专题-1高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧.ppt

,猜测词义,Guessingmeanings,词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.Theword“”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_.2.Theword“”ismostlikelytomean_.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“”standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“”means_.,Lead-in(导入),1.Definition定义法,3.Similarity相似法,2.Contrast对比法,4.Causeandeffect因果法,5.Example例举法,8.CommonSense普通常识,6.WordFormation构词法,猜测词义,7.Context上下文,Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittlethatis,itwillbreakeasily.,1.Definition定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。,(adj.易碎的,脆的),Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.,(n.牧羊人),信号词：be,becalled,means,bedefinedas,thatis,thatistosay,inotherwords,-(破折号)等.Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.Desertcanbedefinedasalargeareaoflandwherethereisnotenoughrainandvegetationtosupporthumanlife.,蚊子,沙漠,Ex.1Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.Theyarevertebrates,thatis,animalshavebackbones.Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort.,木匠,动物学家,脊椎动物,青春期,“Gettingthecoldshoulder”meansthatsomeoneisactuallyinawaythatmakesyoufeelunwanted.Theverywordscreateapicture:Youcanimagineafriendturningawaysothat,insteadofawarmgreeting,youreceiveonlyhisshouldera“cold”shoulder.,Theexpression“gettingthecoldshoulder”means_.,beingtreatedrudelybypayingnoattentiontoyou,B.greetingyoufriendly,C.greetingyoubyrubbingshoulderswithyou,D.feedingyoucoldmeat,2.Contrast对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比的信号词有yet,but,while,thoughhowever,otherwise,ontheonehandontheotherhand,foronethingforanotherthing,insteadof等。,ThoughTomsfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.,污秽的,节约的,Ex.2Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.Althoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoney,Iwassurethathewasinnocentofthetheft.,混乱,无辜的,天生的,Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.,(v.不同意),3.Similarity相似法：利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。,Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormoustask.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.,(adj.巨大的;极大的),当被猜的词前后有信号词:or,like,asas,thesameas等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词义了。Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.,圆胖的,4.CauseEffect因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。,Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.,Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.,(adj.贫穷的,穷困的),(adj.大的),因果关系信号词:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,sothat,suchthat,thusRubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.,弹性的,混浊的,5.Example例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的信号词有forinstance,forexample,suchas:such,like,especially,include,consistof等,Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.,(n.电器用具),Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.,家禽,装置,6.WordFormation构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。,中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能的）-less（不，无）-wards(向),supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronouce(非自然的)homelessnonsmoker(无家可归的)rebuildeastwards(重建),Canyouguesstherightmeanings?,(微波),(非烟民),(发错音),(向东),TodaythesportispopularinLatinAmerica,Asiaand,unfortunately,insomepartsoftheUnitedStates-eventhoughitisunlawfulinalmosteverystate.,Whatdoestheword“unlawful”possiblymean?,A.allowedbythelaw,C.againstthelaw,B.inaccordancewiththelaw,D.havingnothingtodowiththelaw,Prefix(前缀）usualunusualhappy-unhappy,Eg.Imgoingtobuyamicrobus.,micro+bus微型公共汽车,Thispossibilitywasunforeseeable，becauseitalmostneverhappened.,un+foresee+able不可预见的,7.Context上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。,A,(n.猫头鹰),A,(n.猿),8.Commonsense普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。,在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。,Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.Metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled.,麻药,波纹,膨胀,冷缩,Oneofsymptomscausedbythepeculiarillnessisahighfever.Becausethischemicalliquidishighlyvolatile,wemustkeepitinabottlewhichhasatightlid.Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.,症状,易挥发的,颤抖,Inquiry-basedActivities(I)探究活动(1),1.同位法。同位语部分alargebuildinginoldtimes给出了castle的确切词义，即“城堡”。,Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.,2.定义法。定语从句中wholooksaftersheep就表明herdsman的词义为牧人。,Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.,3.同位法。两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明nightshift是“夜班”的意思。,Weareonthenightshift-frommidnightto8a.m.-thisweek.,Albertssuccessaftermucheffortandpracticeprovesthevalueofpersistence.A.timeB.competitionC.perseverance2.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.A.成功的B.徒劳的C.有效的D.匆促的,3.ThoughMr.Smithhasbeenmanagerforjust3months,hehasalreadymademuchgreaterachievementsthanhispredecessors.A.上级B.前任C.同事D.下级,4.Shedidnthearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.A.心不在焉的B.紧张的C.全神贯注的D.睡意浓的,5.Twelve-year-oldSallywasanactivegirl.Buthersisterwasquitesedate.A.prettyB.calmC.protectiveD.energetic6.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewontgiveituphalfway.A.strongB.firmC.kindD.clever,祝,功,成,你,!,7.Theflowersinthevasewitheredbecausetheyhadnowater.A.becamesweeterB.becameredC.becamedry8.Justforfun,theydecidedtotryaverycircuitouscountryroadinsteadofthemoredirecthighway.A.directB.indirectC.straight,祝,功,成,你,!,Canyouguessthecorrectmeaningsofthefollowingwords?-1.Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A.雪山B.树枝C.冰河D.冰2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewontgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever3.Mr.BrownisnowworkingatPrincetonUniversityfarawayfromhome.Forthisreasonhehastorentaroomneartheofficewhereheworks.A.租用B.借出C.购买D.参观,C,A,B,4.Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest5.Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighborallcallheraneccentriclady.A.爱猫的B.古怪的C.闲不住D.动物保护主义者6.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenurytogreatwealth.A.便士B.温饱C.非常贫困D.虚弱,A,B,C,Inquiry-basedActivities(II)探究活动(2),Amanspositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage(宗系),andhistribe.Theword“disgrace”means_inthistext.A.honorB.endangerC.proudD.shame,D,Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(参议院)opposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattherulershouldleavethecountryforever.Theunderlinedword“banished”mean_.A.killedbystoningB.sentawayC.imprisonedD.punishedbywhipping,B,Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithabroomstick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight,withnofoodbreaks.Itwasverytediouswork,butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons.Becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus,Ihadtobe