构词法(优质课件)

,构词法(WordFormation),Ifyoumeetthenewwordswhilereading,whatwillyoudo?,Itsnotalwaysnecessarytounderstandthemeaningofeveryword,justgoonreading!,Guessthemeaning!,How?,Whenwedealwiththeproblemsinreadingcomprehension,wecanuseWordFormationtohelpus,butthecontext(上下文，语境)isalsoveryimportant.,1.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonestperson.3.Abad-lookingpickpocketstolemywallet,根据构词法猜词,首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律,其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-,im-,mis-,-less,-ness等。,dis+honest不诚实的,pick+pocket扒手,派生法（Derivation）,合成法(Compounding),转化法（Conversion）,缩略法（Abbreviation）,Guess,合成词Compound,pain-killer,止痛药,color-blind,色盲,sleep-walk,梦游,sleep-walker,二、合成法（Compounding）,class+room=classroomblack+board=blackboardwarm+heart+ed=warmhearted,把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。,合成词汇展厅,一.合成名词二.合成动词三.合成形容词四.合成副词五.合成代词,一.合成名词,例词,class+room,名词名词,构成方式,black+board,形容词名词,hand+writing;,名词+动名词（V-ing）,waiting+room;,动名词+名词,pain+killer,名词+动词(er/or),pick+pocket;,动词+名词,turn+off岔道,动词+副词,out+put,副词动词,after+noon,介词副词名词,二.合成动词,名词动词,overcome;,副词动词,whitewash,形容词动词,sleepwalk;,构成方式1,构成方式.,构成方式.,三.合成形容词,名词过去分词,snow+white,名词+形容词,English+speaking,名词现在分词,man+made,构成方式,例词,high+class,形容词名词,light+blue,形容词形容词,good+looking,形容词现在分词,warm+heart+ed,形容词名词+ed,second+hand,数词名词,hard+working,副词现在分词,well+known,副词过去分词,under+ground,介词名词,四.合成副词,however;,副词副词,anywhere;whatever,代词副词,downstairs;upstairs,副词名词,anyway,形容词名词,构成方式1,构成方式2,构成方式3,构成方式4.,五.合成代词,something;everything;nobody;someone;anybody,构成方式：,some/any/no+thing/one/body,Practice:Makecompoundwordsafterthemodels.A:passerwellseafireoverfriendB:byknowensidefightercoatshipModel:part+time=part-time,passer-bywell-knownseasidefirefighterovercoatfriendship,1)Thefirelastedabout4hoursbeforethe_couldcontrolit.2)Atschoolsheformedaclose_withseveralothergirls.3)Theydecidetospendtheirholidayatthe_.4)Heputonahatand_beforehewentout.5)Theyoftenperforminthestreetsforthe_.6)Imsureyouwillbe_soon.,passers-by,well-known,firefighters,friendship,seaside,overcoat,2.Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.,转化法（Conversion）,Ithasagoodtaste.,Ittastesverygood.,hand,n.手,v.递送,wrong,adj.错误的,n.错的事,Wealwayswalkhandinhand.,Pleasehandmethebook.,Thereissomethingwrongwiththecar.,Hedidntknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.,clean,adj.干净,v.清扫,Pleasekeeptidyandclean.,Youhavetocleantheblackboardafterclass.,1.JimdreamsofbeingthebestfootballplayerinEngland.2.Pleasestophere,anditisthebusstop.3.Thecarsloweddowntohalfitsspeed.6.Dontusetoocoldwatertowaterflowers.7.Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.,派生法Derivation,派生法,前缀,后缀,否定前缀,其他前缀,名词后缀,形容词后缀,副词后缀,动词后缀,否定前缀,其他前缀,加前缀：happy-_happy加后缀：develop-develop_既加前缀又加后缀：employ-_employ_,un,ment,un,ment,派生词（derivation）,1.派生词注意:前缀一般只改变词义,不改变词类;后缀一般只改变词类,不引起词义变化,Derivation:1)前缀:,表示否定的前缀：un-unfair,unhappynon-nonsmoker(常用在n.adj.adv.前)in-inactive(常用在adj.后)dis-disagree,disappearim-impolite,impossible(用在b，p，m开头的词前),表示错误或过失的前缀:mis-misunderstand,misdirect(误导)表示两个,双边的前缀：bi-bicolor(双色的),bicycle表示相互,交互,在一起的前缀inter-interview,international,internet表示又,再,重新的前缀re-review,return,rewrite表示远的前缀teletelephone,television,2)后缀:,动词变名词：,-tioneducation,invitation,prediction-mentdevelopment,movement,disappointment-erteacher,worker,runner,singer-orvisitor,sailor,tutor,actor-ist(人,名词后缀)scientist,terrorist-ese(民族,语言,名词后缀)Chinese,Japanese,形容词变名词,-nesshappiness,meanness,carelessness-ityability,possibility,名词变形容词：,-ywindy,rainy,healthy,funny,cloudy-ishfoolish,feverish-somehandsome,troublesome-ousdangerous,humorous-fulhelpful,careful,peaceful,colorful-lesshomeless,helpless,careless-edsurprised,balanced,talented-inginteresting,outstanding-altraditional,international,natural,名词、形容词变动词：,-ifybeautify,simplify-izerealize,modernize-enquicken,widen,sharpendeepen,一、派生法（Derivation）,由词根(root)加前缀（prefix）或后缀（suffix）构成新词。,un-,dis-in-im-mis-non-,understandpolitesmokerlikeimportantactive,Isitdifficultforyoutogetupinthemorning?Doyousometimesoversleep?,1.over-:toomuch,overwork,overeat,abovesth;across,overcoat,overhead,Someimportantprefixes（前缀）:,Thetrainsare_onFridayevenings.(crowded),overcrowded,Heenlargedhisvocabularybyreadingwidely.,2.en-动词前缀,enable,endanger,Readingcan_yourlife.(rich),enrich,Someimportantsuffixes:,-ment,-ion,-ness,-tion,-ful,-able,-less,-en等,sharpenapencil,strengthen,brighten,3.Writeouttheoriginalwords.,unchangeableadj._dislikev._impossibilityn._unfriendlyadj._overworkv._misunderstandingn._athleticadj._Misread误解v._translatorn._,change,like,possible,friend,look,understand,athlete,read,translate,II.构词法专练。给下列单词加上前缀dis-,un-,in-或im-,构成意思相反的词。1.agree_plete_3.healthy_4.important_5.able_6.cover_7.known_8.practical_9.tidy_10.perfect_11.visible_12.fit_,disagree,incomplete,unhealthy,unimportant,unable,discover/uncover,unknown,impractical,untidy,imperfect,invisible,unfit,PracticeI,Practice(II):,rain(形容词)_agree(反义)_nation(形容词)_farm(人)_recent(副词)_friend(形容词)_hope(形容词)_back(形容词)_visit(名词)_home(形容词)_eight(序数词)_true(名词)_America(形容词)_China(形容词)_,按括号内的要求改写下列单词,rainy,national,recently,hopeful,visitor,eighth,American,disagree,farmer,friendly,backwards,homeless,truth,Chinese,四、缩略法（Abbreviation）,DIYVIPSOSWWW,DoItYourself,VeryImportantPerson,SaveOurShip,WorldWideWeb,BTWBRBFTFICICQRUOKTHXTTUL,bythewayberightbackfacetofaceIseeIseeyou.我找你AreyouOK?thankstalktoyoulater,构词法精练,1.Thatmanwas_enoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.A.careB.carefulC.carelessD.carelessness2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild，sohis_isheavierthanMountTai.A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death3.Thechildlooked_athisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.A.sadlyB.sadC.happilyD.happiness4.Heisanexpertatchemistry.Weallcallhima_.A.chemistryB.chemicalC.chemistD.physician,1.Hewasoneofthebest_inyesterdaysfootballmatch.(play)2.Look!How_Kateislaughing!(happy)3.Itsnowed_lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)4.Edisonwasagreat_.Duringhislifehehadmany_.(invent),players,happily,heavily,inventor,inventions,附加题,Usetheappropriateformofthewordstofillintheblanks.,5.Moreandmore_havecometovisitChinaovertheseyears.（foreign）6.Wewant_reasonsforyourfailuretohelp.(satisfy)7.Pleasegivemesomereferencework.Itwill_mytask.(simple)8.Theboyhadthe_ofbeinghalfstarved.(appear)9.Thepolicehave_aplotagainstthePresident.(cover)10.ThedoctorsaidthatMarysmotherneededan_.(operate),foreigners,satisfactory,simplify,appearance,uncovered,operation,11.Shehopedthathersonwouldbecomea_.(music)12.Few_wordsmadeusexcited.(speak)13.Thedaysonthemoongethotterthan_water.(boil)14.Thankyouforyour_.(kind)15.Manycollegestudentsworkwhiletheyarestudyingbecausetheywanttomakesomemoneyfortheircollege_.(expensive)16.Mostinternational_lettersarewritteninEnglish,too.(busy),musician,spoken,boiling,kindness