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【机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译】采煤机,机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译,机械类,毕业论文,中英文,对照,文献,翻译,采煤

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Coal ExtractionThe Shearer(I) Although there are many models, the shearer has several common basic components. A double-ended ranging-drum shearer(Fig.18.1), for example, consists of four major components: electric motors, gearheads, haulage unit (power pack), and the cutting drums. The electric motor ranging form 300 to1000 horsepower (223750kw) is the power source for the shearer.It provides power to run the hydraulic pumps in the haulage unit and the gearheads for the cutting drum. The large capacity shearers are generally equipped with two electric motors; one for the haulage unit and one gearhead and the other for the other gearhead and other ancillary equipment. The motors can be remotely controlled. There are two gearheads, one on the left, and the other on the right-hand side of the shearer. Each gearhead consider of a gearhead, gearbox and ranging arm. The cutting drum is laced with spiral vanes on which the cutting bits are mounted. Its diameter ranges form 34 to 72 in (0.861.83m) with rotational speeds form 30 to 105 rpm. The trends are toward fewer but larger bits and slower drum speed for better cutting efficiency and less coal dust production. The drums are also equipped with power cowl is usually located behind the cutting drum. For that reason, it can be rotated a full 180 The electric motor, haulage unit and gearhead box combine to form the shearers body which is mounted on the underframe. The underframe has four sliding shoes. The face-side shoes. The face-side shoes are fitted and ride on the face side top guide of the face conveyor pan, and the other two gob-side sliding shoes are fitted on a guide tube to prevent derailment. The tramming speed of the shearer ranges form 19 to 46 ft/min (5.814.0m/min). In addition, the shearer is equipped with auxiliary hydraulic pumps and control valves for operating the ranging arms and powers cowls, water spraying devices,cable, chain anchorage and tensioners and so on.Types of Modern Shearers Since its first appearance in 1954, the shearer has undergone continuous changes both in capability and structure. It is now types of shearers, single and double-drum. In the earlier models, the drum in the single-drum shearer is mounted on the shearers body and cannot be adjusted for height. Therefore it is not suitable for areas where are constant changes in seam thickness and floor undulation. Thus the single-ended fixed-drum shearer is used mostly for thin seams. For the single-drum shearer with a ranging arm, the cutting drum is mounted at the very end of the ranging arm. The ranging arm can be raised up and down by hydraulic control to accommodate the changing seam thickness and floor undulation. (Fig.18.2)But when the seam exceeds a certain thickness, the single-drum shearer can not cut the entire seam height in one cut and a return cutting trip is necessary to complete a full web cut. Furthermore, since the drum is located on the headentry side, it generally requires a niche in the tailentry side. A niche is a precut at face end, one web deep and a shearers length long. With a niche at the face end the shearer can turn around. Nowadays, the double ranging-drum shearers are used predominantly. The shearer cuts the whole seam height in one trip. The two drums can be positioned to any required height (within the designed range) during cutting and lowered well below the floor level. The arrangement of the drums enables the whole seam to be cut in either direction of travel, thereby ensuring rapid face advance and shortening roof exposure time. There are various types of double ranging-drum shearers. Based on the location of the drums, there are two types: one with one with both drums mounted on one side of the machine. The former type is the most widely used. Its advantage is that with one drum on each side of the shearer, it can sump in either direction. During the cutting trip, the leading drum cuts the upper 70% of the seam height while the rear drum cuts the lower 30% and cleans up the broken coal on the floor. The two drums are approximately 2333ft (710m) apart. When the shearer is traveling in the opposite direction to that of the face conveyor, the coal cut by the leading drum has to pass under the shearers body, which increase the moving resistance of the shearer and the face conveyor and cause a “crowding” condition. If the broken coal is too large, it may block the shearer and stop the operation. In general, when the shearer and the face conveyor are traveling in the opposite directions, approximately 70% of the coal taken by the leading drum will pass under the shearer. But when they are traveling in the sane direction,the coal taken down by the rear drum together with the float coal from the floor constitute the approximately 30% of the coal that has to pass under the shearer. The former case consumes 25% more power than the latter. As compared to the single-ended shearer, the underframe of the double-ended shearer is higher, thereby ensuring a sufficient cross section for coal passage. Based on the method of adjusting the height of the cutting drum, there are also two types of shearers: ranging-arm shearer and gearhead shearer (Fig 18.3). The former one is commonly used, whereas the latter one is a recent development. The advantage of the gearhead shearer is that the haulage unit is located at the center of the shearers body and mounted on the underframe. On both sides of the haulage unit, there is gearhead. Each gearhead contains an electric motor and a speed-reduction unit. The gearhead is raised and lowered by an adjustable hydraulic ram. The adjustable range of cutting height is large. It can reach up to 4.6ft(1.4m). 采 煤-采煤机 尽管采煤机有很多模型，它们仍然有一些共同的基本组成部分。例如，双端可调高滚筒采煤机由四个主要部分组成：电动机，传动机头，牵引部（动力装置）和截割滚筒。 300至1000马力（223至750千瓦）的电动机是采煤机的能量来源。它为截割滚筒在牵引部和传动机头中给液压泵提供动力。大功率滚筒式采煤机一般装有两台电动机；一台带动牵引部及一传动机头；另一台带动另一传动机头及其他辅助设备。电动机可以远程控制。 采煤机上有两个传动机头，一个在左边，另一个在采煤机的右边。每一个传动机头都由一个传动机头，一个齿轮箱和一个摇臂组成。 螺旋形的轮叶把截割滚筒束紧在安装的截齿上。它的直径为34至72（大约0.86至1.83米），转速为30至105。其发展趋势是采用数量少一些但大一点的截齿，并减低截割滚筒的转速，一边提高截割效率和减少煤尘的产生。截齿也装有动力挡煤板，通常位于截割滚筒的后面 。因此，它可以旋转180度。 电动机，牵引部和传动机头箱组合成采煤机的主体安装在底座上。底座有四个滑瓦。靠近工作面一侧的滑瓦，安置在工作面输送机槽的顶部导轨上，二靠近采空区一侧的另外两个滑瓦，则安置在导管上，以防脱轨。采煤机的牵引速度为每分钟19至46英尺（约为每分钟5.8至14.0米）。 除此之外，采煤机还装有辅助的液压泵和控制阀来操作摇臂，动力挡煤板，喷水装置，牵引链锚固和拉进装置，。 自从采煤机的第一次在1954年问世以来，它已经在能力和结构上经历了持续不断的变化。现在采煤机的种类有单滚筒采煤机和双滚筒采煤机。在更早的模型里，单滚筒采煤机的滚筒是安装在采煤机的主体部位而且不同适应它本身的高度。因此，它不适宜在有着不断变化的煤层厚度和底板起伏不平的区域里。因而单端固定滚筒采煤机大多数情况下用于薄煤层。 单摇臂但滚筒采煤机的截割滚筒就安装在该摇臂的末端。摇臂可以通过液压控制来调节不断变化的煤层厚度和底板起伏不平来升高降低。 但是当煤层超过一定的厚度，单滚筒采煤机就不能一次过截割整个煤层高度，所以是有必要来一次来回截割来完成一个完整的截割。此外，自从滚筒安装在运输顺槽一边，它通常需要在回风顺槽有一个缺口。缺口是在工作面端头预先开出的，其大小为一个截深和一台采煤机机体的长度。有了工作面端头的却都，采煤机可以掉头