虚拟语气课件(经典)

SubjunctiveMood,Wemetinthisroom.DocometothemeetingnextFriday.IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.,陈述语气,祈使语气,虚拟语气,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、愿望等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,虚拟语气的概念,虚拟语气的主要内容,一、非真实条件句（if等）中的虚拟语气时态一致2.错综时间的虚拟句3.if省略用倒装句4.含蓄条件句5.Ifonly感叹二、名词性从句的虚拟语气：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句三、几种特殊的虚拟语气句式wish、asif/though、wouldrather、ItstimeItsnecessary/strange/matural/inportant+that从句,1)IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyinthesky.2)IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldnthavemadethemistake.3)IfIhadbeenthere,itwouldnthavehappened.4)Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldnotgoshopping.,1.IfIhad5000yuan,Iwouldbuyacomputer.（与现在事实相反）2.IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyinthesky.3.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldnthavemadeamistake.4.Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldnthavehappened.,（与现在事实相反）,（与过去事实相反）,一、虚拟语气在条件句中,If+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were),主语+should,would,might,could动词原形,If+主语+had+过去分词,主语should,would,might,couldhavedone,1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形,主语should,wouldmight,could动词原形,小小顺口溜虚拟语气并不难,从句时态都提前,主句would加在前，注意动词要还原。（省略if要倒装）e.g.1）IfIwereinyourshoes,Iwouldaccepttheterms.2）Ifwehadleftearlier,wewouldnthavemissedthetrain.3）IwishIwereascleverasyou,1)IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyinthesky.2)IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldnthavemadethemistake.3)IfIhadbeenthere,itwouldnthavehappened.4)Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldnotgoshopping.5)Hewasshakingwithfrightasifhehadseenaghost.,a.Ifthey_(be)here,they_(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_(burst)outagain,what_(happen)toourpeopleonearth?,were,wouldtake,burst,wouldhappen,PRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.,Ifhe_（drive）morecarefully,he_(nothave)thecaraccidentyesterday.,haddriven,wouldnothavehad,2、错综时间的虚拟句通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的,但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式.,1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.(从句指现在,主句指过去)。,2.IfIhadtakenmyraincoatwithmethismorning,Iwouldnotbewetnow.(从句指过去,主句指现在)。,虚拟语气,3、省略if的条件从句当从句中有were,had或should时，可省略if，而把它们放在句首。IfIweretomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.WereItomeethimtomorrow,Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.ShouldhefailintheexperimentIfyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.,虚拟语气在在条件从句中,Hadyoucomeafew.,4.without,butfor，or和otherwise构成虚拟。butfor要不是，or否则（含蓄条件句）1.）Withoutsunlight,therewouldbenolifeonourplanet.2.）Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnthavefinishedthework.3.）Iwasillthatday.otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.(副词)4.）Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(连词),2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。,insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desireetc.,Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.,Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.,注意：suggest当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。,Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.,Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.,他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意,那个人坚持说他没有偷钱,在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should动词原形”should可以省略,（2）用于表语从句和同位语从句,Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.,Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.,Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.,二.名词性从句的虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。,宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command三个建议：advise,suggest,propose五个要求：demand,require,request,desireask,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中,注意:insist/suggest各有两意思，要用不同的语气表“坚决要求”,虚拟,should+do;表“坚称,坚持说”,陈述语气,表事实。表“建议”，虚拟,should+do;表“表明、暗示”，用陈述语气。1.Theteachersuggestedthatwe_moreafterclass.（我们课后多练习）2.Thelookonherfacesuggestedthatshe_happy3.Heinsistedthatallofus_thereontimebyanymeans.（我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿）4.Heinsistedthathe_thewallet(没有偷钱包).,insist,suggest,(should)practise,was,shouldbe,didntsteal,我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,WesuggestedthatTomhavearest.,HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.,Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.,Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。即：(should)V.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,ItssuggestedthattheplanMydemandisthatshetoseemeonceaweek.Wearefortheadvicethatthefactorycloseddown.,becarriedout.,shouldcome,shouldbe,、wish后面的宾语从句中。一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：,表现在过去时表过去过去完成时表将来would,might,could动词原形,Iwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.Iwish(that)Iwouldcouldgo.,三.虚拟语气特殊句型:,1.wish的宾语从句,现在:过去时（were）过去:过去完成时未来:would/could/might+V.should,IwishIastallasyou.,were,Iwisheverydaymybirthday.,were,Iwish/wishedIeatensomuchwatermelon.,(2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had过去分词”。,hadnt,Iwishitraintomorrow.,would,Helooksasifhedrunk.,Theytalkedasiftheyfriendsforyears.,Shelovesthebabyasifitherownson.Irememberedthewholethingasifityesterday.,were,hadhappened,hadbeen,were,2,Asif/though和wish用法相同,3.wouldrather(that),现在,将来：过去：,Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.,Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.,Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.,过去时,过去完成时,3.Its(about/high)time+(that),should+V.,过去时,我们该去睡觉了。,Itstimethatwe.Itstimethatwetobed.,(Should不可省略),wenttobed,shouldgo,4.Ifonly要是就好了IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIweretoseehimagain!,要是我们的父母和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！,Ifonlyourparentslivedwithus!,IfonlyIhadntmissedthetrain!,虚拟语气,Alan_thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissedC.wouldmissD.missed2.Itwasthedrug，notthedisease，thatkilledtheboy.Hewouldbestillalivetodayifhe_thatdrug.A.nottakeB.hadnttakenC.didnttakeD.shouldnthavetaken,Exercises,虚拟语气,3.IfonlyI_tomyparents!(ButIdidnt.)A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shouldlistenD.wouldlisten4.TomsuggestedthatAnn_thehouse.A.sellB.soldC.shallsellD.wouldsell5.Iwishthisbus_totheuniversity.A.goB.wentC.hasgoneD.hadgone,虚拟语气,9.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?-No,butIwishI_.A.haveB.willC.doD.had10.Idontthinkitistherighttimethatyou_.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.mustgo11.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken,1.Ifmyfather_herenow,he_tellmewhattodo.A.were,wouldBwere,willCis,wouldDwas,will2.IfI_abee,I_workmuchharde