短文两篇 (2)

新课导入,读书之法，在循序而渐进，熟读而精思。读书有三到，谓心到，眼到，口到。旧书不厌百回读，熟读精思子自知。书籍是人类知识的总结，书籍是全世界的营养品。,关于读书的名言警句,13短文两篇,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,比较阅读这两篇文章，理解、积累文中精辟的语句，理解文章的思路。(重点)学习文中所使用的举例论证、道理论证、比喻论证等论证方法。(难点)认识读书的益处，培养爱读书的优良品质，养成良好的读书习惯。(重点),学习目标,作者名片,弗朗西斯培根（15611626），_哲学家、作家。在人类思想史上占有极重要的地位，被马克思称为_。主要建树在哲学方面，著有_等。,英国,“英国唯物主义和整个现代实验科学的,随笔,真正始祖”,新工具论,谈读书选自玫瑰树。培根自称“以天下全部学问为己任”。他的随笔内容涉及哲学思想、处世之道等。其中谈读书就犹如一位睿智的老人对自己晚辈的谆谆教诲：要多读书，读书是有好处的。,背景链接,随笔：随笔这类文章，或讲述文化知识，或发表学术观点，或评析世态人情，启人心智，引人深思。在写法上，它们往往旁征博引，而不作理论性太强的阐释，行文缜密而不失活泼，结构自由而不失严谨，因此，富有“理趣”是它们的突出特色。,文体知识,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,注音,填字,傅彩（）狡黠（）蒸馏（）诘难（）滞碍（）睾肾（）,吹毛求（）寻章（）句味同（）蜡文采（）饰,f,xi,li,ji,zh,o,字词学习,疵,摘,嚼,藻,【高谈阔论】漫无边际地大发议论（多含贬义）。【文采藻饰】修饰文词，使之富有文采。【诘难】诘问，为难。【寻章摘句】搜寻、摘取文章的片断词句。指读书局限于文字的推求。【吹毛求疵】这里指细致到烦琐、挑剔的地步。【味同嚼蜡】形容写文章或说话枯燥无味。,词语解释,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,朗读课文，说说这篇随笔从哪几个方面谈读书？,整体感知,课文讲解,1.再读课文，找一找“读书的目的”是什么。,2.作者是如何阐述“读书的目的”的，请找出相关描写。,读书,文采藻饰,全凭条文断事,费时过多,太盛,惰,矫,学究故态,反面论证,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,比喻论证,狡黠者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。,鄙,羡,用,对比论证,3.课文中提到了哪些“读书的方法”。,推敲细思,不同的书用不同的方法,可浅尝须读其部分,可吞食须大体涉猎,须咀嚼消化须全读,不可存心诘难作者,不可尽信书上所言,亦不可只为寻章摘句,摘要,浏览,精读,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，味同嚼蜡矣。,比喻论证,4.“读书的作用”体现在哪些方面。,弥补人的才智,塑造人的性格,5.作者论述了读书的重要性,为什么又说“不可尽信书上所言”？,6.“读史使人明智凡有所学，皆成性格”这句话运用了什么修辞手法？阐述了什么道理？,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,谈读书,读书的目的,读书的方法,读书的作用,怡情、傅彩、长才,仔细推敲思考,不同的书读法不同,塑造人的性格,弥补才智上的缺陷,端正态度正确读书,板书设计,课堂小结,看成语，讲故事。,拓展迁移,囊萤映雪凿壁偷光牛角挂书悬梁刺股韦编三绝手不释卷,不求甚解,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,马南邨（19121966），福建闽侯人，本名_，_作家。代表作有文论集_，杂文集燕山夜话三家村札记等。,作者名片,邓拓,当代,论中国历史的几个问题,不求甚解选自燕山夜话。20世纪60年代初，邓拓应北京晚报之约，撰写燕山夜话专栏杂文。这个专栏的杂文从古人读书治学、科学研究、生产活动等方面为我们总结和介绍了一些可以借鉴的历史经验；还对现实中的各种不良现象和错误的思想方法、工作作风提出了批评，对青年的,背景链接,学习给予了指导。一篇篇短小精悍、妙趣横生的文章，蕴含着深刻的寓意和哲理，引人深思，发人深省，对当时的杂文创作产生了积极的影响。本文就是针对有些人对陶渊明“不求甚解”的曲解而写的一篇驳论文。,杂文：杂文，在中国大百科全书中解释为“现代散文中的议论为主而又具有文学意味的一种文体”，可见“议论为主”又具有“文学意味”，是杂文最主要、最基本的两个要素。,文体知识,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,【咬文嚼字】形容过分地斟酌字句。多指死抠字眼而不领会精神实质。【因小失大】为了小的利益，造成大的损失。【豁然贯通】指一下子弄通了某个道理。【开卷有益】打开书本，总有益处。常用以勉励人们勤奋读书。,词语解释,快速阅读课文，理清课文的层次结构？,整体感知,第一部分（1）：摆出错误观点，树立起批驳的靶子。,第三部分（9）：总结全文，强调重要的书要反复阅读。,第二部分（2-8）：通过摆事实、讲道理具体阐述“不求甚解”的真正含义。,树靶子（对方的观点）,对任何问题不求甚解都是不好的。,盲目地反对不求甚解的态度同样没有充分的理由。,课文讲解,1.读课文第一自然段，说说这一自然段交代了什么。,2.作者是怎样反驳的？运用了怎样的论证方法？,以“不求甚解”的出处入手，说明人们曲解了“不求甚解”的意思。,（1）引出处,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,不求甚解,讨论：“好读书”和“不求甚解”有什么关系？,首先，要养成“好读书”这个习惯。只有“好读书”，才能谈到“求甚解”这个问题。其次，读书的要诀全在于“会意”，而“会意”十分不易。所以陶渊明每有“会意”，就十分高兴。因为“会意”不易，所以陶渊明只好说“不求甚解”。,（2）释新意陶渊明的读书观,读书态度：虚心，别骄傲自负,因为书不一定都能读懂，就承认“不求甚解”。,读书方法：不咬文嚼字，前后贯通,不要固执一点，咬文嚼字，而要前后贯通，了解大意。,讨论：肯定“不求甚解”的方法为什么要反对马马虎虎的态度？,“不求甚解”只是不死抠一字一句，不因某一局部而放弃了整体。所以“不求甚解”不是马马虎虎，很不认真。因此，要反对马马虎虎的态度。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,（3）举例子,从态度上说明,从方法上说明,列宁批评普列汉诺夫,诸葛亮的读书方法,引陆象山的话,进一步证明,三处例证、引证，或外或中，或古或今，或正或误，信手拈来，自由骋笔，又恰到好处。选例典型，论说周到。,3.根据文章第段，谈谈什么是“死读”？什么是“活读”？,“死读”,“活读”,这句话再次阐明了“理解经典著作的精神实质”才是正确的“不求甚解”的读书态度。,是指读书时死抠一字一句，不顾作品的精神实质，不能从整体上理解大意。,是指灵活地、融会贯通地理解作品的精神实质。,4.作者认为怎样才能达到“活”读书，理解“精神实质”呢？,书必须反复阅读，每读一次都会觉得开卷有益。强调重要的书要反复阅读。,虚心读活多读勤读,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路