高教社高职高专英语Book4Unit-9

Unit9Welcoming,张宁宁全国成人高等教育规划教材英语4（非英语专业专科用）,Menu,Backgroundinformation,VocabularyGrammarFocus,Exercises,Pre-readingactivity:Backgroundinformation,Backgroundinformation,Whatisculture?,Whatisculturalshock?,HOME,Whatisculture?,Cultureisanintegratedsystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternsthatarecharacteristicofthemembersofanygivensociety.Culturereferstothetotalwayoflifeofparticulargroupsofpeople.Itincludeseverythingthatagroupofpeoplethinks,says,doesandmakes-itssystemsofattitudesandfeelings.,Back,Whatisculturalshock?,Cultureshockisapsychologicaldisorientationthatmostpeopleexperiencewhenlivinginaculturemarkedlydifferentfromonesown.文化冲击(指一旦置身于异国文化的生活方式中,由于心理或生理上的不习惯而产生的不安情绪),Back,While-readingactivity,Mainwords,Grammarfocus,Languagepoints,HOME,IntegratedSkillsDevelopment,MainWords:1.Shockaterribleshocktohim使他极为震惊futureshock未来冲击;未来震憾(指对未来社会的发展,技术的进步,价值观念及行为准则的变化,担心不能适应而产生的不安情绪),2.strategy,n.战略(学),策略,计谋,作战方针;智谋,手腕strategyandtactics战略与战术-gistn.战略家,3.assumption,假定;设想;假说假装;摆出某种样子Yourassumptioniswrong.你的假定是错的。Hisassumptionofpowerwaswelcomedbyeveryone.他掌权为大家所欢迎。Assumptionn.圣母升天,4.reliable,adj.可靠的,可信赖的,确实的Itisreportedonreliableauthoritythat.reliable据可靠方面消息.reliablenessn.reliablyadv.,5.Significance,n.意义,意味深长;含义重要性,显著性ofnolittlesignificance无关紧要的ecologicalsignificance生态意义functionalsignificance功能意义,6.psychological,adj.心理学(上)的;精神(现象)的psychologicalresearch心理学研究psychologicaltests心理测验psychologicalmoment使在心理上发生效果的最恰当的时刻;紧要关头psychologicalwarfare心理战,7.Inevitably,adj.不可避免的;无法避免的;必然(发生)的theinevitablecourseofhistory历史的必由之路Deathisinevitable.死是不可避免的。Marywaswearingherinevitablelargehat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。,8.impact,vt.插紧;压紧撞击;冲击;击中;挤满;塞满;填入Thewarhasimpactedtheareawithmilitaryanddefenseworkers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。giveanimpactto对.起冲击作用makeastrongimpacton对.有巨大影响makeafullimpacton对.有巨大影响,9.frustration,n.挫折,失败,使人失望的事;失效,落空frustrationofourdesign我们计划的失败frustrationofcontract合同落空,10.removal,n.移调动,迁移removalvan搬运卡车(特别是供搬家用)removalofanofficial一官员的免职Thefactoryannounceditsremovaltoanothertown.这家工厂宣布迁往另一座城市。,11.necessity,n.必要性,需要;必然(性);常用复必需品;危急asanecessity必然地thenecessityofbreakingthecigarettehabit戒烟的必要性underthenecessity(ofdoingsth.)不得己而(做某事),不得不(做某事),被迫(做某事),mute,vi.购买或使用长期车票;往返的路程commutebetweenhomeandoffice上下班来往通勤commutebetweenLondonandNewYork定期往返于伦敦纽约间aboutanhourscommutefromtheuniversity离大学一小时左右的汽车路程,13.mild,温柔的;温和的;和善的;(指食物、酒、烟等)味淡的,不强烈的Mildclimate温暖的气候amildanswer温和的回答mildcheese清淡的奶酪(as)mildasmilkasalamb,asadove,asMay性情非常温和mildandbitter淡味啤酒与苦味啤酒的混合品,14.fatigue,n.疲乏,疲劳,累活,军杂役vt.使疲劳,使心智衰弱vi.疲劳sufferfromfatigue感到疲劳,15.deliberately,adv.故意地Deliberatevt.考虑;熟思;研究,讨论Hedeliberatedthequestionbeforehemadeananswer.答复以前,他仔细地考虑了这个问题。adeliberatedecision慎重的决定adeliberatemurder蓄意谋杀deliberateon仔细研究,审议deliberateupon仔细研究,审议,16.deceive,vt.欺诈骗,蒙蔽;使弄错,使失望deceivesb.withfairwords用花言巧语欺骗某人Hehasdeliberatelydeceivedus.他有意地欺骗我们。deceiveoneself骗自己;误解,想错odoingsth.骗某人做某事Hethatoncedeceivesiseversuspected.谚骗人一次,受疑一世。,17.exploit,vt.开拓,开发,开采,剥削,用以自肥v.使用n.功绩勋,业绩,英勇的行为,辉煌的成就theexploitsofthefamousheroes著名英雄的丰功伟绩,Back,Languagepoints,1.Whenapersonmovesfromoneculturetoanother,hesuddenlyfindsthatmuchofwhathehaslearnedaboutinterpretingtheactionsofpeoplearoundhisissuddenlyirreverent.when引导一个时间状语从句，hefindsthat其后跟一个主系表结构的宾语从句，whathearoundhis是宾语从句中的主语部分。fromto:从到。,2.Beingunabletointerpretthesituationsinwhichtheyfindthemselves,peopleoftenbelievetheyarebeingdeliberatelydeceivedorexploitedbyhost-countrynationals.现在分词或现在分词短语做状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。beingunabletothemselves的逻辑主语是句子的主语people。inwhich引导的定语从句theyfindthemselves用来修饰现行词thesituations,正常顺序是inthesituations.peopleoftenbelievetheybelieve之后引导的是省略that的宾语从句。,3.Somepeoplemayrespondbydevelopingnegativestereotypesofthehostculture,byrefusingtolearnthelanguageandbymixingexclusivelywithpeopleoftheirownculturebackground.句子的基本模式是：somepeoplemayrespondby,byandby.respond之后有三个by引导并列的短语表示方式。by是介词，其后应跟名词或名词短语，或动词的-ing形式来作名词成分。,4.Itdoesmeanthatrecognitionofitsinevitabilitycanleadtothedevelopmentofthestepstoreduceitsimpact.does在此句中起强调作用，以突出mean的重要性,基本句型为：itdoesmeanthat，that之后引导一个句子，使整个句子真正的主语，由于助于成分过长，为了避免头重脚轻，故把it提前，它只是形式上的主语。leadto:导致。,Back,Grammarfocus:“as”clause,Exercise,Completethefollowingsentencesusingasas(clause).1.ThestationwasnearerthanIthought.Thestationwasnt_.2.IgotoutlessthanIusedto.Idont_.3.thehotelischeaperthanIexpected.Thehotelisnt_.4.theexaminationwaseasierthanweexpected.Theexaminationwasnt_.,asfarasIthought,getoutasoftenasIusedto,asexpensiveasIexpected,asitusuallydoes,介词的翻译,英语介词的表现力比较强，翻译时常需要转移为汉语的动词或其它词类。Heisaftervulgarinterests.他在追求低级趣味。Nooneisagainsttheproposal.无人反对该提议。Mostofthepeopleareforthereform.大多数人赞成改革。,Back,Blankfilling,Translation,Stimulatedwriting,Topicdiscussion,Exercises,HOME,Checkyourunderstanding,Readthepassagecarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestionsbycompletingtheanswersbelowthemnomorethan3words).1.Whenapersonmovesfromoneculturetoanother,hefeels_.2.Howdoesthepsychologicaltransitionaffectonesself-worth?Heexperiencesfeelingof_,_,and_.3.Themaincauseofculturalshockistheremovalof_.4.Ifapersonhasanegativestereotypeofthehostcountry,he_tolearnthelanguageandmixes_withthepeopleofhisownculturalbackground.5.Whatcanpeopledotoreducetheimpactofculturalshock?Recognitionoftheinevitabilityof_.,Culturalshock,disorientation,frustration,helplessness,thefamiliarculture,refuses,exclusively,cultureshock,Buildupyourlanguagestock,Thefollowingexperiencesaretakenfromthepassageyouhavejustread.MatchtheseexpressionswiththeChineseequivalentsgiveninthetablebyputtingthecorrespondinglettersinthebrackets.A.agivensituationG.inshortB.privateworldH.ratherthanC.culturalbackgroundI.ineconomictermsD.unknownrulesJ.mixwithpeopleE.cultureshockK.reducetheimpactF.hostcountryL.interpretthesituations个人世界（）未知的规则（）某一特定情境（）东道国（）减少影响（）理解各种情形（）与人交往（）从经济角度（）简而言之（）文化背景（）,B,D,A,F,K,L,J,I,G,C,Back,DiscusswhatcustomsinChinaforeignersmayfindsurprising?Makealistofatleastfive.Howcouldyouexplaineachcustomtosomeonewhodoesntknow?Thefollowingexampleandsentencepatternsmaybeofhelptoyourdiscussion.Examples:1.Inmyculture,peopleoftenacceptcomplimentsbysaying,“thankyou”.2.Inmyculture,peopleareexpectedtointerruptandaskiftheydontunderstandsomething.,Sentencepatterns,1.inmyculture,peopleusually_.2.inmyculture,peopledontusually_.3.inmyculture,peopleareexpectedto_.4.inmyculture,peoplearenotexpectedto_.5.inmyculture,peoplewould_.,CombineasentenceinColumnAwithasentenceinColumnBbyusingas(reason,time).writethecomplexsentenceintheblanksbelowthetable.,Practiceyourlanguageskills,Back,TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishbyusingthegivenwordsorphrase.1.简而言之，我们无法避免文化冲击。（inshort,avoid）2.我们经常需要适当调整为人处事的方法。（adjust,strategy）3.不管在哪种文化里，人们都要面对衣、食、住、行的问题。（whatever,commute）4.陌生环境带来的困惑和挫折很容易削弱一个人的自信。（frustration,impair）,Inshort,wecannotavoidculturalshock.,Weoftenneedtoadjustourstrategiestodealwithpeople.,