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装订线长 春 大 学 毕业设计（论文）纸轴类自动校直机简介一、概述机械、汽车、电机等行业大量使用轴类、杆类零件，这些零件的原材料在粗加工或热处理等过程中不可避免的会出现弯曲变形，如果不进行校直处理会直接影响工件的后序加工和使用，甚至可能出现相当数量的废品。所以为了能获得下道工序所允许的最小切削量或通过精密校直保证工件达到合格的最终设计公差要求，校直机成了工件热处理后不可缺少的关键设备。而自动校直是一种先进的生产制造工艺，近年来随着我国工业整体技术水平和技术要求的提高，该工艺被越来越广泛地应用于机械、汽车、电机等行业中。但是长期以来我国在自动校直机领域一直依赖与国外进口，没有自己的专业制造厂家和研发机构，导致每年在这一项目上要花费巨额外汇，同时进口设备昂贵的价格和维护费用往往令许多企业望而却步，严重地束缚了这些企业产品工艺水平的提高和生业规模的扩大。主要特性：高可靠性、高精度的测量系统，测量精度5m；修正量的自我调整系统，自动分析计算修正量；简洁的工件夹持定位装置，使用者可快速方便地调整工装；友好的人机对话介面，较好地实现了操作者与设备的人机交互；必要的人与设备安全防护措施；多种可供选择的功能部件：声发射裂纹检测装置；实现全自动生产的自动送料帶；可达每小時30-180件的高校直生产效率，实际工作效率由工件的不同精度要求決定。二、ASC-系列自动校直机的主要技术指标ASC-系列校直机就主机形式而言可分为门型校直机和C型校直机两大系列，具体技术指标见下表: 型 号 项 目ASC-10CM-*-ASC-10 CM-*L-ASC-30CM-*-ASC-30 CM-*L-ASC-50CM-*-ASC-50 CM-*L-ASC-80CM-*-ASC-80 CM-*L-主机型式C 型可校轴外径1030305040704070可校轴长(mm)500500500500500500500500修正点数35353535测量点数35353535测量精度5m测量方式圆棒 包容式测量片 标准齿轮工件转速30120r.p.m工件定位方式工件两端顶尖孔或外圆基准控制系统工业一体化工作站（资料获取及处理） PLC（控制单元）最大载入能力100KN300KN500KN800KN电 源三相 380V 15KVA主机重量1.6吨1.8吨2.2吨2.4吨2.5吨2.8吨2.9吨3.2吨 型号 规格ASC-10M-*-ASC-20M-*-ASC-30M-*-ASC-40M-*-主机型式门 型可校轴外径1030mm2040mm3050mm3055mm可校轴长800mm修正点数5测量点数5测量精度5m测量方式圆棒 包容式测量片 标注齿轮工作转速30-120r.p.m工件定位式工件两端顶尖孔和外圆基准控制系统工业一体化工作站(资料获取及处理) PLC（控制单元）最大载入能力100KN200KN300KN400KN电源三相 380V 15KVA主机重量2.1吨2.3吨2.7吨2.8吨三、ASC-系列校直机各主要部分简介智慧化的分析测量系统、可程式控制的电机、电气、机械、液压、气动控制系统使得ASC-系列校直机成为一个多技术门类的复杂技术产品。校直机丰富直观的人机界面、向用户开放的技术条件为提高整机的工作效率创造了极大的方便，各主要部分的有机配合使得设备的整体性能出类拔萃。（一）、承载机架自动校直机按主机结构形式可分为C型校直机和门型校直机两种。C型校直机是开式框架结构，具有结构简单、制造加工容易、但主机刚性差，只是对超长的轴杆类工件适应性好等特点，一般多用于超长工件的人工上下料操作的半自动校直机。门型校直机是封闭式框架结构，具有外观匀称、结构紧凑、主机刚性好、占地面积小、易于上线安装于自动流水线等特点，选用自动上下料机构即可实现全自动校直。（二）、液压控制系統泵站、液压阀组、执行油缸，液压控制回路等组成了校直机的液压系统。由于液压系统的关键部件采用的是日本YUKEN、意大利ATOS、台湾NORTHMAN等世界著名公司的产品，保证了液压系统工作的准确性、稳定性、可靠性。在校直机待机工作时，得到的节能卸荷方式设计更适合于我国广阔的地区气候差异，保证了自动校直机能在任何地区以较合适的工作温度连续运行。（三）、气动控制单元气动三联件、压力继电器、集装阀组以及执行气缸组成的气动控制回路，构成了校直机的气动单元。气动单元主要是控制并执行工件的夹紧、定位、分选和运送等动作，在每个执气上都有位置检测开关用于向系统回馈动作执行情況，便于动作流程的控制以及故障诊断于查。气动元件主要选用日本SMC、德国FESTO和台湾SHAKO等世界著名公司的产品，动作灵敏可靠，寿命长。（四）、工件径跳检测单元机械杠杆式的测量放大机构、高精度的位移和角度感测器、精密的速度控制电机以及测量探头构成了工件径跳检测单元。测量探头可以采用超硬圆棒式测量挺杆、全开或半开包容式测量片以及高精度标准齿轮等多种方式，分別对轴杆类工件的纯圆截面、D型截面以及齿轮或花键的分度圆等部位的径向跳动实现准确测量。复杂周密的设计保证了测量的精准性、实用性。（五）、可编程控制器可编程控制器是校直机的关键组成部分。校直机繁复有序的动作都是在它的程式控制下执行完成的。PLC于电脑处理系统相互通讯并控制各执行部件有序的进行夹紧、测量、校直部位选择、加压实施修正等动作。（六）、电脑处理系统超高精度的资料获取系统、安全可靠的输入输出系统、带有大萤幕彩色液晶显示器的工业一体化工作站、高专业水准的套装软件，全中文的人机交互介面，丰富多彩的图文显示、可打印的资料统计输出等构成了校直机的电脑处理系统。- 3 -装订线长 春 大 学 毕业设计（论文）纸INTRODUCTION OF AUTOMATIC SHAFT STRAIGHTENER一、General Introduction The trades , such as machinery , automobile , electrical machinery ,etc. use the axles , pole part in a large amount, raw materials of part these a unavoidable one will appear crooked and out of shape in the course of rough machining or the heat treatment ,etc., carry on alignment is it can influence the last preface of the work piece to be processed and used directly to punish, may even present a great deal of wasted products . So for can down into dishes of minimum person who cut that process allow or guarantee through accurate alignment work piece reach strict final design public errand require, alignment plane become work piece hot treated indispensable key equipment. And automatic alignment is a kind of advanced production manufacturing engineering , with the improvement of industrys whole engineering level of our country and specification requirement in recent years, this craft is more and more applied to machinery , automobile , electrical machinery , etc. in the trade widely. But our country has been depending on importing abroad all the time in the field of automatic alignment machine for a long time, there is no ones own professional manufacturer and research and develop the organization, it costs the huge foreign currency on this project every year to cause, import equipment expensive price and maintenance expenses make a lot of enterprise hope and revitalize and sigh often at the same time, have fettered the improvement of these enterprise products technological level and enlargement of the production scale seriously.Main character: measuring system of high reliability and high accuracy; self-adapting and adjusting system of correction data; concise dependent equipment of workpiece, the user can adjust the workpiece quickly; friendly interface between people and machine; necessary safety and guarding measures; more options: device to detect cracked parts via sound; automatic conveyor; up to 30-180 pieces/h. high working efficiency, the actual results are workpiece dependent. 二、The main technical specification of the ASC II series straighteneASC II series straightener can divide into for door type and l C type as regards form of the frame, the concrete technical specification as following form:ModelItemASC-10CM-*-ASC-10 CM-*L-ASC-30CM-*-ASC-30 CM-*L-ASC-50CM-*-ASC-50 CM-*L-ASC-80CM-*-ASC-80 CM-*L-Type of Main frameC typeOuter diameter of shaft(mm)1030305040704070Straightened Length of shaft500500500500500500500500Number of correction point35353535Number of measuring point35353535Accuracy of measurement5mmMeasuring wayRound pole surrounding measurement slice standard gearrevolution speed of workpiece30 120 r.p.mOrienting way of workpieceTwo center holes of workpiece or base of outer circleControlling systemCPU (mearuring unit) PLC (controlling unit)Max. loading strength100kN300kN500kN800kNPower supplyThree-phase 380V 15KVAWeight of main frame1.6T1.8T2.2T2.4T2.5T2.8T2.9T3.2TModelItemASC-10CM-*-ASC-20M-*-ASC-30M-*-ASC-40M-*-Type of Main framedoor typeOuter diameter of shaft(mm)1030204030503055Straightened Length of shaft800Number of correction point5Number of measuring point5Accuracy of measurement5mmMeasuring wayRound pole surrounding measurement slice standard gearrevolution speed of workpiece30 120 r.p.mOrienting way of workpiececenter hole in two ends of workpiece or base of outer circleControlling systemCPU (mearuring unit) PLC (controlling unit)Max. loading strength100kN200kN300kN400kNPower supplyThree-phase 380V 15KVAWeight of main frame2.1T2.3T2.7T2.8T三、Introduction of main partIntelligent analysis measuring system, programme-controlled electrical motor, electric, the machinery , hydraulic pressure , pneumatic control system make it become the complicated technological product of more than one technological class .Its abundant and ocular man-machine interface and open technological condition to users, creating great convenience for the working efficiency of improving the complete machine, the matching organically of every main part makes the globality of the equipment can be transcendent. (一)、bearing frameAutomatic straightener machine can divide into C-frame and door-frame according to frame structure form. The former is open structure, have of simple structure, easy to manufacture , rigidity bad, only fine to overlengthy shaft kind of workpiece etc. characteristic, generally used overlengthy workpiece artificial upper and lower semi-automatic straightener. The latter is closed structure, have appearance well-balanced , structure compactness , rigidity fine , little easy to be installed on automatic assembly line ,etc. characteristic, selecting the automatic upper and lower material organization for use can realize full-automatic.（二）、hydraulic pressure control systemPump stand, hydraulic pressure valve group, carry-out oil jar, hydraulic pressure control loop,etc. form the hydraulic pressure systems of straightener. Because what the key part of the hydraulic pressure system is adopted is the products of world-famous companies, such as Japanese YUKEN, Italian ATOS, Taiwan NORTHMAN,etc, have guaranteed the hydraulic pressure accuracy, stability, dependability of the work systematically. In straightener await the opportune moment when working, special energy-conservation unload design is more suitable for our country wide regional weather differences, Have guaranteed that automatic straightener can run in succession with relatively suitable temperature in any area.（三）、pneumatic control unitPneumatic control loops including Unite one, pressure relay, valve group and air cylinder form the pneumatic unit of the straightener. It mainly control and carry out the workpiece movement of inserting urgent, localization, sorting and transport etc. In each air cylinder have position measure switch to feedback movement implementation to system, so as to control movement flow, diagnose and arrange checking in trouble. Pneumatic components mainly select the products of world-famous companies for use, such as Japan SMC, Germany FESTO and Taiwan SHAKO etc, It is reliable that the movement is sensitive , the life-span is long.（四）、runout measuring unit of workpieceThe measurement amplify organization of the mechanical lever type, high accuracy displacement and angle sensor, accurate speed control motor and measurement probe form runout measuring unit of workpiece. The probe can