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上端盖冲压复合模具的设计【正、反拉深切边复合模】【说明书+CAD】

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外文翻译专 业 名 称 机械设计制造及其自动化班 级 学 号 078105232学 生 姓 名 冼 振 源指 导 教 师 陈 为 国填 表 日 期 2011 年 1 月 17 日General all-steel punching dies punching accuracyAccuracy of panel punching part is display the press accuracy of the die exactly. But the accuracy of any punching parts linear dimension and positional accuracy almost depend on the blanking and blanking accuracy,. So that the compound mould of compound punchings accuracy, is typicalness and representation in the majority.Analyse of the dies accuracy For the analyse of pracyicable inaccuracy during production of dies to inactivation, we could get the tendency when it is augmentation in most time. From this we could analyse the elements. When the new punch dies pt into production to the first cutter grinding, the inaccuracy produced called initial error; if the die grinding more than twenty times, until its discard, the inaccuracy called conventional error; and before the dies discard, the largest error of the last batch permit, called limiting error. at job site, the evidence to confirm life of sharpening is the higher of the blanking, punched hole or punched parts. Because all finished parts had been blanked ,so it is especially for the compound dies. Therefore, the analyse of burr and measurement is especially important when do them as enterprise standardization or checked with .The initial error usually is the minimal through the whole life of die. Its magnitude depend on the accuracy of manufacture, quality, measure of the punching part, thickness of panel, magnitude of gap and degree of homogeneity. The accuracy of manufacture depend on the manufacture process. For the 1 mm thicked compound punching part made in medium steel, the experimental result and productive practice all prove that the burr of dies which produced by spark cutting are higher 25%30% than produced by grinder ,NC or CNC. The reason is that not only the latter have more exact machining accuracy but also the value of roughness Ra is less one order than the formmer, it can be reached 0.025m. Therefore, the dies initial blanked accuracy depends on the accuracy of manufacture, quality and so on. The normal error of the punch die is the practicable error when the fist cutter grinding and the last cutter grinding before the die produce the last qualified product. As the increase of cutter grinding, caused the measure the nature wear of the dies are gradual increasing, the error of punching part increase also, so the parts are blew proof. And the die will be unused. The hole on the part and inner because the measure of wear will be small and small gradually, and its outside form will be lager in the same reason. Therefore, the hole and inner form in the part will be made mould according to one-way positive deviation or nearly equal to the limit max measure. In like manner, the punching parts appearance will be made mould according to one-way negative deviation or nearly equal to limit mini measure. For this will be broaden the normal error, and the cutter grinding times will be increased, the life will be long. The limit error in punching parts are the max dimension error which practicable allowed in the parts with limit error. This kind of parts usually are the last qualified products before the die discard.For the all classes of dies, if we analyse the fluctuate, tendency of increase and decrease and law which appeared in the dies whole life, we will find that the master of the error are changeless; the error that because the abrade of the cutter and impression will be as the cutter grinding times increased at the same time. And that will cause the error oversize gradually; and also have another part error are unconventional , unforeseen. Therefore, every die s error are composed of fixed error, system error, accident error and so on. 1. fixed error At the whole process when the New punching die between just input production to discard, the changeless master error that in qualified part are called fixed error. Its magnitude is the deviation when the die production qualified products before the first cutter grinding. Also is the initial error, but the die have initial punching accuracy at this time. Because of the abrade of parts, the die after grinding will be change the dimension error. And the increment of deviation will oversize as the times of cutter grinding. So the punching accuracy after cutter grinding also called “grinding accuracy” and lower tan initial accuracy. The fixed error depend on the elements factor as followed :(1) the material , sorts, structure, (form) dimension, and thick of panelthe magnitude of punching gap and degree of homogeneity are have a important effect for the dimension accuracy. Different punching process, material, thick of panel, have completely different gap and punching accuracy. A gear H62 which made in yellow brass with the same mode number m=0.34, 2mm thick and had a center hole, when the gap get C=0.5%t (single edge) , and punched with compound punching die, and the dimension accuracy reached IT7, the part have a flat surface ,the verticality of tangent plane reached 89.5, its roughness Ra magnitude are 12.5m, height of burr are 0.10mm; and the punching part are punched with progressive die, the gap C=7%t (single edge) , initial accuracy are IT11, and have an more rough surface, even can see the gap with eyes. In the usual situation, flushes a material and its thickness t is theselection punching gap main basis. Once the designation gap haddetermined flushes the plane size the fixed error main body; Flushesthe structure rigidity and the three-dimensional shape affects itsshape position precision.(2) punching craft and molder structure typeUses the different ramming craft, flushes a precision and the fixederror difference is really big. Except that the above piece gearexample showed, the essence flushes the craft and ordinary punching flushes a precision and the fixed error differs outside a magnitude,even if in ordinary punching center, uses the different gap punching, thefixed error difference very is also big. For example material thickt=1.5mm H62 brass punching, selects C = the 40%t unilateral I kind ofsmall gap punching compared to select C 4mm flushes, the size precision can lower some. Different dies structure type, because is suitable the rammingmaterial to be thick and the manufacture precision difference, causesto flush a fixed error to have leaves. Compound die center, multi-locations continuous type compound die because flushes continuously toduplicate the localization to add on the pattern making error to bebigger, therefore it flushes a fixed error compound punching die to wantcompared to the single location Big 1 2 levels (3) the craft of punching dies manufacturethe main work of punching die namely are raised, the concave moldprocessing procedure, to operates on the specification not to behigh, can time form a more complex cavity. But its processing surfaceapproximately is thick 0.03 0.05mm is the high temperatureablation remaining furcated austenite organization, degree ofhardness may reach as high as HRC67 70, has the micro crack, easilywhen punching appears broke the cutter or flaking. The Italian CorradaCorporations related memoir called the line cut the processing contruction to have the disadvantageous influence to the superficialgold, in fact already changed the gold contruction. We must use theJingang stone powder to grind or the numerical control continual pathcoordinates rub truncate (cut to line) to make the precision work . In recent years country and so on Switzerland and Japan, has conductedthe thorough research to the electrical finishing equipment and abigger improvement, makes function complete high accuracy NC and theCNC line cutter, the processing precision may reach 0.005 0.001mm,even is smaller. The processing surface roughness Ra value can achieve0.4 mu m. According to the recent years to the domestic 12 productionlines cutter factory investigation and study, the domesticallyproduced line cutter processing precision different factory differentmodel line cutter might reach 0.008 0.005mm, generally all in0.01mm or bigger somewhat, was individual also can achieve0.005mm, the processing surface roughness Ra value was bigger than1.6m. However, the electrical finishing ablation metal surface thus the change and the damage machined surface mental structure character can not change, only if with rubs truncates or other ways removes this harmful level. Therefore, merely uses electricity machining, including the spark cutting and the electricity perforation, achieves with difficulty punching, especially high accuracy, high life punching die to size precision and work components surface roughness Ra value request. With precisely rubs truncates the law manufacture punching die, specially makes the high accuracy, the high life punching die, such as: Thin material small gap compound punching die, multi- locations continuous type compound die and so on, has the size precision high, the work component smachined surface roughness Ra value is small, the mold life higher characteristic. Its processing craft at present changed the electrical fire by the past ordinary engine bed rough machining spark cutting or the electricity puncher rough machining, finally precisely rubs truncates, also from takes shape rubs, optics curve rubs, the manual grid reference rubs gradually filters the continual path grid reference to rub and NC and the CNC continual path grid reference rubs, Processing coarseness may reach 0.001 0.0005mm, the processing surface roughness Ra value may reach 0.1 0.025 mu m. Therefore, with this craft manufacture the die , regardless of the size precision, the work components surface roughness, all can satisfy die, each kind of compound request, the die is especially higher than the electrical finishing craft manufacture scale.(4) gap size and degree of homogeneity the flange and other sheet forming sgene rally all must first punching (fall material) the plate to launch the semi finished materials, after also has the forming to fall the material, the incision obtains the single end product to flush. Therefore punching the work, including is commonly used punching hole, the margin, cut side and so on, regarding each kind of sheet pressing partall is necessary. Therefore punching the gap to flushes a out form in chprecision to have the decisive influence. punching the gap small and is even, may cause punching the size gain high accuracy. Regarding drawability, is curving and so on mould, the gap greatly will decide increases flushes the oral area size error and the snapping back. The gapnon-uniformity can cause to flush a burr enlarges and incurs cutting edge the non-uniform attrition. (5) ramming equipment elastic deformation In the ramming process After the punch press load bearing can have the certain elastic deformation. Although this kind of distortion quantity according to flushes the pressure the size to change also to have the obvious directivity, but on the pressing part, mainly is to has the volume ramming archery target stamping, embosses, the equalization, the pressure is raised, the wave, flushes crowds, the shape, the flange, hits flatly, thinly changes draw ability and so on the craft work punching forming flushes, has the significant influence to its ramming aspect size precision普通全钢冲模的冲压精度分析板料冲压件的精度准确显示出其冲模的冲压精度。而任何冲件的线性尺寸精度与形位精度主要取决于冲模冲裁和立体成形冲压件展开平毛坯的落料精度。因此,多工步复合冲压的单工位复合模、多工位连续模的冲压精度,在普通冲压的众多种类与不同结构的冲模中,最具典型性和代表性。冲模的冲压精度分析对冲模投产至失效报废各个时期冲件的实际误差分析,可以看出其增大的时期及趋向,从而分析其增大的因素。新冲模投产至第一次刃磨前冲制冲件的误差即所谓的初始误差;冲模经过20次左右刃磨至失效报废前冲制的冲件误差称之为常规误差;而冲模失效报废前冲制的最后一批合格冲件的允许最大误差称之为极限误差。在现场,确定冲模刃磨寿命的依据是冲件冲孔与落料的毛刺高度。由于任何成形件都具有冲裁作业(毛坯落料或冲孔),对于复合模尤为如此。所以,冲件毛刺高度的触模检查和测量并按企业标准或JB4129-85冲压件毛刺高度对照检测就显得十分重要。冲模的初始误差通常是冲模整个寿命中冲件误差最小的。其大小主要取决于冲模的制造精度与质量及冲件尺寸、料厚以及间隙值大小与均匀度。冲模的制造精度及质量又取决于制模工艺。对于料厚t1mm的中碳钢复合冲裁模冲件,实验结果与生产实践都证明,电火花线切割制造的冲模冲件毛刺高度比用成型磨或NC与CNC连续轨迹座标磨即精密磨削工艺制造的冲模冲件要高25%30%。这是因为后者不仅加工精度高,而且加工面粗糙度Ra值要比前者小一个数量级,可达到0.025m。因此,冲模的制造精度与质量等因素决定了冲模的初始冲压精度,也造就了冲件的初始误差。冲件的常规误差是冲模经第一次刃磨到最后一次刃磨后冲出最后一个合格冲件为止,冲件实际具有的误差。随着刃磨次数的增加,刃口的自然磨损而造成的尺寸增量逐渐加大,冲件的误差也随之加大。当其误差超过极限偏差时,冲件就不合格,冲模也就失效报废。/冲件上孔与内形因凸模磨损尺寸会逐渐变小;其外形落料尺寸会因凹模磨损而逐渐增大。所以,冲件上孔与内形按单向正偏差标允差并依接近或几乎等于极限最大尺寸制模。同理,冲件外形落料按单向负偏差标注允差并依接近或几乎等于极限最小尺寸制模。这样就使冲件的常规误差范围扩大,冲模可刃磨次数增加,模具寿命提高。冲件的极限误差是具有极限偏差的冲件所具有的实际允许的最大尺寸误差。这类冲件通常是在冲模失效报废前冲制的最后一批合格冲件。对各类冲模冲件误差在冲模整个寿命中出现的波动、增减趋向及规律等进行全面分析便可发现:冲件误差的主导部分是不变的;因刃口或型腔的自然磨损而出现的误差增量随冲模刃磨冲数增加而使这部分误差逐渐加大;还有部分误差的增量是非常规的、不可预见的。所以,各类冲模冲件误差是由因定误差、渐增误差、系统误差及偶发误差等几部分综合构成。1、固定误差新冲模在指定的冲压设备上投入使用至失效报废的整个(总)寿命过程中,其合格冲件误差的主导部分固定不变即所谓固定误差。其大小就是新冲模第一次刃磨前冲制的合格冲件的偏差,也即冲模的初始误差,而此时的冲模具有初始冲压精度。刃磨后的冲模,因其工作零件(凸、凹模)磨损而改变尺寸误差,使冲件识差增量随刃磨次数增加而逐渐加大,故冲模刃磨后的冲压精度亦称“刃磨精度”比其初始精度要低。冲模冲件的固定误差取决于以下各要素:(1)冲件的材料种类、结构(形状)尺寸及料厚冲裁间隙的大小及其均匀度对冲裁件的尺寸精度有决定性的影响。不同冲裁工艺、不同材料种类与不等料厚,间隙相差悬殊,冲压精度差异很大。同一种模数m=0.34的2mm的料厚、中心有孔的H62黄铜材料片齿轮复合模冲件,当取间隙C=0.5%t(单边),用复合精冲模冲制,冲件尺寸精度达到IT7级,冲件平直无拱弯,冲切面垂直度可达89.5,其表面粗糙Ra值为0.2m;而用普通复合模冲制,间隙C=5%t(单边),冲件初始误差亦即冲模的初始冲压精度为1T9级,冲切面粗糙度Ra值为12.5m,毛刺高度为0.10mm;还是这个冲件用连续模冲制,间隙C=7%t(单边),初始冲件精度为IT11级,冲切面更粗糙,甚至有肉眼可见的台阶。通常情况下,冲件材料及其厚度t是选取冲裁间隙的主要依据。一旦选定间隙就确定了冲件的平面尺寸的固定误差的主体;冲件结构刚度及立体形状则影响其形位精度。(2)冲压工艺及冲模结构类型采用不同的冲压工艺,冲件的精度及固定误差相差甚大。除上述片齿轮实例说明,精冲工艺与普通冲裁的冲件精度与固定误差相差一个数量级之外,即便在普通冲裁中,采用不同间隙冲裁,固定误差相差也很大。例如料厚t=1.5mm的H62黄铜冲裁件,选用C40%t单边类小间隙冲裁比选用C8%t(单边)类大间隙冲裁,冲件固定误差将加大40%60%,精度至少降一级。此外,采有无搭边排样,冲件的误差要远大于有搭边排样冲件。无搭边排样冲件。无搭边排样冲件的精度低于IT12级,而多数有搭边排样的冲件精度在IT11IT9级之间,料厚t4mm的冲件,尺寸精度会更低一些。不同冲模结构类型,由于适用冲压料厚及制造精度的差异,导致冲件的固定误差有别。复合模中,多工位连续式复合模由于冲件连续重复定位加上制模误差较大,故其冲件的固定误差比单工位复合冲裁模要 大12级。(3)冲模制造工艺冲模主要工作零件即凸、凹模的加工程序,对操作上的技术要求不高,能够一次成形较复杂的模腔。但其加工表面约厚0.030.05mm为高温烧蚀的残余树枝状奥氏体组织,硬度可高达HRC6770,有显微裂纹,容易在冲裁时出现崩刃或剥落。意大利Corrada公司的有关研究报告称“线切割加工对表面金相结构产生不利的影响,实际上已经改变了金相结构。我们必须用金刚石粉研磨或数控连续轨迹坐标磨削(对线切割件)作精加工”。近年来瑞士和日本等国,对电加工设备进行了深入的研究和较大的改进,制造出功能齐全的高精度NC和CNC线切割机,加工精度可达0.0050.001mm,甚至更小。加工表面粗糙度Ra值能达到0.4m。根据近年对国内12家生产线切割机工厂的调研,国产线切割机加工精度各别厂家的各别型号线切割机可达0.0080.005mm,一般都在0.01mm或更大一些,个别也能达到0.005mm,加工表面粗糙度Ra值均大于1.6m。然而,电加工烧蚀金属表面从而改变和损坏加工面金相结构的特性不会改变,除非用磨削或其他加工法去除这一有害层。所以,仅仅用电加工法,包括电火花线切割与电穿孔,难以达到冲模,尤其高精度、高寿命冲模对尺寸精度与工作零件表面粗糙度Ra值要求。用精密磨削法制造冲模,特别是制造高精度、高寿命冲模,诸如:薄料小间隙复合冲裁模、多工位连续式复合模等,具有尺寸精度高、工作零件加工面粗糙度Ra值小、模具寿命高等特点。其加工工艺目前已由过去的普通机床粗加工改为电火花线切割或电穿孔机粗加工,最后精密磨削,也由成型磨、光学曲线磨、手动座标磨逐步过滤到连续轨迹座标磨及NC与CNC连续轨迹座标磨,加工粗度可达0.0010.0005mm,加工表面粗糙度Ra值可达0.10.025m。所以,用该工艺制造的冲模,无论尺寸精度、工作零件表面粗糙度,都能满足冲模,尤其各种复合模的要求,比电加工工艺制造的冲模高一个档次。(4)间隙的大小与均匀度拉深、弯曲、翻边及其他板料成形件一般都要先冲裁(落料)出平板展开毛坯,也有成形后落料、切开得到单个成品冲件。故冲裁作业,包括常用的冲孔、切口、切边等,对于每种板料冲压件都是必要的。所以冲裁间隙对冲件的外廓尺寸精度有决定性的影响。冲裁间隙小而均匀,可使冲裁尺寸获取更高精度。对于拉深、弯曲等成形模,间隙大定将增大冲件口部尺寸误差及回弹。间隙不均匀会使冲件毛刺加大并招致刃口的不均匀磨损。(5)冲压设备的弹性变形在冲压过程中,冲床承载后会产生一定的弹性变形。虽然这种变形量依冲压力的大小变化且具有明显的方向性,但就冲压件,主要是对具有体积冲压性质的压印、压花、校平、压凸、起波、冲挤、镦形、翻边、镦粗、打扁、变薄拉深等工艺作业冲制成形的冲件,对其冲压方面的尺寸精度有重大影响。上端盖复合模的设计第一章、零件的工艺性分析 图一 零件名称:上端盖 材 料:20钢料 厚:1.2mm生产批量:1万件该工件属于典型的无凸缘圆筒形和圆锥形的正、反复合拉深,无尺寸要求,形状简单对称。但零件上部圆锥形,拉深时容易产生起皱和拉裂。该工件作为另一零件的端盖,对表面精度没有特殊要求。所有尺寸均为自由公差,按IT14级确定工件的公差,由于零件尺寸较大,可用剪床下块料,拉深后再切除废料。拉深成为外径为450,高为45mm的如上图所示零件,一般拉深均能满足其尺寸精度要求,对零件的厚度变化也没有要求。20钢是低碳素钢,具有良好的冲压性能,适合冲压加工。综上所述,该工件的精度及结构尺寸都能满足冲压工艺要求,工件的拉深工艺性较好。该工件在满足冲压工艺性要求的前提下,采用的冲压基本工序是拉深、切边。第二章、冲压件工艺方案的确定 该零件包括正拉深、反拉深、切边三个基本工序,可有以下五种工艺方案 :方案一:先正拉深上部圆锥形面,后反拉深环形槽,再切边。采用单工序模生产。方案二:先反拉深环形槽,后正拉深上部圆锥形面,再切边,采用单工序模生产。方案三:正、反拉深复合冲压,再切边。采用复合模,单工序模生产。方案四:正、反拉深,切边级进模冲压。采用级进模生产。方案五:正、反拉深,切边复合模冲压。方案一模具结构简单,需要三道工序三副模具,生产效率低,但不能满足零件大批量生产的要求。方案二与方案一只是工序不同,也需要三道工序三副模具,生产效率低,难以满足零件大批量生产的要求。方案三需二副模具,生产效率比方案一较高,但是模具制造比方案一困难,成本也较高。方案四只需一副模具,生产效率高,但模具结构比较复杂,模具制造困难,且因为零件尺寸较大,送进操作不方便。方案五:也只需一副模具,生产效率较高,模具结构比较复杂,模具制造比方案四简单。通过上述五种工艺方案的分析比较,由于该工件尺寸比较大,公差等级较低,生产批量较大,比较适合复合模具。综合上述五种工艺方案的分析比较,零件如能一次拉深成形,方案五工艺方案较为经济合理的。第三章、必要工艺尺寸的计算3.1 坯料尺寸的计算由于坯料的厚度为t=1.21,所以零件尺寸按坯料中性层尺寸计算尺寸,h=(45-1.2)=43.8,最大直径=(450-1.2)448.8工件的相对高度43.8448.80.0976。由于零件相对高度值很小并且高度尺寸要求不高,这里不用切边余量。根据表面积原则,用解析法求该零件的毛坯直径D,毛坯的表面积A为: 197568.4193mm毛坯直径为: D= =501.6767 mm 3.2 确定拉深次数3.2.1 判断能否一次拉深成形 该零件顶部有一圆锥形部分,须按锥形件的拉深计算。零件的相对高度:0.15由表4.4.3得出在0.520.45之间,可见=0.150.45,由此可判断能一次拉深成形。3.2.2 确定拉深类型该工件属于浅拉深件。3.3 计算工序压力 3.3.1 拉深力计算拉深力的计算是为了合理地选用压力机和设计拉深模具,在整个拉深过程中,除了需要使用毛坯变形的拉深力外,还有压边力,切边力等。所以总的拉深力为拉深力与压边力,切边力之和。在生产中常用以下经验公式进行计算:(a)、正拉深力的计算:Fdtk F拉深力(N) D - 拉深件直径d=351.2mm t - 材料厚度 t=1.2mm - 材料的强度极限MPa查表1.3.6 取400MPa K- 修正系数,查表4.4.6得k=0.8由以上得:Fdtk3.14351.21.24000.8423463N(b)、反拉深力的计算:Fdtk F拉深力(N) D - 拉深件直径d=448.8mm t - 材料厚度 t=1.2mm - 材料的强度极限MPa查表1.3.6 取400MPa K- 修正系数,查表4.4.6得k=0.8由以上得:Fdtk3.14448.81.24000.8541145N3.3.2 压料装置与压料力 为了解决拉深过程中的起皱问题,生产实际中的主要方法是在模具结构上采用压料装置。是否采用压料装置主要看拉深过程中是否可能发生起起皱,在实际生产中可按表4.4.4来判断拉深过程中是否起皱和用用压料装置。该零件的拉深系数 m0.891 相对厚度 100%0.237按表4.4.4可判断该零件的拉深不需要压边装置。压边力为零。3.3.3 切边力 F切=KLtTb式中: F切 为切边力, 取 K=1.3 Tb=300MP L=3.14501.7=1575.338mm则 F切=1.31575300=614381N故总冲压力为: F= F+F切=423463+61438+541145=1026046N34 模具主要零件部分尺寸的计算冲裁件的属于未注公差,按IT14级计算,模具凸模、凹模和凸凹模尺寸则取IT10级公差计算。3.4.1拉深模的间隙拉深模的凸、凹模之间间隙对拉深力、零件质量、模具寿命等都有影响。间隙小,拉深力大、模具磨损大,过小的间隙会使零件严重变薄甚至拉裂;但间隙小, 冲件回弹小,精度高。间隙过大,坯料容易起皱,冲件锥度大,精度差。因此,生产者中应根据板料厚度及公差、拉深过程板料的增厚情况、拉深次数、零件的形状及精度 要求等到,正确确定拉深模间隙。由表4-12查得:Z/2=T=1.2,则拉深模的双面间隙Z=2.4mm.3.4.2 拉深模的圆角半径正拉深凹模的圆角半径R按表4-13选取R=6t=9.2mm,凸模圆角半径 R等于零件圆角半径R= 4mm;则反拉深凹模的圆珠笔角半径R,取R=6t=9.2mm,凸模圆角半径R即等于零件圆角半径R。3.4.3 工作部分的尺寸和公差3.4.3.1拉深及上部圆锥面时的尺寸和公差根据设计原则,正拉深时以凹模为设计基准。首先确定凹模尺寸,凹模的基本尺寸接近或等于工件轮廓的最小极限尺寸;将凹模尺寸减去最小合理间隙值即得到凸模尺寸。由表4-34查得: 。由表2-4查得:=1.15 =(349.3+0.41.4) =349.86则凸模的尺寸由式(4.8.13)计算,即: =(D+0.4+Z) =(349.3+0.41.4+2.4) =352.263.4.3.2拉深环槽时的尺寸和公差对于最后一道工序的拉深模,其凸、凹模工作部分尺寸及公差应按零件的要求来确定。根据设计原则,落料时以凹模为设计基准。首先确定凹模尺寸,凹模的基本尺寸接近或等于工件轮廓的最小极限尺寸;将凹模尺寸减去最小合理间隙值即得到凸模尺寸。由于工件要求外形尺寸,则以凹模为设计基准。工作部分尺寸则按式4.8.12计算: =(D-0.75-Z)由表4-34查得: 。由表2-4查得:代入上式得: =(450.775-0.750.82) =449.3则凸模的尺寸:=(D-0.75-Z) =(447.775-0.750.82-2.4) =447.2第四章、模具的总体设计在设计模具时,由于拉深工艺的特殊要求,除了应考虑到与其他模具一样的设计方法与步骤外,还需要考虑到如下特点:1)、深圆筒形件时,应考虑到料厚、材料、模具圆角半径r 、r等情况,根据合理的拉深系数确定拉深工序。拉深工艺的计算要求有较高的准确性,从而拉深凸模长度的确定必须满足工件拉深高度的要求,且在拉深凸模上必须有一定尺寸要求的通气孔。2)、分析成形件的形状,尺寸有没有超过加工极限的部分。选用凸模材料必须考虑热处理时的崎岖变形,同时需注意凸模在模座上的定位、紧固的可靠性。3)、回弹、扭曲、局部变形等的缺陷所产生的弹性变形难于保证零件形状的精度,此时应采取相应的改进措施。 4)、于形状复杂的零件,很难计算出准确的毛坯形状和尺寸。因此,在设计模具时,往往先做拉深模,经试压确定合适的毛坯形状和尺寸再制作落料模,并在拉深模上定形的毛坯安装定位装置,同时要预先考虑到使后面工序定位准确的措施。4.1 工作零件的结构设计它是直接完成工作要求的一定变形的零件。本设计由于工件形状简单对称,所以模具的工作零件均采用整体结构,拉深凸凹模、切边模的结构如图所示。零件的尺寸较大,热处理变形量大,选用变形小的CrWMn模具钢。热处理后硬度60-62HRC。 图二拉深凸凹模(上) 图三拉深凸凹模(下) 图四切边凸模4.2 定位方式的选择因为该模具使用块料毛坯,为了使毛坯在拉深时有正确的位置,采用定位板定位。4.3 出件方式的选择本模具采用弹性卸料,刚性打件并利用橡皮提供推顶力。4.4 模具类型的选择根据已确定的冲压工艺分析可知,零件采用拉深,切边复合模生产。综合考虑冲压件的质量要求,由于零件精度要求不高,形状简单,批量大,冲压成本以及冲压设备情况、模具制造能力等生产条件,最终确定是拉深时采用四角导向拉深模。4.5 模架及其它零部件的选用 4.5.1弹性元件的设计 下模上的弹性元件起推件作用,使制品留于上模,便于上模回程时,利用打料杆推出制件,上模的压边也有弹性元件提供。 4.5.2模具的闭合高度:H=H+H+ H垫+ H压 =80+80+90+20+85 =355mm式中:H 上模座的高度,H=80mmH 下模座的高度,H=80mmH垫上模座垫板的高度,H=90mmH压 压边圈的厚度,H压=20mm 第五章、冲压设备的选定冲压设备选择是工艺设计中的一项重要内容,它直接关系到设备的合理使用、安全、产品质量、模具寿命、生产效率及成本等一系列重要问题。设备选择主要包括设备类型和规格两个方面的选择。设备类型的选择订取决于冲压的工艺要求和生产指。在设备类型选定之后,应进一步根据冲压工艺力,模具闭合高度和模板平面轮廓尺寸等确定设备规格。根据冲压工艺总力计算结果,并结合模具闭合高度。压力机的最大装模高度 ,应大于所设计冲模的闭全高度,由表13-10查得JA23-160适合模具的要求。该压力机闭模具设计的有关参数为:公称压力:1600KN滑块行程:160mm行程次数:40次/mm最大封闭高度:450mm封闭高度调节量:130mm工作台尺寸:左右/mm前后/mm 1120mm710mm最大可倾斜角度:30第六章、模具总装图通过以上设计,可得到模具的总装图。模具上模部分主要有上模板、压料板、凸、凹模组成。压料方式采用弹性卸料,以弹簧为弹性元件。下模部分由下模座、凸凹模等组成。卸料方式采用弹性卸料。坯料送进时采用定位销进行定位,在落料凹模上安装有三个定位销,利用坯料外圆进行定位,以此作为坯在凹模中的精确定位。操作时,把坯料沿着凹模上端面向前推,并向前推紧,即可进行拉深。模具工作过程:将坯料送入到其位置,平放在下凸凹模面上,压力机滑块带着上模下行,凸、凹模下表面行接触坯料,并与上顶件块一起压住坯料,进行正、反拉深,切边去除废料。当拉深结束后,上模回程,拉深成形的工件由推件块通过压力机打料横杆将工件推出,用手将工件取走后,将坯料送进到位,进行下一个工件的生产。第七章、模具的装配与调试7.1模具的装配模具的装配就是根据模具的结构特点和技术条件,心一定的装配顺序和方法,将符合图纸技术要求的零件,经协调加工,组装成满足使用要求的模具。在装配过程中,即要保证配合零件的配合精度,又要保证零件之间的位置精度,对于具有相对运动的零件,还必须保证它们之间的运动精度。因此,模具装配是最后实现冲模设计和冲压工艺意图的过程,是模具制造过程中的关键工序。模具装配质量直接影响制件的冲压质量、模具的使用和模具寿命。7.1.1、模具装配特点模具装配属于单件生产。组成模具实体的各个零件,有些在制造过程中是按照图纸给定的尺寸和公差独立地进行加工的,(如拉深凸凹模、切边凸模等),这类零件一般都是直接进入装配;有些在制造过程中只有部分尺寸可以按照图纸标尺寸进行加工,有些需协调相关尺寸进行加工;有的在进入装配前需采用配制或合体加工,有的需在装配过程中通过配制取得协调,图纸上的标注的部分尺寸只作为参考。712 装配技术要求冲裁模装配后,应达到下述主要求:1) 模架精度应符合标准(JB/T80501999冲模模架精度检查)规定。模具的闭合高度应符合图纸的规定要求。2) 装配好的拉深模,上模沿滑块上、下滑动应平稳、可靠。3) 拉深凸、凹模的间隙应符合图纸规定的要求,分布均匀。凸模或凹模的工作行程符合技术条件的规定。4) 定位销的相对位置应符合图纸要求。5) 工作面不允许有倾斜或单边偏摆,并能保证制件能顺利顶出。6) 坚固件装配应可靠,螺纹旋入长度在钢件连接时应不小于螺栓的直径,铸件连接时应不小于1.5倍螺栓直径;螺栓的端面不应露出上模座的表面。7) 模具应在生产的条件下进行试验
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本文标题:上端盖冲压复合模具的设计【正、反拉深切边复合模】【说明书+CAD】
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