【机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译】针对不同的数控机床一个基于互联网的机床检查计划
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【机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译】针对不同的数控机床一个基于互联网的机床检查计划,机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译,机械类,毕业论文,中英文,对照,文献,翻译,针对,不同,数控机床,一个,基于,互联网,机床,检查,计划
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黄河科技学院毕业设计（文献翻译） 第10 页 单位代码 0 2 学 号 080105655 分 类 号 TH6 密 级 秘密 毕业设计文献翻译院（系）名称工学院机械系 专业名称机械设计制造及其自动化 学生姓名金贺 指导教师薛东彬 2012年 3 月 10 日针对不同的数控机床一个基于互联网的机床检查计划Dong-ttoon Kim情报和精密机械部门，韩国机械和材料研究所,大田305 - 343,韩国Sun-Ho Kim机电工程专业本科工程,东义大学，Busan 614 - 714釜山、韩国Kwang-SIK KOH电气工程和计算机科学学院，庆北国立大学，大邱广域市702-701，韩国摘要本文提出了一个基于互联网的机床检查与数字控制机床(CNC)技术。根据其体系结构的不同，数控机床分为两种类型：一种是封闭式控制结构（CAC），它是传统的数控机床；一种是开放式控制结构（OAC），这是最近推出的PC-based控制器。由于CAC有一个封闭的架构，所以它依赖于数控机床供应商制定的规格。而因为这一点，它的应用程序很难在数控领域为用户所实现。近日，传统的数控机床已被基于PC的开放式数控机床所取代。然而，现在还有很多传统的数控机床在OAC配备不足的车间工作。对于CAC和OAC数控机床基于互联网的检查，一个合适的系统环境是必要的。通过这项研究，对包括CAC和OAC在内的各种CNC在专业化生产系统进行全球化管理，对各种CNC基于互联网的检查设计一个合适的环境，并对CAC和OAC检查方法作比较。这项研究成果可作为一个数控机床集成制造系统的全球监测和远程控制的基本模型。在本研究中定义的检查点分为两类：结构性点和操作点。前者包括轴承的振动，主轴单元的温度，和其他期刊管理点，而后者则包括油检查，夹具锁/开锁，加工开/关状态。关键词：基于Internet的检查方法，变式数控，CAC，0AC1导言电脑和互联网的广泛使用，导致一个基于Internet的数控机床的控制和监测的全球化管理在专业化生产系统的需求不断增加。在过去，利用可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）的接触点，监测做为数控机床和制造系统外围设备的I / O信号。但是，这个程序已经被限制到CNC内部信息的监测。它很难执行用户在数控领域定义的程序，这个程序包括检查有关CNC的各种监测数据，外围设备和其他外部单位（Rober and Shin, 1995；Lee et.al.,2004）。而所需的用户自定义程序是数控机床监测与远程站点的通信应用程序模块。近日，基于PC的开放式结构数控机床取代了传统的数控机床，从而提供了一个方便的环境来实现用户定义的用于远程监视和控制的数控程序（Rober and Shin, 1995；Kwon et.al.,2000；Hong et.al.,2003）。然而，很多传统的数控机床在OAC配备不足的车间工作。为了做到对这种变式数控机床远程检查，应对每个CAC和OAC构建合适的环境。现在，我们简要的概述下相关的研究。关于机床的开放式数控制造系统管理的研究，已经快速的实现了在柔性制造系统和自动配置（Wright，1995）和动态重新配置（Oldknow and Yellowley，2001）的研究。一个开关函数发生器的研究解决了在开放式结构机床的维修机制（Kim et al.，2002）。机床的远程控制和监测客户端 - 服务器环境也一直被研究（Oldknow and Yellowley，2003）。这种关于远程服务的代表性例子是由CNC供应商开发的工厂窗口和远程系统（Kim et al.，2000;Kang and Kang，1999）。然而，这些系统的特点是当地的域环境提高基本的技术支持。此外，这些研究还包括基于互联网的机床管理，CNC故障诊断的实现和基本的远程服务（Kim et al.，2003）。在柔性制造系统中基于Web的监控也进行了研究（Jung et al.，2001）。此外，还研究了维护数控机床的公共交换电信电话网（PSTN）和数字I / O模块（Hyun et al.，1998）。然而，这些研究都集中在CAC机除外的OAC机上，而研究的大多数的服务功能是通过电话线或外部网络（如Internet）传输的监测数据。尽管是基于互联的应用程序，仍要安装一个开发商依赖的特殊的客户端，因为大多数情况下是基于客户-服务器的配置。在某些特殊情况下，一个额外的内核是必需的。此外，优越的数控厂商，如西门子的第三方支持通过互联网的网络服务。然而，在这情况下，非常困难的是服务的功能往往不适合车间修改功能。在国内，甚至有部分数控厂商无法服务一般商用的基于互联网的检查服务，如通过lnternet的监测。出现这种情况是因为大部分的运营商和数控厂商都集中在国内数控市场的稳定性和原创能力上面。也就是说，大部分的数控厂商都害怕数控机床因过载而崩溃或因故障造成额外软件安装或升级，所以他们支持远程服务功能。总之，虽然对OAC有一些研究，但是少有满意的设计，而对CAC的研究更是非常缺乏。尤其是，基于互联网的检查与CAC和OAC的变种数控机床没有得到充分的研究报告，由于不便开发环境和较差的软件可移植性。本文调查申请的方法是基于互联网的检查技术，对OAC和CAC两个变式数控机床进行比较。通过这项研究建议通过基于Internet检查变式数控机床的有效计划。首先，远程检查和控制与CAC的机床和零部件相关的数字信号，通过使用I / O的嵌入式模块介绍网页；其次，本文认为模拟和数字远程检查OAC的机器通过实施相关的信号用户定义的应用程序能够接口与外部服务器的数控域，并通过数据采集单元（DAU），能够获得与连接的数据机及周边设备的联系点。CAC有一个封闭的架构，它是依赖数控协力厂商规范。由于这一点，就已经很困难，为用户实施在数控应用程序。因此，一个特殊的，额外的模块需要基于互联网的应用程序（塞纳科技，2002年）。对于这一点，一个网络的I / O嵌入式模块适用于本研究基于互联网的检查。模块直接连接到TCP/ IP网络与远程通信网站。为了获得监测数据数控机床，模块的I / O信号在数控被分配到PLC的I / O信号。另一方面，OAC有一个基于PC的开放式架构，运作独立于数控供应商的规范并没有额外的模块是必要的，用于连接远程站点。正因为如此，一个简单的DAU，这是不直接连接到OAC的主要电路板，而不是直接影响到数控稳定，用于信号传感和数据通过RS232/422行收购无需额外通信设备模块。基于Internet的远程机器检查与OAC，用户定义的守护进程的工具通信和应用程序Web服务的形式实现OAC和内部功能内外部服务器。互联网通信之间进行数控领域的守护程序外部服务器和网络脚本程序。2基于Internet检查OAC的方法在OAC的情况，不需要网络支持附加设备模块，OAC有一个方便的结构，可以实现网络应用程序。检查和获得机床I / O信号的数据，只需要信号处理板或外部的DAU数据采集。由于大多数OAC是基于单板计算机上的DAU一个紧凑的结构，比板型（Advantech，2002）更有效可以简单地连接I / O信号。试图通过监测加工状态，应用程序通过DAU零部件温度和振动的检查方法，可以通知检查时间和零部件的更换时间。通过这个应用，数控机床及周边设备的模拟和数字接触点监测使用的DAU。在实验中，使用外部的I / O的DAU模块，以减少硬件设备的大小，并尽量减少负荷。基于Internet的检查OAC机床配置使用的DAU如图1RS485通讯内部通过RS232/485转换规范。0V至1.5V的范围内分配一个采样周期为每秒10次，以获取模拟传输值。为获取轴承的振动和主轴温度的实验，传输的模拟值在OAC和DAU之间的通信协议实时监控，如图2所示Subsequently，也进行检查开/关状态的石油和钳的基本实验，如图3所示功能的应用程序代码，实现在OAC数控域的内部功能。基于Internet的检查应用，通讯发达的守护程序在数控领域实施，在外部服务器由Web服务的Web scr.ipt方案实施，使用vbscrip，JavaScript和活动服务器页面（ASP），如图4守护程序之间的网络通信可以在数控域和外部Web脚本程序。因此，多个客户端可以监控检查的数据和机器的状态，通过收购数字和模拟数据传输从外部数据库的OAC。数控通信服务程序采用标准的开放式数据库连接（ODBC）和数据处理，利用结构化查询语言（SQL）查询。通过这个过程，检查数据传输相关的表中的信息构建在数据库表中。在互联网环境下的远程检查，实现了通过设计的应用程序，如图5所示结果表明，这种检查方法是有利的，在其方便的开发环境在软件方面，可以很容易地实现用户定义的应用程序。图1基于互联网的检查OAC的机器配置使用的DAU图2通信协议之间的OAC的DAU模图3模拟输入（0-1.5V的范围）的收购和数字输入（8位直接投资）图4 OAC和应用程序之间的接口网站SEVER图5 检查OAC的机器所使用的DAU和应用程序3基于Internet的检查计划和变式数控机床的例子基于互联网的检查的计划变型数控机床的建议图6CAC机区旨在检查通过下载脚本代码的数字数据和嵌入式设备服务器的I / O接口机制。在OAC机区检查所使用的DAU和应用程序，如数据采集模块，通信守护进程模块，和一个web脚本模块的模拟数据和数字数据。基于互联网的变种数控机床的远程检查，通过拟议的计划表见图7在CAC的机床的情况下，一个Java applet被编码和下载，以检查机床的I / O数据和通过网络浏览器向客户提供检查结果。在I / O地址的Java applet代码和真正的I / O点的机床之间分配，监视和控制远程站点。展示的内容是对监测结果 I / O的接触点与当前加工/关状态。 CAC的机床运作周期的启动按钮正在网页浏览器上。在OAC机床的情况下，收购的DAU监测数据传送到在远程站点，外部服务器和通信守护进程服务。它通过网络浏览器激活油传感器，主轴温度是0.0007（这是从0至1.5 V范围内的模拟值）。结果表明，在前一种情况下，CAC是有利的，它可以很容易地利用网络功能的嵌入式设备，在硬件实现基于lnternet的检查系统。然而，用户定义的应用程序和下载数据的最大尺寸被限制在512字节；后者的情况下，在其方便的开发环境，可以方便地实现在数控领域的许多不同的应用程序，无需额外设备的优点。然而，用户定义的应用程序编程工作需要比在前者的情况下实施通信和网络服务。图6基于互联网的检查环境变异数控机床图7 例如基于互联网的远程检查变种数控机床4结论本文提出了一种新的研究基于Internet检查传统的CAC和最近推广的OAC两种变式数控机床。为了实现基于互联网高效的检查CAC机，使用信号检测方法，通过网络I / O嵌入式设备模块，可以支持互联网应用环境，因为在CAC的环境执行用户定义的应用程序，是依赖于数控厂商规范了的数控领域。为了实现基于互联网检查OAC机床，数字和模拟信号的检查方法，它不需要额外的网络I / O的互联网应用的嵌入式设备，有人建议，因为数控域执行用户定义的应用程序很容易因方便OAC的环境。这种方法只需利用的DAU取得的I / O硬件方面的数据和采集到的数据传送到外部服务器通过在远程站点上的网页浏览器的远程检查。随后，对CAC和OAC机的检查方法进行了比较。通过这项研究，为数控机床与数控变种的CAC和OAC在制造系统，基于互联网的变型数控机床的检查，被设计为一体的综合经营的一个合适的环境，如建筑的全球管理。这项研究的结果可能是一个全球监测和远程控制在变种数控机床集成制造系统的基本模型。在今后的工作中应解决以下问题：首先，研究人员应该调查优越的远程检查环境的设计和实现，可以在嵌入式设备利用足够的上下载的代码；其次，还需要进一步研究，可以更简单地对集成和经营变式数控机床的标准化和优化应用程序进行开发。感谢感谢工业改造技术项目（商务部，工业和能源）提供的财政支持。Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 97-105, 2005 97 A Scheme for an Internet-based Checking Method of Machine-Tools with Variant CNC Architecture Dong-ttoon Kim* Department of Intelligence and Precision Machines, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 305-343, Korea Sun-Ho Kim Mechatronics Engineering Major, College of Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Korea Kwang-Sik Koh School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea This paper proposes an Internet-based checking technique for machine-tools with variant Computerized Numerical Controller (CNC). According to its architecture, CNC is classified into one of two types : Closed Architecture Controller (CAC), which is the conventional CNC, or Open Architecture Controller (OAC), which is a recently introduced PC-based controller. Since CAC has a closed architecture, it is dependent on CNC vender specification. Because of this, it has been very difficult for users to implement application programs in the CNC domain. Recently, the conventional CNC of machine-tools has been replaced by a PC-based open architecture CNC. However, now many conventional CAC machines are being operated together with OAC machines in inadequately equipped shop floors. For Internet-based checking for variant CNC machines with CAC and OAC, a suitable systematic environment is necessary. Through this research, for the global management of variant CNC machines both a CAC and an OAC in the manufacturing system, a suitable environment for Internet-based checking of variant CNC machines was designed, and the checking methods for CAC and OAC machines were compared. The results of this research may serve as a base model for global monitoring and remote control in an integrated manufacturing system with variant CNC machines. Checking points defined in this research are classified into two categories: structured point and opera- tional point. The former includes the vibration of bearing, temperature of spindle unit, and other points of periodical management, while the latter includes oil checking, clamp locking/ unlocking, and machining on/off status. Key Words : Internet-Based Checking Method, Variant CNC, CAC, 0AC I. Introduction Widespread use of computers and the Internet * Corresponding Author, E-mail : kdh680 kimm.re.kr TEL : -t-82-42-868-7148; FAX : -t-82-42-868-7150 ?9 Department of Intelligence and Precision Machines, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 305-343, Korea?9 (Manuscript Received June 11, 2004; Revised October 25, 2004) have led to a continuously increasing demand for Internet-based control and monitoring of CNC machines for distributed global management in manufacturing systems. In the past, the contact points of Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) were utilized for the monitoring of I/O signals associated with CNC machines and peripheral equipment in manufacturing systems. However, this solution has been limited to the monitoring of CNC internal information. It has Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co., Ltd. 98 Dong-Hoon Kim, Sun-Ho Kim and Kwang-Sik Koh been difficult to check various monitoring data regarding the CNC, peripheral equipment, and other external units by implementing user-defin- ed programs to the CNC domain (Rober and Shin, 1995 ; Lee et. al., 2004). The required user- defined programs are application modules for the monitoring of CNC machines and for com- munication with a remote site. Recently, a conve- nient environment able to implement user-defin- ed programs to a CNC domain for remote moni- toring and control has been provided, since the conventional CNC of machine-tools has been replaced by a PC-based open architecture CNC (Rober and Shin, 1995 ; Kwon et. al., 2000 ; Hong et. al., 2003). However, many conventional CAC machines are now being operated in inadequately equipped shop floors. In order to do a remote check on such variant CNC machines, a suitable environment for each case of the CAC and the OAC should be constructed. We will now briefly outline the related re- search. Regarding research on the management of machine-tools with open architecture CNC in manufacturing systems, there have been studies on rapid part realization in flexible factory sys- tems (Wright, 1995) and on automatic configura- tion and dynamic reconfiguration (Oldknow and Yellowley, 2001). A study on switching function generators addressed the maintenance mechanism of machine-tools with open architecture CNC (Kim et al., 2002). Remote control and monitoring of machine tools by client-server environments has also been investigated (Oldknow and Yellowley, 2001; Kim et al., 2003). The representative examples for such remote services are factory windows and remote systems that are developed by a com- mercial CNC vendor (Kim et al., 2000 ; Kang and Kang, 1999). However, these systems are char- acterized by basic technical support in local domain environments. Besides of this, as for re- search on Internet-based management of mac- hine-tools, CNC-implemented fault diagnosis and basic remote services were reported (Kim et al., 2003). Web-based monitoring has been stu- died in a flexible manufacturing system (Jung et al., 2001). Furthermore, Public Switched Tele- Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co., Ltd. phone Network (PSTN) and digital I/O modules were utilized for research on the maintenance of CNC machines (Hyun et al., 1998). However, these researches have focused on only OAC machines except CAC machines and the most service function is to transmit moni- toring data via telephone line or external net- work such as Internet. Although in the case of Internet-based application, a special client-ter- minal program, which is dependent of developer, has to be installed because the most cases are based on client-server configuration. In some special cases, an additional kernel is optionally required. Besides, the third-party of superior CNC vendor such as Siemens supports partially the web services via Internet. However, in this case, the service functions are not often suitable to the shop-floor and the modification of the functions is very difficult. In domestic case, even representative CNC vendor can not service gen- erally and commercially the Internet-based chec- king services such as conditions monitoring via lnternet. The cause of such actual circumstance mentioned above is because most operators and CNC vendors have focused on the stability and original ability of CNC in domestic CNC market. That is, most CNC vendors are afraid of the breakdown of CNC machine-tools due to over- load and faults resulting from additional soft- ware installation or upgrade for the purpose of supporting the functions such as remote services. In short, although there are some researches av- ailable for machines with OAC, satisfied applica- tion cases are rare yet and the studies on machines with CAC have been very deficient. Especially, research on Internet-based checking for variant CNC machines with a CAC and an OAC has not been sufficiently reported due to the inconvenient development environment and inferior software- portability. This paper investigates methods for applying Internet-based checking techniques to variant CNC machines with OAC and CAC, and the two types of CNC are compared. And an efficient scheme for Internet-based checking for variant CNC machines is suggested through this study. First, remote checking and control of the digital A Scheme for an lnternet-based Checking Method of Machine-Tools with Variant CNC Architecture 99 signals associated with CAC machines and com- ponent parts by using a web I/O embedded mo- dule are introduced. Second, this paper consi- ders the remote checking of analog and digital signals associated with OAC machines by imple- menting user-defined application programs able to interface with an external server to the CNC domain, and by using a Data Acquisition Unit (DAU) able to acquire data connected with the contact points of machines and peripheral equi- pments. CAC has a closed architecture which is depen- dent on CNC vender specification. Because of this, it has been very difficult for users to imple- ment an application program in CNC. Therefore, a special, additional module is required for Internet-based application (Sena Technologies, 2002). For this, a web I/O embedded module was applied for Internet-based checking in this re- search. The module is directly attached to the TCP/IP network for communication with a re- mote site. In order to obtain the monitoring data of CNC machines, the I/O signals of the module were assigned to PLC I/O signals within CNC. On the other hand, OAC has a PC-based open architecture that operates independent of CNC vendor specification and no additional module is necessary for connection with a remote site. Because of this, a simple DAU, which is not directly attached to OAC main-board and not directly affects to CNC stability, is used for signal sensing and data acquisition via RS232/422 line without additional communication device mo- dule. For Internet-based remote checking of ma- chine-tools with OAC, a user-defined daemon for communication and application programs for web services were implemented in the form of internal function within OAC and an external server. Internet communication is performed be- tween the daemon program of the CNC domain and web script programs of the external server. 2. Structure of Variant CNC Machines and Remote Checking Directions As mentioned above, the implementation of a Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co., Ltd. user-defined application program is much more difficult in the CAC than in the OAC due to the inconvenient development environment of the CAC. Because the CAC is fully dependent on the CNC vendor, as shown in Fig. 1 (a), the CAC cannot support the application of user-functions that can connect with the network and remotely check CNC machines in the CNC domain. How- ever, as shown in Fig. 1 (b), it is convenient for users to implement the application programs for remote checking in the OAC domain because the OAC has an open architecture based on a PC. For Internet-based remote checking of these two CNC machines that are operated together in a manufacturing system, a suitable system environ- ment must be constructed according to the struc- ture characters of the variant CNC. The conven- tional CAC with closed architecture can effi- ciently use the network-supported unit with em- bedded web server functions because connecting the I/O signals of the applied unit with the I/O signals of CNC machines is possible. This method has an relatively simple system architecture for users, but its fatal flaw is that it cannot manage multiple CNC machines simultaneously with a single server and web script program ; this meth- od, using web-server functions embedded in the device, requires that an individual Internet Pro- tocol (IP) address be associated with each ma- chine. For the recently popularized OAC with a (a) CNC with closed architecture controller (b) CNC with open architecture controller Fig. 1 Structure of variant CNC machines 100 Dong-Hoon Kim, Sun-Ho Kim and Kwang-Sik Koh PC-based open architecture environment, instead of using network-supported units that require additional unique IP addresses, a suitable method is as follows. First, a DAU is utilized in order to acquire I/O data. Then the application program for data acquisition is implemented in order to check I/O contact signals through the DAU, and the interface daemon program, that can transmit the acquired data from a CNC domain to an external server, is implemented in the CNC do- main. A particularly outstanding merit of this system is that a lot of CNC machines can be monitored and managed simultaneously without an additional device with embedded web-server functions. This method also has good expansi- bility. 3. Definition of Checking Points As shown in Table 1, the checking points defined in this research are classified into two categories : structured point and operational point. The former includes the vibration of bear- ing, and the temperature of the spindle unit and other specific units, while the latter includes oil checking, clamp locking/unlocking, and other digital checking points associated with machine operations. Table 1 Definition of checking point Structured Conditions Operational Conditions Vibration of bearings Machining On Temperature of spindle Machining Off Vibration of bearing2 Fault (No Ready) Temperature of spindle2 Oil checking Vibration of bearing3 Clamp lock/unlock Temperature of spindle3 Sub unit on/off 4. Internet-Based Checking Method for CAC Machines This section describes the application of an Internet-based checking method for CAC mac- Fig. 2 hines. In remote monitoring of checked results Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co., Ltd. and related information with CAC machines, the application program implementation and the program running environment in the CNC do- main are more limited than in an OAC environ- ment that can easily implement software func- tions. Because an additional device module is necessary, we utilized the I/O module with em- bedded minimum operating system and web ser- ver functions, as shown in Fig. 2. By applying this module, the control and monitoring of CNC machines were remotely performed in the experi- ment. The applied device module supports a total of 32 I/O contact points in order to interface with external devices. The contact points were connected with the PLC I/O signals of the CAC machine. Through these points, the machine sta- tus such as cycle start, stop, emergency stop, and machining on/off status can actually be moni- tored in a web environment. The procedure for the application test is as follows. The icons associated with the I/O device module are first designed in default html source by using the supplied device utility, and then the icons properties are assigned to specific I/O addresses. Next, network-supported java class is inserted in default html source and the source codes are compiled by the utility compiler. After that, coded web script files are transferred to the specific file index format so that they can be interpreted by the device module engine (Sena CAC Machine .q D PLC/PMC Z 176 I,. N ooo ooo _ Digital tlO Connection (Digital I/0 Interface Method) .: l Browser Ethernet cable I Hub/SwitCh t Internet-based checking configuration using embedded web I/O device for CAC machine A Scheme for an Internet-based Checking Method of Machine-Tools with Variant CNC Architecture 101 Technologies, 2002). The transferred file, that is in the form of a specific format, is a single image file format that is downloaded to flash memory, as shown in Fig. 3. In order to assign the phy- sical I/O device addresses in application source codes, the real I/O addresses are mapped with the icon properties in web script sources such as html, vbscript, and javascript, as shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 5 shows that the status of the CAC ma- chine is now checked as machining-on when the cycle-start button is selected through a web browser. And through additional analog checking experiment for structured conditions, bearing vi- bration and spindle temperature were monitored in real time. The remote checking model of the CAC machine and its implementation method are relatively simple and convenient, but a database and large-scale script files cannot be loaded. In I User-defined application modules I Cnneetor to Interact Power Supply 16po Sensor nput Conttc Point Fig. 3 Interface between embedded web I/O device and application program detail, a maximum 512 Kbytes application script program can be downloaded to the web I/O embedded device module. However, this method can be very efficient in applications as it uses an I/O board independent of other systems. Here, for remote checking, web script was coded by using java applet and was downloaded to the web I/O embedded device module. For interfacing with the I/O of the CNC machine, I/O contact points were directly connected with each other between the embedded web I/O device and the machine I/ O signals. Test results confirmed that the applica- tion system environment can be easily designed by using this checking method. Table 2 Hardware specification of used web I/O device Item Content CPU 8-bit Microprocessor 512 KB Flesh Memory Memory (User Web File/Parameter App.) Network 10-base T Ethernet (IEEE802.3) Connection External 16 point Digital Input, Connection 16 point Digital Output Internet Protocol HTTP/TCP/UDP/IP/Ethernet Board (Vendor) Dependency, Utility software IP Setting/Web Page Uploading Icons and html implementation by using device utility .1 Icons Property Setting for I/O Address Connection Building Source to Device I Dependent Format I ; Downloading File to Flash Memory I of Embedded Device Server 1 IP Connection of Device and Web t/O Testing Fig. 4 Address setting and testing of web I/O device Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co., Ltd. Xltad,i, 808 : ,p Q Fig. 5 Checking for CAC machine by using em- bedded device server 102 Dong-Hoon Kim, Sun-Ho Kim and Kwang-Sik Koh 5. Internet-Based Checking Method for OAC Machines In the case of the OAC, an additional device module for network support is not required, as the OAC has a convenient structure that can implement network application programs. To check and acquire machine I/O signal data, only a signal processing board or external DAU for data acquisition is needed. As most OAC is based on a single board computer with a compact ar- chitecture, a DAU that can simply Connect I/O signals is more efficient than the board type (Advantech, 2002). The application of a checking method that can notify the checking time and the replacement time of component parts was tried by monitoring of machining status, temperature, and vibration of component parts through the DAU. Through this application, the analog and digital contact points of CNC machines and peripheral units were monitored by using the DAU. In the experiment, an external I/O DAU module was used in order to reduce hardware device sizes and minimize the load. The Internet-based checking configuration using DAU for an OAC machine is shown in Fig. 6. RS485 communication was internally performed through RS232/485 con- version specification. A range of 0V to 1.5V was assigned and a sampling period was assigned as 10 times per second in order to acquire analog transferred values. For the experiment for acqui- ring bearing vibration and spindle temperature, &IiTilrililII I IrITIIIrI11 INTERNET DAU (Data Acquisition Unit) Side Script I i-, ! d Table/DB I I /Query Language I I-r D? ImOn I DlgIta e / Architecture Controller)l Analog Input Module Fig. 6 Internet-based checking configuration using DAU for OAC machine Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co., Ltd. the transferred analog values were monitored in real time by the designed communication protocol between OAC and DAU, as shown in Fig. 7. Subsequently, the basic experiment for checking on/off status of oil and clamp was also perform- ed, as shown in Fig. 8. The functional application codes were implemented as the internal function of the CNC domain in the OAC. For the Internet-based checking application, the developed daemon program for communica- tion was implemented in the CNC domain, and the web scr.ipt program for web services was im- plemented in an external server by using vbscrip, javascript, and Active Server Page (ASP), as shown in Fig. 9. Internet communication can be performed between the daemon program in the CNC domain and the external web script Set Addtess(AA), Ialtt Raigo(TT). Baud. %AAHNTTCCFF C otlftgn.uation Rate, Dta Fotraat, Cheek Stun ere #Am #AA Contkted Read Atlalog Input Rettun the npu V alu* fro n Choxrlel H o from Channel N N of the peified AnMo Intt Mode Red Analog Input Return th InputWlue from A Charme from All Charmels of the e ctfied Ando IruL Mofle Set Addle*s. Bud Rate, Vo Checktm %AANHTTCCFF Conftgmation slatu, to a ditg VO M odul* Return the vues of Dighted /0 Chinned SAA6 Digital Data In offf, e tdre*s,a mohle #AABB(daIa) Digital Data Out Contired g, e o ell cheb uute oly Fig. 7 Communication protocol between OAC and DAU module I Graph Olsplst Vibton Sphdle 0 Temp. Oil O- OFF f- Uploadin9 Acquisition of analog input (0-1.5V Range) and digital input (8bit DI) Fig. 8 A Scheme for an Internet-based Checking Method of Machine-Tools with Variant CNC Architecture 103 program. Therefore, multiple clients can monitor the checked data and machine status by trans- mitting acquired digital and analog data from the OAC to the external database. The CNC dae- mon program for communication utilizes stand- ard Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) and the data processing utilizes the query of Struc- tured Query Language (SQL). Through this pro- cess, the table information associated with trans- mitted checking data was constructed in database tables. Remote checking in the Internet environ- ment was realized through the designed applica- rowser Network(TCPllP) Web Server & Web Service PGM i (HTML, ASP, VBScript, JavaScript) DB TaNo Ex. - L 00000001 Digital Input Field Remote Database Engi !:malal 1 ; 0 0 0 0 7 A n a l o g Input Field (MS-SOL Server 7.0) ling SOL Links / ODBC Dtiv (Structured Quer Lan! OAC l ! r r m I (PC-base Open Architecture Controller) -DAU (Data Acquisition Unit) I Model NO: ADAM 4000 Sedes Prolor Digital Input 8 bit oooo coDe Sensors Analog Input 0-1,5V Range I Temperature Inspection I Fig. 9 Interface between OAC and application pro- gram of web sever tion programs, as shown in Fig. 10. Results show that this checking method is advantageous in that its convenient development environment in terms of software can easily implement user-defined application programs. 6. Scheme and Example of Internet- Based Checking for Variant CNC Machines The scheme for Internet-based checking for variant CNC machines is suggested in Fig. 11. The CAC machine area is designed to check digital data by using downloaded script codes and the I/O interface mechanism of the embedded Digital I a ElIbedded Web II0 Module ; Closed ArcNter Controller ;._J PenttmCF;U Envlrot=lnent Open Achitecture Colltroller Environment Fig. 11 Internet-based checking environment for variant CNC machines m o I Remote Digital Input Monitoring r ol Sam4 , : r o= sas Real DI Vals r ol s.r7 / ii r DISB / XH Status= = 0 O!LlCf Fig. 10 I Current AD ? Monitoring?) -Real D Values Checking for OAC machine by using DAU and application program Kill CAC Machine OAC Machine /M,ch,o,oo- ; ,o0 oit / elaine Status I r- o, Example of Internet-based remote checking for variant CNC machines Fig. 12 Copyright (C) 2005 NuriMedia Co., Ltd. 104 Dong-Hoon Kim, Sun-Ho Kim and Kwang-Sik Koh device server. The OAC machine area is designed to check analog data and digital data by using DAU and application programs such as a data acquisition module, a communication daemon module, and a web script module. The Internet- based remote checking for variant CNC machines through the proposed scheme is demonstrated in Fig. 12. In the case of the CAC machine, a java applet was coded and downloaded in order to check the machine I/O data and to provide the checked result to clients through a web browser. The I/O addresses assigned between the java applet codes and the real I/O points of the machines was moni- tored and controlled from a remote site. The demonstrated content is the result of monitoring the I/O contact points associated with current machining on/off status. The CAC machine is now being operated by a cycle start button on a web browser. In the case of the OAC machine, the acquired monitoring data from DAU were transmitted to an external server by the communication daemon and were serviced in a remote site. It was con- firmed through a web browser that an oil sensor was activated and that the spindle temperature was 0.0007 (which is the analog value with the range from 0 to 1.5 V). Results show that the former case, CAC, is advantageous in that it can easily realize the lnternet-based checking system by utilizing the web-function embedded device in the hardware. However, the maximum sizes of the user-defined application programs and the downloading data are limited to 512 Kbytes. The latter case has merit in that its convenient development environ- ment can easily implement many various applica- tion programs in the CNC domain without addi- tional devices. However, user-defined application programming works for the purpose of imple- menting communications and web services are required more than in the former case 7. Conclusion This paper proposes a new scheme for ln- ternet-based checking for variant CNC machines with both the conventional CAC and the recent- ly popularized OAC in the machine shop-floor. For efficient Internet-based checking of CAC machines, a signal checking method using a web I/O embedded device module that can support Internet application environment was suggested because of the difficulties involved in imple- menting user-defined application programs to a CNC domain in which the CAC environment is dependent on CNC vendor specification. For Internet-based checking of OAC machines, the digital and analog signals checking method, which does not require additional web I/O em- bedded devices for Internet application, was sug- gested because implementing user-defined appli- cation programs to the CNC domain is easy due to the convenient OAC environment. This method simply utilized DAU to acquire I/O data in hard- ware respect and the acquired data were trans- mitted to an external server for remote checking through a web browser at a remote site. Subsequently, the checking methods for CAC
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