【机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译】高速线材轧机轧辊的锥轴与锥套的检测
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机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译
机械类
毕业论文
中英文
对照
文献
翻译
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线材
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轧辊
检测
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【机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译】高速线材轧机轧辊的锥轴与锥套的检测,机械类毕业论文中英文对照文献翻译,机械类,毕业论文,中英文,对照,文献,翻译,高速,线材,轧机,轧辊,检测
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Measurement of Cone Shaft and Cone Sleeve of High-speed Wire Rolling Mills Roller ABSTRACTTo obtain good assembly performance when transferring roll moment, a cone fit is adopted between cone shaft and cone sleeve of roller of high-speed wire rolling mill. This paper introduces an automatic cone measuring method, dissertates the principle of taking reference cylindrical surface of the roller as measuring reference to measure cones, and the main characteristics of the associated horizontal automatic cone measuring instrument. Measuring error of the instrument is also analyzed. The instrument uses grating transducers for cone diameter measurements and for axial positioning of transducer. The measuring error for diameter measurement is 1.4m,the axial positioning error is less than 0.01mm, and the relative error for taper measurement is less than 210-3.Since the instrument is equipped with data acquisition system, many parameters and actual profile of the measured cone can be obtained according to the collected measuring data. Furthermore, virtual assembly of corn shaft with cone sleeve can be carried out on the computer, and the actual assembly effect of cone shaft with cone sleeve can be observed so that selective assembly with higher accuracy can be realized to the fullest extent.Keywords: rolling mill, roller, grating transducer, stepping motor, virtual assembly 1. INTRODUCTION Compared with smooth cylindrical fit, cone fit has advantages of automatic alignment, higher coaxiality, easy to adjust the degree of tightness, closer fit, easy to disassemble, etc. Therefore, it is widely used in mechanical facilities. Now, the rolling speed of high-speed wire rolling has exceeded 100m/s. To adapt to this speed, cone fit with good performance must be adopted between cone shaft and cone sleeve of high-speed wire rolling mills roller otherwise the roller of the mill will have some run-out so that the rolling speed and rolling benefit cant be ensured.The inspection of the cone has two methods: composite inspection and monomial inspection. Cone gauges are used for composite inspection while goniometers, indexes, sine bars, angular blocks are used in monomial inspection for measuring parameters of cone tolerance2. This paper introduces an automatic cone measuring method, together with an associated horizontal automatic cone measuring instrument. The instrument measures cone shaft and cone sleeve under the condition that taking reference cylindrical surface of the roller as measuring reference. Parameters of the roller are: the maximum diameter of measured cone shaft is 241mm,the length range of measured cone shaft is 647mm985mm, the maximum diameter of measured cone sleeve is 192mm, the length range of measured cone sleeve is 647mm985mm and the normal taper of measured cone is 1:12. The tolerance requirement of the cone is that the allowable variation in diameter should be within 10.003mm when axial displacement is 12mm1.2. PRINCIPLE OF MEASUREMENTTwo grating transducers are located at both side of the cone, they are parallel and at right angle with the axis of the cone. The measurement begins at the bigger end of measured cone to ensure the measuring accuracy. The size of the diameter measured equals to the sum of the two transducer readings. One measurement is done for every 0.9 rotation of the cone, i.e. 400 measurements are done for a full circumference. One circumference measurements are done for every 1mm axial interval. The measuring procedure ends when measurements for the circumference at the smaller end of the cone have completed .At the section which is L apart from bigger end (the diameter is D) of the cone, Assume that the theoretical diameter of the section is d, measured diameter is C = (D d ) / L (1) d = D C - L (2)D = d d = d (D -L) = d + L D (3)Where C is the normal taper of the cone, d is the measuring error of diametersleeve of the roller, the allowable variation in diameter should be within10.003mm when axial displacement is 12mm. Therefore,the measuring error of the instrument for measuring diameter should not exceed 3 m.3. COMPOSITION OF THE INSTRUMENTFig.1 automatic cone measuring instrumentThe instrument consists of four parts: mechanical system, measuring system, dada acquisition system and data processing system, control system for axial movement and radial rotation.(1) Mechanical systemMechanical system of the instrument includes bed plate, left and right supports for supporting roller, and workbench of measurement. Mechanical system has two functions. The first is to support measured cone to rotate, and the second is to support grating transducer to do rectilinear movement along the cone axis. When in measuring operation, support the cone on two supports with two centers at the beginning, then start the motors to locate transducer in its axial place with horizontal grating, and alternatively, to locate transducer in its radial place by driving the cone to rotate with a deflectable rod.(2) Measuring systemMeasuring system is mainly made up of grating transducers and measuring circuit. It is used for axial locating and diameter measurements. Grating transducer has characteristics such as high accuracy, fine resolution, broad measuring range, strong ability to resist disturbance, etc. The accuracy of ordinary grating transducer can reach to 0.5m /300mm; the resolution can reach to 0.05m. The measuring circuits for grating transducer include subdivision circuit, direction identification circuit, counting circuit, and display circuit. In our design, the resolution and measuring accuracy of the grating transducer for diameter measurements are 0.5m and 1m/20mm; the resolution and measuring accuracy of the grating transducer for axial locating are 0.5m and 1m/20mm, respectively.(3) Dada acquisition system and data processing systemThe function of dada acquisition system and data processing system is to collect measured data such as diameters，angles, axial positions, and then input these data to the computer through standard RS-232C seria interface for data processing, so that measuring results and actual cone profile of the measured cone can be obtained.Since the Baud rate of serial communication is set to 9600bps, the system can transmit 1200 bytes in a second. The total number of measured data is about 400100=40000 while 9 bytes are needed to store one measured ata.So the time required to do whole measurement is approximate 400009/1200=300s, or about 5 minutes.(4) Control system for axial movement and radial rotationFig.2 the interface of control operationThe function of control system is to control stepping motors by which the rotation and axial rectilinear movement can be implemented. The core of control system is a parallel interface board. Figure 2 shows the interface of control operation. By operations within this interface, starting and stopping of motors, control of rotating direction and speed and locating of the transducer along cone axis, can be realized. The stepping angle of stepping motor is 0.045; Accuracy of 0.01mm can be obtained for rectilinear movement control by means of driving mechanisms such as gears, ballscrews, etc.4. EVALUATION OF THE MEASURED CONEOnce the measurement is finished, evaluation of the measured cone can be made from 400100 measured data. According to the definition of taper, there are two methods which can be used to get the actual taper of the measured cone.(1) Both 400 measured data measured on sections of bigger end and smaller end of the cone are processed separately with least square method.D and d , the diameters of two circles determined by least square method, can be found out. Then, we can find out L, the axial distance between these two sections, from locating dimensions. According to equation Ca= (Dd ) / L , the actual taper of measured cone can be calculated.(2) Total 400100 data are processed with least square method and the equation of the tapered face determined by least square method can be calculated. After two appropriate sections are chosen, we can calculate and d”, the diameters of two sections and L ,the distance between twosections, and then, the actual taper of measured cone can be calculated according to equation Ca = (Dd ) / L . This instrument adopts the second evaluation method. Other parameters such as standard deviation of taper, maximum deviation of taper and minimum deviation of taper can also be calculated while further data processing work is done. To enhance the visualizability of measuring results, processing of visualization has been adopted. The actual profile of tapered face can be displayed on the screen of computer in the form of grid according to measured data. Figure 3 is the actual profile of a tapered face. If you click any point on the profile, the axial position and the diameter of the section at which the point is locating, and deviations, can be printed，on the screen immediately. Besides, you can drag the actual profile with mouse so that you can observe the condition of an arbitrary position on the profile.This instrument can make virtual assembly of cone shaft and cone sleeve by computer. Numbering for cone shafts and cone sleeves and then save their measuring results. When they are to be used, virtual assembly can be made by computer by making use of saved result. Taking notice of the actual assembly effect of cone shaft and cone sleeve, selective assembly of cones with high accuracy can be realized to a great extent3.Fig.3 actual profile of a tapered face5. CONCLUSIONSThe measurement of cone shaft and cone sleeve of roller introduced in this paper takes reference cylindrical surface of roller as the reference of measurement. This is accordance with actual condition of cone fit, so that it has great advantage in principle.The horizontal automatic cone measuring instrument has characteristics such as simple in structure, convenient in adjustment and operation, high accuracy, broad measuring range, etc. The instrument has heavy load bearing capacity, large rigidity and enhanced adaptability. Grating transducers are used in measuring system for diameter measurement and axial positioning, and radial angular positioning is completed with stepping motor. So, the error for measuring diameter is less than 1.4m and the relative error for measuring taper of cone is less than 210-3.Horizontal automatic cone measuring instrument is automated in great extent. The adoption of digital grating transducers which have high accuracy is propitious to the computer aided data acquisition and data processing. Large amount of digital information can be obtained from collected data after procedures of error separation, error correction and statistic analysis. With visualization technique the profile of measured cone can also be displayed on computers screen. It is of great importance that, using collected data, virtual assembly of cone shaft and cone sleeve can be realized so that selective assembly of cones with high accuracy can be realized to a great extent.REFERENCES1Rakesh Gupta. Prototyping and Design for Assembly Analysis Using Multimodal Virtual EnvironmentJ. Computer Aided Design. 1997, (29): 585-5972 Xu Kun, Wang Shao Tuan. Measurement of Cones Taper Angle in Same Direction. Tractor Farm Transporter. 2002, l3(3): 473 Du Ming Fang, Zhang Yong Ming. Measurement and Data Processing of Circular Cone. Metrology & Measurement Technique. 2002, 29(4):10-114 Li Xiao Qing, Zhang Fu Run, Yang Chu Min. Development of Special Measuring Tools for Small Diameter on Male Cone of Large-Sized Cone Parts. Tool Engineering. 2003, (5):44-465 Yu Xin Hai, Chen Ping. Measurement of Large Diameter Cone with UniversalMeasuring Microscope. Practical Measurement technology. 2000,26(4):34-356Shi Jian Yao, Yang De Wang. Measurement of Cone Diameter and Error Analysis. Practical Measurement technology. 2000, 26(5):34-367高速线材轧机轧辊的锥轴与锥套的检测摘要当更换轧辊时为了取得良好的装配性能,高速线材轧机轧辊采用椎孔与锥套的配合。本文介绍了一种锥度的自动测量方法，论述的原则是参照圆柱表面作为测量锥度的标准。主要特色是横向联系锥自动测量仪器。对测量误差的仪器进行分析. 该仪器采用光栅位移传感器锥直径和轴向定位传感器. m时,轴向定位误差小于0.01mm的, ,相对误差为锥度测量小于2 10-3 .测量误差直径为1.4 。由于该仪器配备数据采集系统, 许多参数和实际剖面测量的锥度可根据所收集的测量数据确定. 此外，锥轴与锥套可应用电脑进行虚拟装配。可以观察出锥轴与锥套的实际装配效果，可以实现装配精度最大程度的提高。关键词：轧机，轧辊，光栅传感器，步进电机，虚拟装配1.说明与光滑圆柱配合相比，锥度具有其独特的优点，例如：自动定心，同轴度高，配合紧密，容易调整松紧度，容易拆装等。因此，它被广泛应用于机械装置中。现在，高线的轧制速度超过了100m/s。为了适应这个速度，采用锥轴和锥套相配合的轧辊具有良好的表现，否则轧辊将会跑偏使得轧制速度和轧制受益不能保证。 有两个方法用来检查锥度：综合检查和单项检查. 圆锥量是用于综合检查,而指标、正弦、角度是用于单项检查锥度公差。本文介绍了一种锥自动测量方法,连同相关卧式锥自动测量仪器.该仪器在轧制条件下以圆柱表面作为参考测量了锥轴和锥套。轧制参数如下: 最大测量锥轴直径241mm ，其测量锥轴长度范围为647mm 985mm ,测量轴套的最大直径为192mm,测量轴套的长度范围为647mm985mm，通常测量锥度是1：12。锥度的公差要求是，当轴向位移为12mm时，直径的公差为10.003mm。2.测量原则两个光栅传感器分别位于锥轴两边, 他们是平行的,与主轴配以合适的角度. 检测从测量较大一端的锥度开始，以确保测量的准确性.测量直径的大小等于传感器读数之和。锥体每旋转0.9 做一次测量，即整个周长测量400次。一个周长测量做每轴0.79区间. 测量程序结束时,测量的周长较小一端的锥度已完成. 在其中一段是:远离锥度大端的l（直径为D），假设理论测量直径是d，测量值即为轧辊的轴套的直径。C = (D d ) / L (1) d = D C - L (2)D = d d = d (D -L) = d + L D (3)式中：c锥度的正常值， d直径的测量误差， 轴向位移是12mm时，直径的容许误差小于10.003mm。因此,仪器的测量误差在测量直径时不得超过3米.3.设备的结构分析 图1 锥度自动测量仪该设备由四部分组成：机械系统，测量系统，数据采集系统和数据处理系统，控制系统用于控制轴向运动和径向旋转. 机械系统设备的机械系统包括：底板,左,右支托辊, 和测量工作台.机械系统有两个功能：一种是用于测量锥体转动, 而后者则是用于使光栅传感器沿着锥轴做直线运动.在测量操作中，首先用两个顶锥支撑住锥轴，然后启动马达使位于轴向与横向光栅的传感器工作，同时，靠锥轴驱动的径向传感器同时旋转。 测量系统测量系统主要由光栅传感器及测量电路组成。它是用于轴向定位和测量直径。光栅传感器的特点,如高精度,高分辨率,量程宽, 抗干扰能力强等。普通光栅传感器的准确性可达到0.5m/300mm，而结果的精度可达到0.05m。光栅传感器的测量电路包括细分电路,方向识别电路,计数电路,显示电路.我们设计时，传感器的结果和测量精度分别达到0.5m和1m/20mm。轴向定位传感器的结果和测量精度分别达到0.5m和1m/20mm。 数据采集和数据处理系统数据采集和数据处理系统的功能是收集测量的数据如直径、角度、轴向位置，然后把数据输入采用RS-232C标准接口的计算机，因此可以得到测量结果和实际的锥度轮廓。由于串行通信波特率设置为9600bps ,该系统可每秒传输1200字节。当
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