关节式钻床设计【模仿人手和臂的某些动作功能】【说明书+CAD+SOLIDWORKS】
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模仿人手和臂的某些动作功能
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关节式钻床机械工业是国民的装备部，是为国民经济提供装备和为人民生活提供耐用消费品的产业。不论是传统产业，还是新兴产业，都离不开各种各样的机械装备，机械工业所提供装备的性能、质量和成本，对国民经济各部门技术进步和经济效益有很大的和直接的影响。机械工业的规模和技术水平是衡量国家经济实力和科学技术水平的重要标志。因此，世界各国都把发展机械工业作为发展本国经济的战略重点之一。关节式钻床是近几十年发展起来的一种高科技半自动化生产设备。关节式钻床的是工业机器人的一个重要分支。它的特点是可通过编程来完成各种预期的作业任务，在构造和性能上兼有人和机器各自的优点，尤其体现了人的智能和适应性。关节式钻床作业的准确性和各种环境中完成作业的能力，在国民经济各领域有着广阔的发展前景。关节式钻床是在机械化，自动化生产过程中发展起来的一种新型装置。在现代生产过程中，关节式钻床被广泛的运用于自动生产线中，机械人的研制和生产已成为高技术邻域内，迅速发展起来的一门新兴的技术，它更加促进了关节式钻床的发展，使得关节式钻床能更好地实现与机械化和自动化的有机结合。关节式钻床虽然目前还不如人手那样灵活，但它具有能不断重复工作和劳动，不知疲劳，不怕危险，钻孔的范围比传统的台式钻床大的特点，因此，关节式钻床已受到许多部门的重视，并越来越广泛地得到了应用。关节式钻床技术涉及到力学、机械学、电气气技术、自动控制技术、传感器技术和计算机技术等科学领域，是一门跨学科综合技术。关节式钻床是一种能自动化定位控制并可重新编程序以变动的多功能机器，它有多自由度，可用来钻孔、攻牙以完成在各个不同环境中工作。 关节式钻床是能模仿人手和臂的某些动作功能，用以按照摆臂旋转的区域自行转动钻孔、攻牙的半自动化设备。它可代替普通台式钻床加工空间固定，不能灵活移动钻孔、攻牙的缺陷，能在摆臂旋转的360度的区域里面完成任意位置任意工件的钻孔、攻牙，因而广泛应用于机械制造、模具加工，锻造，冶金等等领域，在加工领域占据了越来越重要的位置。本文主要进行了关节式钻床的总体结构设计和气动设计。关节式钻床的机械结构由气缸、旋转关节和钻孔装置组成，可按预定轨迹运动，在任意的有效区域内实现对工件的钻孔，攻牙的操作。气动部分的设计主要是选择合适的控制阀，设计合理的气动控制回路，通过控制和调节气缸压缩空气的压力、流量和方向来使气动执行机构获得必要的力、动作速度和改变运动方向，并按规定的程序工作。本文详细介绍了运用SolidWorks软件（3D 机械设计软件的标准）进行关节式钻长的设计。由于SolidWorks软件无论对零件设计，还是对整个机构设计都起了一个模拟仿真的作用，在SolidWorks软件中，我们可以直观，清楚地了解整个设计的外形，运作甚至是材料的分析。借助SolidWorks，将产品更快地投入市场。SolidWorks 提供无与伦比的性能和价值，它是技术创新的领先者，并且还拥有最大的用户群。没有其他CAD 系统可以帮助您快速准确地完成产品设计工作。本文先对SolidWorks软件作出简介，对此三维软件作出一系列的说明，而后对关节式钻床设备进行介绍，并结合SolidWorks软件，将二者融会贯通。通过SolidWorks软件设计，从二维的AUTOCAD零件图纸，到三维的SolidWorks整个设备，大大地提高了设计的效果和效率，避免了工程师们在现实中出现的错误，切切实实地展现出三维软件的强大性能。Joint type drilling machine Beijing Institute of Aviation Technology Liu xin YaAbstract introduced a concurrent engineering, agile manufacturing and sophisticated production, and other advanced manufacturing technology and the characteristics of the development of machine tools in the portfolio of applications, how to deepen and extend the application of specific measures.In the machine tool industry, with the social demands of the continuous improvement of products, along with the growing competition in the market to meet user requirements, including the improvement of product quality, shorten production cycles, reduce costs, improve service and win market has become a breakthrough. In order to achieve this goal and win market, it should be the introduction of modern and advanced manufacturing technology: concurrent engineering, agile manufacturing and sophisticated production, in order to promote the development of combination machine.Concurrent Engineering is also known as concurrent engineering, integrated, parallel to optimize product design and its related processes (including manufacturing and support) system approach, which guide the product development staff began to consider a product from concept to design to the demise of throughout the life cycle of all the factors, including quality, cost, programming and user needs.Concurrent Engineering is the first to shorten product development cycles as a means to develop. Products will be characterized by the development, production engineering involved in the acts broken down into a series of tasks, such as market analysis, design, process design, production plans and equipment purchases, processing, quality assurance, testing and after sales service. These sub-tasks as far as possible and consider synchronous parallel to achieve improved design to shorten the cycle and improve quality, reduce costs, optimize the design purpose. It stressed that integrated, coordinated and parallel, namely: (1) management, design, production, and service of all project-related personnel and product information integration as a whole, and stressed that all relevant departments and the interests of the overall goal line (2) to the establishment of a competent and reasonable charge of the project personnel structure of the working group coordinated management model, by the Working Group in the ministries responsible for project elements, and the promotion of the coordination of tasks, (3) parallel processing stages of the work. According to the project in the different tasks of the linkages between the different ministries mandate of the elements of the work process can be completely overlap or duplication. In accordance with these principles, formulate a reasonable, and optimize the work plan, and the location in which the necessary settings assessment, the Working Group by the project implementation so that all sub-tasks in parallel, to move forward in an orderly manner, so as to ensure the smooth implementation of the whole project .According to the traditional methods of work, the work of the various stages in a row serial. In such a product development approach, divorced from each other at various stages, are not related, resulting in increased design error, and difficult to discover such a design rework, to lengthen the development cycle, adding to the costs.Parallel working methods used, the process will be integrated with parallel consideration, the work can be carried out duplication. Problems can be promptly coordinate the changes so that the follow-up stage left to increase the difficulty of correction And costs. Thus, the application of concurrent engineering can significantly shorten the product development cycle, reduce costs, it is suitable for the development of professional portfolio machine.Concurrent engineering methods will be applied to product development, the effect was very significant. March 1997, Beijing Institute of Aviation Technology with a motorcycle design and manufacturing plants to sign the 6-crank machine project contract for delivery end of the year, and the requirements of machine tools in the past quite different. In the project using a concurrent engineering approach, in parallel, cross-operation , greatly reducing the design, manufacture period, the successful completion of the tasks.Parallel development of the combination of machine specific methods are:(1) the establishment of a multi-composed of professionals to develop working groups. By the Working Group of the specific part of the implementation of the project, members of the Working Group in collaboration division of duties, timely and coordinated in order to achieve optimization of the design. Such as a machine tool demand in the clamping fixture parts to the process of floating, if separate consideration from the mechanical structure to meet this requirement more difficult, complex structure of the fixture. Later, with the hydraulic design of electrical control and coordinate, control procedures proposed amendments to change the order clamping action, adjusting the hydraulic pressure of solutions to meet the requirements of the clamping.(2) in the formulation of programmes, the signing of the contract stage, on the preliminary identified a number of standard components.(3) Multiple Multi-accreditation programme. Machine Tool Technology in determining the overall programme, key components in the overall design process, many times by the Solidworks committee to review the design plan, and put into production before the user in the design plan joint trials. Thus, from the design to take into account the beginning of a process design, tooling design, manufacturing, assembly and other downstream various stages of debugging problems that may arise, thus greatly reducing the number of design changes Rated meet user requirements, to achieve design best.(4) a design pre-release method. Machine overall plans in a formal drawing ago, has been released in stages set by the main structure and the major components of data, process design, tooling design can be carried out ahead of schedule. In the design of the machine tool to determine some components such as fixtures, tools such as the coordination of size, and at the same time began to design and tool fixture, and, also identified slider, mobile workstations and other components, these components have the choice as far as possible Standard components, in the design of its operation will be completed. And the overall design of the various components such as fixtures, and timely coordination between the tool, linked to changes in the size of each other timely coordination so that the size of other relevant drawings are promptly corrected.(5) components in the design of the processing cycle can be long specific parts such as folders, such as casting stereotypes as soon as possible to advancing the process design, production.(6) completion of the various components of a design, process design and ready to enter the production stage. Therefore, the various components of the parts is in the workshop, parallel processing.Adopt this approach, the Working Group 4 were used only four weeks time on the part of generic components such as the slider, mobile platforms and power first went into operation at the same time, the completion of the mechanical design of the machine and outsourcing of orders. Machine tool production process, the various components in the Beijing Institute of Aviation Technology Association, and several manufacturers at the same time. In the machine, installation and debugging, but also several machine at the same time, through these work, and machine tools for the timely delivery of valuable time.Agile manufacturing in the United States of the Caspian Sea, the 21st century manufacturing strategy in the report of a new manufacturing paradigm. After development, the United States lacocca Institute will be defined as: a company that is agile in the market for the unpredictable changes in the competitive environment in the development and prosperity of a capability, that is rapidly changing global market a rapid response capability, with the company computer network and the global production system, the market, competitors to link up in the high-quality, high-performance, low-cost, customer product configuration settings, such as user demand-driven market situation demonstrated a capability. Characterized by the flexible production technology, flexible organization management and professional skills of the staff have integrated into a coordinated, interconnected systems, in order to achieve the strategic goal of reunification, the same industry in different enterprises through joint infrastructure links, past life-and-death competition will become friendly and cooperative competition, thereby changing market faster response. Therefore, this technology is suitable for the development of professional portfolio machine.(1) promote the Agile first modular products, reflected in the composition of the machine is in the machine tool components and the standardization of serialization. Crankshaft Machine Tool in the development and design, can greatly shorten the design cycle, the application of concurrent engineering is a factor, large number of standard components, the application of common components is a key element.(2) In the Agile Manufacturing, must reflect the people and organizations is the most valuable asset. In the production of large quantities, people are always Solidworks solution as manufacture and sale of the crux of the problem, and in Agile Manufacturing, the best use of people is the key to solve the problem, technology is only a method or means. Therefore, the need for the Project Working Group organizational model advocated hard working, give full play to their initiative.Sophisticated production is the United States in the 1990s, Japans Toyota Motor Corporation summed up production management methods on the basis of summing up by the production. It stressed that by improving the production of enterprises in the management of the activities, including the efficiency of various activities and cost accounting, to achieve the fastest speed of response to the market, the lowest cost of production, the optimal product design to design and Manufacturing of products needed by the market. Its features are user-God, a people-centred, as a means to streamline, to zero defect goal.Can be seen from the above analysis, and advanced manufacturing technology in the Beijing Institute of Aviation Technology Portfolio machine has been developed in a number of applications, but still need to further deepen and extend the application. In later work, Should pay attention to the following aspects:(1) Working Group on the further implementation of the project model, a responsibility to the people, by the use of concurrent engineering group responsible for the completion of the way from the machine tool technology programme to design, manufacture, testing and delivery of the work of the staff at the same time strengthen the knowledge and skills training, keep track machine tool industry at home and abroad combination of the latest developments.(2) market changes and the development of pre-study plan at the same time maintain close ties with users, users who regularly visit provides its users with quality after-sales service, and equipment operation and understanding of user needs, in order to improve the design.(3) high-quality products to win customers. Machine Tool in the development portfolio, in addition to enhancing the sense of quality, the new technology, the application of new technology in the market is also an important means. Now users generally require machine efficiency, flexibility, and adapt to small quantities and variety of processing. Portfolio Tool to enhance the efficiency of production and increase in the design should be cutting speed, the use of advanced tools, centralized processing consider three aspects.(4) attention to the dev
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