by connecting board and bolts. After connection is completed, no continual gap should exist in joint and joints should be smooth, if necessary, polished. 2-1-2 Rail supportRails are connected with well wall by means of rail support which is usually adjustable to ensure specific distance between rails. Support capacity of rail is related to the distance between rail supports. For rail with same specifications, the shorter the distance between rail supports is, the larger the support capacity is. The distance of rail supports is normally 2.5m, which can be decreased or increased according to actual circumstances; however, bending deflection for rails must not exceed maximum allowed value of 6.3mm.2-1-3 Rail clipRail supports are connected with rails by means of rail clip, which is classified into floating and mold-cast types. Floating type can protect rails from deformation caused by the intrinsic energy of rails, which derives from rail expansion and constriction due to temperature change as well as unavoidable precipitation of building. After the intrinsic energy overcomes friction of boards, rails can extend vertically to reduce deformation and improve lift installation quality. Mold-cast type is mainly used to fix sensor vane and final limit switch brackets to avoid their displacement.2-2 Guide shoePreventing car from wiggling on traction rope or deviating under uneven load, guide shoe is used to make car and counterweight move along rails. If suspension center of car and counterweight is constant, almost no force is applied on guide shoe. Since load movement always leads to the change of car center, force produced will be reflected on guide shoe, making guide shoe lines worn out with lift moving upwards and downwards.2-2-1 Mounting position of guide shoeCar is equipped with four sets of sliding or rolling guide shoes that are located in the overlapping area of the four angles of car frame and rails; to be specific, two sets are fixed on top transoms, while the remaining on safety gear seat. Counterweight side is equipped with four sets of guide shoes that are located on both sides of top and bottom transoms. 2-2-2 Types of guide shoeGuide shoe is classified into three types.：Fixed sliding guide shoeElastic sliding guide shoe.Rolling guide shoe2-3 Magnetic-isolating or light-isolating plate (sensor vane) Sensor vane is mounted inside leveling area of each landing in well. When car reaches a certain leveling area, it will insert a sensor of car top, cutting off magnetic (or light) circuit , giving off signal to control cabinet, stopping lift and opening door. 2-4 Limit switch To prevent car from continuing running after reaching top or bottom landings, forcing deceleration switch, limit switch and final limit switch to protect though electrical control. 2-4-1 Forcing deceleration switchForcing deceleration switches are mounted near top and bottom in well. If lift does not decelerate in normal deceleration point, upper and lower switch will activate, forcing lift to decelerate. 2-4-2Limit switch Limit switch is mounted behind forcing deceleration switch. If the latter fails, lift run beyond top or bottom leveling position, it will activate, forcing lift to stop.2-4-3 Final limit switch (terminal limit switch)As the last electrical protection device, final limit switch is classified into mechanical and electrical types; the former is used in cargo lift, while the latter in passenger lift.3PitAt the bottom of well, pit is a circular part below the bottom landing . In pit there are rail saddle, buffer for car and counterweight, overspeed governor tension device, compensation sheave and emergency switch box. 3-1 Rail saddle For traction lift, there is rail saddle in pit to support rails.3-2 Overspeed governor tension sheave.Certain tension is required to drive overspeed governor and prevent it from swinging, producing noise, interfering with other parts, to ensure its good function. 3-3 Compensation sheave or anti-wavering deviceFor lifts with compensation rope, anti-waver device should be mounted in pit. Anti-waver device is used to limit wavering within a specific range, preventing compensation rope from interfering with other parts.For lift with speed of more than 2.5m/s, compensation sheave should be mounted in pit to tension compensation rope. It is composed of tension sheave, corresponding rails and electrical safety switch preventing precipitation and jumping. When lift is in normal operation, compensation rope is in vertical floating state, tension compensation rope, rotating instead of jigging. When lift touches bottom or compensation rope breaks, tension sheave will precipitate along corresponding rail on which safety anti-precipitation switch is equipped. When tension sheave lowers to a specific position, the travel switch will activate, cutting off safety circuit and stopping lift immediately. When lift runs at speed of 3.5m/s or above, in addition to the above mentioned device, a tension anti-jumping device is also needed. When compensation rope is stationary or slacks to touch upper or lower travel limit switch, this device will activate, cutting off safety circuit and stopping lift immediately. 3-4 Buffer Whatever type a lift is, buffer is needed to protect car. As the last safety device, buffer will stop lift in pit by absorbing and exhausting lift energy when lift is out of control. Buffer is located between two rails, below bottom transom of car and counterweight. 黄河科技学院毕业设计（论文）文献翻译 第 4 页 电梯机房、井道和底坑1机房电梯机房一般设置在电梯井道的顶部（机房上置式）。机房内安装有曳引机、导向轮、控制柜、限速器、总电源控制盒等。1-1 控制柜电梯控制柜安装在曳引机旁边，是电梯的拖动装置和信号控制中心。早期的电梯控制柜中有接触器、继电器、电容、电阻器、变压器、整流器等。随着电脑、电子技术的飞越发展，VVVF控制技术、光纤通讯技术、串行通信、网络技术等在电梯上得到广泛应用。大规模集成电路的应用使电梯控制柜体积越来越小，功能越来越强，可靠性越来越高。目前的电梯控制柜大多由全电脑控制板和变频器组成，达到对交流电动机进行调频调压调速控制（VVVF）。控制柜的电源由机房的总电源开关引入，由控制柜接触器引出的动力线用电线管送至曳引机的电动机接线端子。电梯控制信号线由电线管或线槽引出，进入井道再由扁型或圆型随行电缆传输。信号交换控制线分别接到井道中各层接线盒中，构成电梯的控制系统线路。在控制柜和机房布线时要注意强弱电要分开，防止弱电受干扰。1-2 限速器限速器一般装在机房的地面上，曳引机旁边2电梯井道电梯井道是由井道壁、井道顶面和底面组成的，是供电梯轿厢和对重运行的空间，通常位于建筑物的内部，一般是由混凝土、砖或钢结构构成，并具有足够的机械强度。2-1 导轨导轨：用于轿厢和对重在垂直方向运动时的导向，并限制轿厢和对重在水平方向的位移。轿厢和对重应至少有两根刚性的钢制导轨导向。导轨通常用冷扎T型钢制成，其抗拉强度应为370520N/m2之间。导轨设计时主要考虑以下因素：载有不均布载荷沿导轨运行时；安全钳动作时；装载或卸载时。导轨强度主要考虑安全钳动作时，导轨的抗拉强度，导轨的变形则考虑载有不均布载荷沿导轨运行时。2-1-1 导轨与导轨的连接每根导轨的长度一般为45m，在安装时端部以榫头与榫槽配合定位，底部用连接板固定，榫头与榫槽具有很高的加工精度，起连接定位作用，接头处的强度由连接板和连接螺栓保证，连接后接头处不应存在连续缝隙，并且接头处应平滑，必要时进行修光。2-1-2 导轨架导轨通过导轨架与井道壁连接。轿厢导轨架通常是可调的，以保证导轨之间的距离。导轨的承载能力与导轨架配置间距有关系。同一规格的导轨当导轨架配置间距较小时，可获得较大的承载能力。导轨架的配置间距通常为2.5m，根据实际情况缩小或扩大，其要求是导轨在工作中的挠度不应超过允许挠度。导轨的最大允许挠度为6.3mm。2-1-3 导轨压板导轨架与导轨的连接通过压板，压板有浮动型和模锻型，浮动型压板可减少由于导轨应力产生的导轨变形，导轨的应力来自于导轨的热胀冷缩和不可避免的建筑物下沉。当导轨应力克服了压板摩擦力后，导轨可以沿纵向伸缩，减少了导轨的受力变形，增加了电梯的安装质量。模锻型压板主要用于固定隔光板的支架，极限开关的支架等，使这些支架不至产生移位。2-2导靴 导靴是为了防止轿厢在曳引绳上的扭转和不对称负载下的偏斜，使电梯的轿厢、对重沿着导轨上下移动的导向装置，当轿厢与对重的悬挂中心不变时，导靴几乎不受力。由于载荷的移动总是使轿厢中心发生变化，由此产生的力就反映在导靴上，使导靴靴衬随着电梯上下运行而磨损。2-2-1 导靴的安装位置每台电梯的轿厢共安装四套沿导轨滑动或滚动的导靴，安装在轿厢轿架的四个角与导轨接触处，两套上导靴固定在轿厢上梁上，两套下导靴固定在安全钳钳座上。每台电梯的对重侧安装四套导靴，安装在上、下横梁两侧端部。2-2-2 导靴的种类电梯导靴基本上分为三大类。固定式滑动导靴弹性滑动导靴滚轮式导靴2-3 隔磁板或隔光板（平层桥）平层