Unit 4 A view of Mountainsppt课件

Text1AViewofMountains,Unit4AViewofMountains,AtomicBombDetonationatHiroshimaAsmanyknow,theatomicbombhasbeenusedonlytwiceinwarfare.ThefirstwasatHiroshima.AuraniumbombnicknamedLittleBoy(despiteweighinginatoverfourandahalftons)wasdroppedonHiroshimaAugust6,1945.Inaninstant,66,000peoplewerekilledand69,000injuredbya10-kilotonatomicexplosion.Theareaoftotalvaporizationfromtheatomicbombblastmeasuredonehalfmileindiameter;totaldestructiononemileindiameter;severeblastdamageasmuchastwomilesindiameter.Withinadiameteroftwoandahalfmiles,everythingflammableburned.Theremainingareaoftheblastzonewasriddledwithseriousblazesthatstretchedouttothefinaledgeatalittleoverthreemilesindiameter.,Thehypocenter-EntrancetoShimaHospital,ShimomuraJewelersLocation:Harimaya-cho(now,Hondori)Distancefromhypocenter（震源）:approx.620mEstablishedin1873,ShimomuraJewelersbuiltthisnewstorein1928.Itsclocktowerwithclocksonallfoursideswaseye-catching.However,sincethestructurelackedinternalsupportpillars,thesidewallsgavewayundertheatomicblast.Thesecondfloorandclocktowerremainederectonthepulverizedfirstfloor,asifsittingonanincline.,HiroshimaGasCompany,HiroshimaPrefecturalIndustrialPromotionHall,HistoricalsitesdestroyedAstillstandingtorii(牌坊),brokentorii,apairofstonelanternsleaningindifferentdirections,theshrine（神殿）hallburnedtotheground,thecastlekeeptoppled.WhenIcameclosetothecastlekeep,lessthanonekilometerfromthehypocenter,Iwasastonishedbyasightthatdidntmakesense.Apileoflumberhadsomehowremainedunburned.Iwonderifthethickplasterwallshadprotecteditfromtheheatrays.AnsweredShigeoHayashi(林重男,arenownedJapanesephotographer),AtomicBombDetonationatNagasakiOnAugust9,1945,Nagasakifelltothesametreatment.ThistimeaPlutonium(环弹)bombnicknamedFatManwasdroppedonthecity.ThoughFatManmisseditstargetbyoveramileandahalf,itstilllevelednearlyhalfthecity.Inasplitsecond,Nagasakispopulationdroppedfrom422,000to383,000.Over25,000peoplewereinjured.JapanofferedtosurrenderonAugust10,1945.NOTE:Physicistswhohavestudiedthesetwoatomicexplosionsestimatethatthebombsutilizedonly1/10thof1percentoftheirrespectiveexplosivecapabilities.,ThemushroomcloudseenfromanAmericanaircraft,Nagasakitwodaysbeforetheatomicbombing,YosukeYamahataphotographer,TextAnanlysis,MainIdeaofthetextInthisargumentativeessay,theauthorshowsussomeofYamahataspicturesoftheNagasakidestroyedhalfacenturyago,andtelluswhatweshoulddoaboutthenuclearperilexistingtoday.,StructuralAnalysis,PartI(Para1)thewriterputsforwardhisthesis:aviewofmountainsinthebackgroundsuggeststherealextenttowhichthecitywasdestroyedbytheatomicbombing.PartII(Para2-3)theauthorarguesthatthebombingofNagasakiismorerepresentativeofthenuclearperilthreateningtheworldthanthatofHiroshimaandthatweneedtotakeactionstodispelnuclearthreatfromtheEarth.PartIII(Para4)thewritercallsonustotaketheresponsibilityofcreatingasaferworldfornewgenerations.,PartI,QuestionsWhydoestheauthorthinkthatYamahataspicturescomposethefullestrecordofnucleardestructioninexistence?Whydoestheauthorparticularlymention“aviewofmountains”inoneofthepictures?,Photos,picturesshowcorpsescharredinthepeculiarwayinwhichanuclearfireballcharsitsvictims,theirbodiesareoftenbrandedwiththepatternsoftheirclothes,whoseclothesabsorblightindifferentdegrees.,Anothershowsaheapofsomethingthatoncehadbeenhumanbeinghangingoveraledgeintoaditch.,Onephotographshowsahorsetwistedunderthecartithadbeenpulling.,LanguageAnalysis,Dispatch:Vt.(1)sendofftoadestinatione.g.Amessengerwasdispatchedtotakethenewstothesoldiersatthefront.一名通讯员被派去给前线士兵送消息。Thegovernmentwaspreparingtodispatch2000soldierstosearchtheisland.(2)infmltofinish(esp.food)quicklye.g.wesoondispatchedthechocolatecake.我们很快就吃完了巧克力蛋糕。n.amessagecarriedbyagovernmentofficial,orsenttoanewspaperbyoneofitswriters.Tosend/carryadispatchfromRometoLondon从罗马向伦敦发电讯稿；把急件从罗马送到伦敦,Constitute:compose,forme.g.FiftystatesconstitutetheUSA.Compare:Comprise,compose,consist,constituteCompose:组成部分+整体England,Scotland,andWalescomposetheislandofGreatBritain.Wateriscomposedofhydrogenandoxygen.Constitute:组成部分+整体（有时构成一种同等关系）England,Scotland,Wales,andNorthernconstitutetheUnitesKingdom.Thisconstitutesarealproblem.(=Thisisarealproblem.)Comprise:整体+组成部分或组成部分+整体Thecommitteecomprisestenpersons.Eighteendepartmentscomprisethefamousuniversity.Consist(vi.):整体+组成部分Waterconsistsofhydrogenandoxygen.,APithyFormula湖边数目rim树后坐着him压低帽的brim假装把书skim天色渐渐dim心仪美眉slim见她眼神grim佯装把头发trim可怜头发成victim,Theyhavebeenburnedbylighttechnicallyspeaking,bythe“thermalpulse”-andtheirbodiesarebrandedwithpatternsoftheirclothes,whoseclothsabsorblightindifferentdegrees.Technicallyspeaking,theyhavebeenburnedbythermalpulseakindoflight.Therefore,ontheirbodies,youcanoftenseethepatternsoftheirclothes,becausedifferentcolorsofthepatternsabsorbdifferentamountoflight.,technicallyspeaking(danglingparticiple)分词短语在句子中做状语时，其逻辑主语（或隐含主语）通常应是整个句子的主语；如果不是，而且其本身也不带自己的主语（如在独立主格结构中），就被认为是一个语言失误。这个分词就叫做“悬垂分词”。但少数悬垂分词已被接受，如：generally/specifically/simplyspeaking,Brandvt.(1)labelormarkwithorasifwithabrande.g.Thecattlearebrandedwiththefarmersinitials.这个农民给他的牛烙上了自己姓名的首字母。(2)Tomarkwithdisgraceorinfamy;stigmatize.Itsunfairtobrandallfootballsupportersastroublemakers.给所有球迷都加上闹事者的污名是不公平的(3)ToimpressfirmlyImageryofthewarhasbrandeditselfintothenationalconsciousness.战争的印象深深地铭刻在人民的脑海里Hisunhappychildhoodhasbrandedhimforhischaracter.他不愉快的童年给他的性格留下了终身的烙印。,Heapn.(1)adisorderlypileormassofthingsoneonoftheothere.g.Thebookslayinaheaponthefloor.书堆放在地板上。(2)(oftenfollowedbyof)alargenumberoramountorextentAheapofdirtyclotheswaitingtobewashed一堆要洗的衣服Wehaveheapsoftime.我们有很多时间。Bestruck/knockedallofaheaptobeverysurprisedorconfused.被惊呆，慌作一团,aheap/pile/massof(books),aheapofbooks,aheapofbooks,apileofbooks,amassofbooks,Athirdshowsagirlwhohassomehowsurvivedunwoundedstandingintheopenmouthofabombshelterandsmilinganunearthlysmile,shockinguswiththesightofordinarylife,whichotherwiseseemstohavebeenleftbehindforgoodinthesceneswearewitnessing.structureanalysis:unwounded做survived的补语；standingshelter/smilingsmile做agirl的定语;shocking分词短语作结果状语；which引导非限定性定语从句修饰前面一整句话。,forgood=forevereg.Hesaysthatheisleavingthecountryforgood.Completeform:forgoodandall,经典考题Mrs.Lackeywasawokenbytheringingofthebedsidephone12hoursafterherhusbandsboathadbeen_.A)wreckedB)collapsedC)decayedD)firedA.Mrs.Lackey床边的电话响了，把她从睡梦中惊醒，那时在她丈夫失事12小时后。collapse“倒塌，崩溃”decay“腐烂，衰退”,wreckagen.theremainingpartsofsomethingthathasbeenwreckedEg.theysearchedthewreckageforsignsofsurvivors“wreckn.(1)somethingorsomeonethathassufferedruin(2)anaccident(usuallyinvolvingoneormorevehicles)v.(1)smashorbreakforcefully(2)sufferfromanaccident,HistoricPresent(alsocalleddramaticpresentornarrativepresent)referstotheemploymentofthepresenttensewhennarratingpastevents.Besidesitsuseinwritingabouthistory,especiallyinhistoricalchronicles(listingaseriesofevents),itisusedinfiction,forhotnews(asinheadlines),andineverydayconversation.Literarycriticsandgrammarianshavesaidthatthehistoricalpresenthastheeffectofmakingpasteventsmorevivid.,HistoricPresentExample:InanexcerptfromDickensDavidCopperfield,wecanseetheshiftfromthepasttensetothehistoricalpresentgivesthesenseofimmediacy,asofarecurringvision,alsomakesthenarrativesmorevivid:“Ifthefuneralhadbeenyesterday,Icouldnotrecollectitbetter.Theveryairofthebestparlour,whenIwentinatthedoor,thebrightconditionofthefire,theshiningofthewineinthedecanters,thepatternsoftheglassesandplates,thefaintsweetsmellofcake,theodourofMissMurdstonesdress,andourblackclothes.Mr.Chillipisintheroom,andcomestospeaktome.AndhowisMasterDavid?hesays,kindly.Icannottellhimverywell.Igivehimmyhand,whichheholdsinhis.(ChapterIX)”,PartII,Questions:WhydoestheauthorsaysthebombingofNagasakiisthefittersymbolofthenuclearperil?Whyorwhynot?whatshouldwedoinadditiontoapprehendingthenuclearperil?,Comeintoonesowntoshowonestrueworthorabilities.E-C:Onslipperyroads,thistoughlittlecarreallycomesintoitsown.这辆结实的小车在易打滑的路面上真是显示出它的长处。Hisstudyhasnotyetcomeintoitsown.他的研究仍然没有得到应有的承认。Hewrotesuccessfulnovelsbefore,buthereallycomeintohisownwiththelatestone.他从前写过一些成功的小说，但在最近的一部中他才真正充分发挥了自己的特长。,Similarphrasesas“inaflash”inasplitsecondinasecondinablinkinaflashinawinkinamomentinaninstantinaminute,NagasakihasalwaysbeenintheshadowofHiroshima,asifthehuamnimaginationhadstumbledtoexhaustioninthewreckageofthefirstruinedcitywithoutreachingeventheoutskirtsofthesecond.NagasakeislessfamousthanHiroshima,asifthehumanimaginationhadbeenexhaustedandstoppedatthewreckageofthefirstruinedcityandfailedtoreacheventheoutskirtsofNagasaki.,stumble:v.walkunsteadily/missastepandfallornearlyfalleg.overatoneThegirlfinishedthewhiskyandthenstumbledupstairsandintobed.搭配stumbleon/over绊在某物上stumbleat/overaword说话结结巴巴stumbleacross偶然遇到，碰巧找到,Ifyoukeepyoureyessofixedonheaventhatyouneverlookattheearth,youwillstumbleintohell.Ifyoualwayslookbeyondtherangeofthereality,youwilltrapyourselfinaplight(asituationfromwhichisdifficultespeciallyanunpleasantortryingone).如果你的眼睛总盯着天堂而不看地面，你会跌入地狱的。,Pleasedistinguish:stagger/stumble/totter,Hangover(esp.ofanunpleasantevent)tobeabouttohappenorseemlikelytohappensoonE-C:Theprospectofdefeatisnowhangingoverthem./ThethreatofwarhungoverEuropefor21years./Aneconomiccrisiswashangingoverthecapitalistworld.,Eachpicturethereforeseemednotsomuchanimageofsomethingthathappenedahalf-centuryagoasawindownotsomuchAasB=notsomuchAbut(rather)BEachpictureseemednotanimageofsomethingthathappenedacenturyagobutawindowthatwasfixedintothewallofthephotographycentershowingwhatcouldeasilyhappentoNYsoon.,Theknightisnotsomuchbr