OLeary2008CEComplete Chapter14 Programming and Languagesppt课件

Chapter14,ProgrammingandLanguages,14-2,Competencies(Page1of2),DescribethesixstepsofprogrammingDiscussdesigntoolsincludingtop-downdesign,pseudocode,flowcharts,andlogicstructuresDescribeprogramtestingandthetoolsforfindingandremovingerrors,Page4398,14-3,Competencies(Page2of2),DescribeCASEtoolsandobject-orientedsoftwaredevelopmentExplainthefivegenerationsofprogramminglanguages,Page398,14-4,Introduction,Inthischapterprogrammingisdescribedintwoparts:(1)thestepsintheprogrammingprocessand(2)someoftheprogramminglanguagesavailable.ProgrammingispartofPhase4,systemsdevelopment,inthesystemslifecycle.Competentendusersneedtounderstandtherelationshipbetweensystemsdevelopmentandprogramming.,Page399,14-5,ProgramsandProgramming,WhatisaProgram?Aproblem-solvingprocedureAlistofinstructionsPrewrittenCustom-writtenApplicationsoftwareSystemsoftware,Page400,14-6,WhatisProgramming?,ProgrammingissoftwaredevelopmentSixstepprocedureProgramspecificationProgramdesignProgramcodeProgramtestProgramdocumentationProgrammaintenance,Page400,14-7,Step1:ProgramSpecification,Page401,Alsocalledprogramsdefinitionorprogramanalysis5StepProcessProgramObjectivesDesiredOutputInputDataProcessingRequirementsDocumentProgramSpecifications,14-8,ProgramObjectives,ObjectivesaretheproblemsthatyouaretryingtosolveProgrammingrequiresaclearstatementoftheproblemthatyouarelookingtoaddress,Return,Page401,14-9,ProgramSpecificationStepsContinued,Page402,DesiredoutputInputDataProcessingRequirementsProgramSpecificationsDocument,Exampleofstatementofhoursworked,Enduserssketchofdesiredoutput,14-10,Step2:ProgramDesign,PlanasolutionUsestructuredprogrammingtechniquesTop-downprogramdesignPseudocodeFlowchartsLogicstructures,Page403,14-11,Top-DownProgramDesign,Page403,Return,14-12,Pseudocode,Providesanoutlineofthelogicandsummaryforaprogram,Page404,Return,14-13,Flowchart,Page404,Return,Flowchartsymbols,Flowchartexample,14-14,LogicStructures,SequencestructureSelectionstructureLoopstructure,Page404,14-15,Step3:ProgramCode,WritingtheprogramorcodingThegoodprogramReliableCatchinputerrorsUnderstandabletootherprogrammersStructuredprogramsbestmethodUsethemostappropriatecomputerlanguageCoding,Page407,14-16,Coding,FormattingorpresentationlanguageProgramminglanguage,Page408,14-17,Step4:ProgramTest,DebuggingTestingEliminatingerrorsSyntaxerrorsLogicerrorsTestingprocess,Page422,14-18,Step5:ProgramDocumentation,WrittendescriptionsandproceduresaboutaprogramImportantforpeoplewhowillusetheprogramUsersOperatorsProgrammers,Page411,14-19,Step6:ProgramMaintenance,75%oftotallifetimecostError-freeoperationsEffectiveprogramTwocategoriesOperationsChangingneeds,Page412,14-20,CaseTools,Computer-aidedsoftwareengineering(CASE)AutomatedevelopmentprocessDesigningCodingTestingactivities,Page414,14-21,Object-OrientedSoftwareDevelopment,Focuseslessonprocedures,moreonrelationshipbetweenobjectsOOP:Object-orientedprogrammingObjectcontainsboththedataandtheprocessingoperations,Page415,14-22,GenerationsofProgrammingLanguages(Page1of2),Occurringin“generations”or“levels”Levels-MachinelanguagestonaturallanguagesTherearefivegenerations:LowerlevelclosertomachinelanguageHigherlevelclosertohuman-likelanguage,Page415,14-23,1st-Machinelanguages2nd-Assemblylanguages3rd-Highlevelprocedurallanguages(3GL)4th-Problem-Orientedlanguages(4GL)5th-NaturalLanguages&Visualprogramminglanguages(5GL),Page415,GenerationsofProgrammingLanguages(Page2of2),14-24,CareersInIT,Computerprogrammerscreate,test,andtroubleshootprogramsResponsibilitymayalsoincludeupdatingandrepairingexistingprogramsEmployersseekindividualswithabachelorsdegreeincomputerscienceorinformationsystemsbuttherearepositionsavailableforthosewithatwo-yeardegreeDesiredtraitsincludepatience,logicalthinking,andattentiontodetailComputerProgrammerscanexpecttoearn$48K-$81Kannually,Page418,14-25,ALooktotheFutureMI-Tech,SynapseSolutionshascreatedasystemcalledMI-techUnderstandswordorderandmeaningComputertranslateswishlistintomachinelanguage,Page419,14-26,DiscussionQuestions(Page1of2),Identifyanddiscusseachofthesixstepsofprogramming.DescribeCASEtoolsandOOP.HowdoesCASEassistprogrammers?Whatismeantby“generation”inreferencetoprogramminglanguages?Whatisthedifferen