【机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译】锻造工业技术的发展
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机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译
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【机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译】锻造工业技术的发展,机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译,机械类,毕业论文,中英文,对照,文献,翻译,锻造,工业技术,发展
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黄河科技学院毕业设计(文献翻译) 第 12 页 /p-113971110.htmlAbstractThis paper describes our forging technologys development, particularly the latest technology development of the equipment hydraulic forging hammer and several examples of the hot forging process of application in several typical parts and describes the trend of hydraulic hammer forging industry in the future.Keywords: hot forging technology ; forgings ; forging ; development and application of technology ; forming equipment ; hydraulic ;and new development IntroductionChinas accession to the WTO, the international market, Globalization is bound to the process enormous business opportunities to Chinas manufacturing industry, particularly in the automobile and aerospace industry; State Development Planning commission, The Ministry of Science and Technology issued the “current priority to the development of the high-tech industry focus areas Guide” has identified priority areas of the automobile is mainly connected in the automobile parts manufacturing industry. Auto industry, the “small, lightweight and high-speed” The direction of development, provides great opportunities for the development of the auto parts 60% is forging methods of production. The expert analysis; the United States, Japan, Germanys auto industry is so advanced, benefit from the forging technology and equipment of the leading position. Chinas forging industry must adapt to international competition after WTO accession, so we must arm ourselves with new and high technology and upgrade ourselves, unswervingly follow the self-physically strong path of the “sophisticated, specialization and modernization”. At present, the development of Chinas automobile industry has become a diversified trend, particularly the development of family cars, to meet the demands of different consumers, the car market has become a multi-brand, multi-species common development pattern, so forgings will inevitably lead to the diversification of demand, in order to meet market demand. Forging industry should give priority to how to make production more flexible to accommodate multiple varieties and Small Batch “timely production” requirement in nearly 10 years. The forging industry sectors technology progressForging Industry major technology advances in performance of new materials, new techniques and new equipment. Application of new materials. According to the information shows that the production in Germany at forging increasingly widespread use of micro-alloy steel. Due to Process in the follow-up to cancel the heat treatment process, the forging of such costs has dropped, Steel used in the manufacture of forgings Forging immediately after rapid cooling, so cyanide will be enhanced by fine-grained, thus decided the forgings better mechanical properties. Lightweight vehicles also will lead the high proportion of employ magnesium, aluminum, titanium increasing. At the sometime non-ferrous metal forgings demand is rising. Alloy has a lower temperature in forging. Moreover it has a small temperature range, between its starts and ends. So that Forming velocity and the forming equipment which corresponded to are higher compared with the ordinary Forging. The application of new materials improve the forging equipment and process requirements, and thus their value to their products has been high. According to statistics, the United States. Canada accounted for forging 5% of the total steel forgings sales accounted for forging total sales of 20%.Application of new technology. The so-called “precision” that is widely used for net shape technology, through the application of new technology to achieve little without the purpose chip. For instance the shaft wedge rolling, roll forging technology; Disk-type parts Warm Forging technology, placed crushed; fork parts of the pieces, multi-mode Boring forming technology; complex parts powder forging technology, and so on. The so-called “professional” is the new techniques in terms of various types parts manufacturing relative specialization. Application of new technology will not only save a great amount of material, but also enhance the production efficiency, improve the forging internal and external quality.Application of equipment. As new materials, new technology application, corresponding to the forming equipment obtained a broad space for development; forging equipment is developing gradually to the high efficiency, high accuracy, high reliability, low energy consumption direction. China forging industry factories scattered, backward technology, forging aging equipment, general Forgings production capacity is very surplus, but the capacity is obviously inadequate, that can achieve the standard of DIN7526E precision forgings level of productivity which Germany will be able to achieve. With a big gap between the foreign, in order to meet demand of the international market and forging industry promote a reform of specialization; requirements in a timely manner; At the same time, forging industry should vigorously promote the reform process, and use new equipment, actively realize modernization forging industry has become large enterprises forging go out into the world and meet the world and compete with the peer. Forging hammers status and adaptability in the modern industrial technology development Forging hammer is a multi-forging machines pioneer which has been 100 years of history. Despite various forging new techniques and new equipment are constantly emerging, forging hammer still plays a very important role because of its simple structure, convenient operation, Forming fast, strong adaptability and the advantages of low investment. Especially the emerging of the programmable hydraulic forging hammer, that has made forging hammer a renaissance in modern technology development.Hammer has a distinct advantage against faster, thus mold exposure time is short. So it is particularly suited to the requirements of high-speed deformation mold filling occasions. For example, with thin bars plate, the complex shape and weight tolerances are required forgings. Because of its rapid and flexible operating characteristics, its adaptability is very strong, and it was known as the “universal” equipment. Therefore forging is particularly suitable for multiple varieties and small batch production. Hammer is the optimal cost-forming equipment.Hammer Rapid Prototyping characteristics has been brought into full play nit only in the hot forging forming technology, but also Cold Forming in the application of the process. According to relevant data and research results showed that the higher the speed of deformation can improve plastic deformation of metals, their reasons are : work hardening rate of deformation greater than the speed, causing material deformation and can continue to rupture; Moreover, metal and die between the friction coefficient with the deformation speed down, bringing metal flow faster, easy filling forming; higher deformation rate, not only reduce the deformation resistance, and can reduce the deformation of the in homogeneity.Hammer characteristics of the rapid prototyping applies equally to powder forging technology. To reduce Performa and die surface contact time, avoid the work piece chilling which will lead to incompletely dense. To reduce forging surface or local low-density surface layer thickness, use higher speed and higher precision of hydraulic forging hammer deformation which can achieve greater speed, tool life, and lowering the deformation resistance. All of these lead that performs are easily filled with mold cavity to ensure the quality and accuracy of forging purposes. Forging hammer new developments in technology Since forging hammer the omnipotent properties Hammer technology is complete day by day with the development of science and technology, especially modern electric hydraulic control technology. The modernization program controlled hydraulic forging hammer has become highly efficient, energy-saving, high-precision, highly reliable, forging new equipment.Program-controlled hydraulic forging hammer, with a unique hydraulic transmission structure, make it possible the short trip within the huge energy. That is the high-speed train trip short and the high frequency of continuous forging become a reality. Hammers flexible, rapid characteristics get the full play.Program-controlled hydraulic forging hammer, the overall using of U-shaped cast steel anvil bed will facilitate the wide Cycle Guide structure, and the convenience of Die fixed, adjusting the structure which provide a guarantee to the precision forgings asked. The gap of up to hammer Guide is 0.2 mm, and its precision against rigid, combat efficiency and accuracy performance will remain much better than steamed air hammer, the first of its work force state Special hammer bar the force will be greatly improved; simple structure is forging hammer with high reliability preconditions.Program-controlled hydraulic forging hammer, with the sophisticated poppet valve control technology, composite cylinder drive technology, Double defense technology and the leakage of hydraulic integration technology, let the oil pipe connect to the achievement of a system much simpler structure. Application of new technology has greatly improved the reliability of the equipment operation, which laid the foundation for it being successfully applied in the forging industry.Program-controlled hydraulic hammer is known as forging modern equipment not only because of its simple and reliable structure, fast and flexible operating characteristics, but also equipped with modern online pressure, temperature, Cleanliness and other electronic surveillance systems and procedures which can be realized against the energy-controlled system. Good operating environment hydraulic system hydraulic hammer is the normal prerequisites; Precision strike energy control systems, not only reduce the surplus energy t combat against the vibration and noise, but also improve the equipments reliability and mold life, Forging a stable quality, lower right operator proficiency requirements. The application of the Program-controlled hydraulic forging hammer forging technology in the modern development Program-controlled hydraulic forging hammers efficient, energy-precision, high-reliability characteristics, make forging hammer forging industry in todays technological progress and development is being revived, and its adaptability is being proved by many practice.Shanghai Automotive Gear Works Car Gearbox governor fork forming, the original using of friction press forming, even among Plectrum thin, Forging temperature dropped quickly. Metal poor mobility, coupled with the slow pace of forming presses, forging forming resistance, the cavity filled with hard, yield was only 80%. KJ after the switch to 25-hydraulic hammer two boring three hammers forging process, forging a chear outline, fullness, the yield up to 97%. 1000T friction with the press compared with 25KJ hydraulic hammer is energy consumption, its Die life or production cost is far higher than the 25KJ hydraulic hammers. At present, the plant has had four hydraulic hammers forging of the production line.Shanghai surgical instruments plant their Forfex forming, the original mainly rely on friction press, as thin work pieces, forging forming resistance, Flash 1 mm thick, the size precision forgings poor Trimming after forging large deformation. Forging the shape, sizes Road after rely on the accuracy of precision pressure processes to ensure that Precision Grinding after flying edges of the heavy workload. After the use of hydraulic forging hammer, forging speed against energy can be accurately controlled. Forging flying edges up to 0.5 mm, forgings trimming after deformation are very small, the shape and size of accuracy is guaranteed. Trimming is no longer required after the precision pressure processes, and grinding workload is greatly reduced. Hydraulic Hammer application, production line process has been significantly shorted, lower production costs as much as 30%. In addition, because of Hammer, forging a reduction in the number of heating, forging temperature has been lowered, Forging the surface heating caused due to the oxidation of trace elements greatly reduced, forging materials and chemical properties to be assured that avoid the use of the process of corrosion.Wanxiang Group in Hang Zhou Cross hot forging axis, Hammer original technology used later by blocking a single friction press forming technology, has changed in recent years using programmable hydraulic forging hammer forming process, a three materials, process line : Heating-Hammer (blank-Preform-end Forging) hammer forming five-trimming. Because of hammer blow high frequency, each hammer blow energy and combat sequence can be accessed through the procedures set, a production line to operate three can be completed by the original three production lines 15 workload. Liu used a three forging hammer forming process has greatly improved labor productivity, and conservation of the material. An expected three, two fly between edge-sharing, three of the flying edges is the original amount of two flying side volume.Baicheng links connecting rod forging industry, the entire line of imports of program-controlled hydraulic hammer is the hot forging production line, its forming process : heating-roll forging blank-hammer forging (2-boring four hammer Forming)- Trimming. The line heating, roll forging biller system are operated by qutomatic, the full range is operated by 2 workers and its classes output resched more than 4000 At present, the plant has been forging link weth two production lines, Planning in 2003 and then on to s 31.5KJ program-controlled hydraulic forging hammer for of the production line. Former minister of machinery industry He Guan Yuan Zeng pointed out that Chinas forging height of the Baicheng; fully demonstrate its hot forging technology advanced.Shanghai Jiao tong University Forming Engineering has been engaged in the cold, warm forging, powder forging technology research, their latest research results: motor-driven vehicle for the cold forging technology and marketing three motorcycle gear Cold Heading Extrusion Technology, is the successful examples use of hydraulic hammer for Cold Forming. With special forging process of application, high efficiency, energy-saving, high-precision, highly reliable, forging new equipment hydraulic forging hammer short trip to the increasingly widespread application. Concluding remarksAt the popularization and application of the “three new” technology, which is characterized by new materials, new techniques and new equipment, have been regarded highly by many forging business. The applications superiority of the highly efficient and energy-saving, high-precision electro-hydraulic hammer has become the consensus in the forging industrys progress and development in the future. Hydraulic hammer technological development has been relatively slow because of the forging hammer manufacturing enterprises economic, institutional and other factors in previous years. Hammer foreign hammer manufacturers have avail them of the opportunity to enter the China market. According to Statistics the past 5 years China has introduced various specifications of the hydraulic hammer nearly 20 Tai. “Who is arming the forging industry in China” is worthy of “forging” thought. Domestically, the institute makes enormous contribution to our steam hammer dual-use energy-efficient transformation. Institute through 10 years of research. But only energy-saving solution is not enough, flexible, fast, high-precision, high reliability is the common requirements of an electro-hydraulic hammer users. We MSC 100 Association Limited is willing to cooperate with enterprises who are interested in Chinas forging technological progress and development, use our own technical superiority, digestion and absorption of advanced forging and clomestic forging hammer design, manufacturing experience to proud the sfficient, energy-saving, high-precision, highly reliable clectro-hydraulic hammer for more user with the starting point and direction of the new technology. At the some time, we want to contribute our strength to the Chinese forging industry hot forging technological advances with the users.摘要本文简述我国锻造工业技术的发展，特别是热模锻设备液压模锻锤技术最新发展及其在几个典型零件热模锻工艺中的应用实例，阐述程控全液压模锻锤在未来锻造工业中的应用趋势。关键词：热模锻技术，锻造，锻件，模锻，发展，应用，技术，成形，设备，液压，新发展一、 引言中国加入WTO，市场国际化，采购全球化必将给中国的制造业带来巨大的商机，特别是汽车，航天制造业；国家计委，科技部共同发布的当前优先发展的高技术产业化重点领域已确定了汽车领域优先发展的重点产业主要集中在汽车零部件制造业。汽车工业的“小型化，轻量化和高速化”发展方向，为中国的锻造行业提供了极大地发展机遇，汽车上的零件60%使用锻压方法生产的。有关专家分析指出：美国，日本，德国的汽车工业如此发达， 得益于其锻压技术及设备的领先地位。我国的锻造工业要适应入世后国际竞争的需要，必须用高新技术武装自己，提升自己，坚定不移的走“精密化，专业化，现代化”的强身之路。我国汽车工业发展目前已呈现多元化倾向，特别是家用轿车的发展，为适应不同消费者的要求，轿车市场已呈现多品牌，多品种共同发展的格局，必然造成了锻件需求的多样化，为了适应市场的需求，锻压行业近十年还应优先考虑如何令生产更具有柔性，以适应多品种，小批量“及时生产”要求。二、锻造行业的技术进步锻造兴业的技术进步主要体现在新材料，新工艺，新设备的应用。新材料应用。据有关资料显示，德国在生产锻件时愈来愈广泛采用微合金钢。由于在工艺过程中可取消后续热处理工序，故这种锻件的成本有所下降，用这种钢制造的锻件在模锻后立即快速冷却，可获得有氰化物强化的细晶粒组织，从而可决定锻件较好的力学性能。汽车轻量化也必然使镁，铝，钛合金的应用比例愈来愈高，有色金属锻件需求愈来愈高。合金的锻造温度低，始、终锻温度区间小，成形速度及与之相适应的成型设备相对普通锻件要求较高。新材料的应用提高了锻造设备，工艺要求，因而其产品的附加值也高。据统计，美国，加拿大占锻件总量5%的合金钢锻件销售占锻件销售总额的20%以上。新工艺应用。所谓“精密化”即广泛采用几净成形技术，通过新工艺的应用达到少无屑的目的。如轴类零件的楔横轧技术，辊锻技术；盘扁类零件的温锻成形技术，摆碾技术；叉类零件的多件，多模镗成形技术；复杂零件的粉末锻造成形技术等等。所谓“专业化”是就新工艺手段而言各种类型零件制造相对专业化。新工艺的应用不仅节约大量的材料，而且提高了生产效率，提高了锻件内在，外在的质量。新设备的应用。由于新材料，新工艺的推广应用，与之相适应的成形设备同样获得了广阔的发展空间，锻造设备正逐步向高效率，高精度，高可靠，低能耗方向发展。我国锻造行业厂点分散，工艺水平落后，锻造成形设备老化，普通模锻件的生产能力很有富余，但能达到德国DIN7526E 级标准的精锻件水平的生产能力明显不足，与国外差距较大，为适应国际市场化需求；大力推行工艺改造，积极采用新型设备，真正实现锻造行业现代化已成众多锻件企业走出国门，迎接世界同行竞争的必由之路。三、锻锤在现代锻造工业技术发展中的地位及适应性锻锤是多种锻压机器的先驱，至今已有一百多年的历史。尽管各种锻造成形新工艺，新设备的不断涌现，但锻锤由于结构简单，操作方便，成形速度快，适应性强，投资少等优点，至今仍然起着非常重要的作用。特别是程控全液压锻锤的出现，使锻锤在现代锻造工业技术发展中又一次得到了复兴。锻锤的特出优点在于打击速度快，因而模具接触时间段，特别适合要求高速变形来充填模具的场合。例如带有薄筋板，形状复杂的而且有重量公差的锻件。由于其快速，灵活的操作特性，其适应性非常强，有人称之为“万能”设备。因而特别适合多品种，小批量的生产。锻锤是性能价格比最优的成形设备。锻锤快速成形特性不仅在热锻模成形技术中得到了充分发挥，而且在冷锻成形工艺应用中也具有相当的优势。据有关资料及研究实验表明，较高的变形速度可提高金属塑性变形程度，其原因在于；变形速度大于加工硬化速度，致使材料可继续变形而不会破裂；同时由于金属与模具型腔之间的摩察系数随变形速度提高而下降，是金属流动速度加快，易于充填成形；较高的变形速度，不仅降低了变形抗力，还可减少变形的不均匀性。锻锤的快速成形特性同样适用于粉末锻造工艺。为了减少预成形坯与模具表面接触时间，避免工件激冷而导致不完全致密，减少锻件表面或局部表面低密度厚度，采用较高的打击速度和较高精度的全液压模锻锤可达到提高变形速度，提高模具寿命，降低变形阻力，是预成形坯易于充满模具型腔，保证锻件质量和精度的目的。四、锻锤技术的新发展由于锻锤的万能特性，锻锤技术随着科学技术发展特别是现代液压电气控制技术发展而日臻完善。现代化的程控全液压模锻锤已成为具有高效，节能，高精度，高可靠新型锻造成形设备。程控全液压模锻锤，采用独特的全液压传动结构，使锤头在较短的行程内获得巨大能量成为可能，即短行程高速锻造和高效率的连续锻造成
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