初中英语语法------直接引语与间接引语教学课件

直接引语与间接引语,DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech,Review,宾语从句,引导词,语序：,时态：,that,if/whether,疑问词,陈述语序,主句为现在时态，从句可以是需要的任何时态,主句为过去时态，从句应使用相应的过去的时态。,从句如果描述的是客观真理、科学理论等则永远用一般现在时态。,陈述句,一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,直接引语：直接引述别人的原话.直接引语的前后必须加引号。,间接引语：转述别人的话。间接引语前后不加引号。,间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句,直接引语与间接引语的定义,直接引语变间接引语可分为三大类：,1）直接引语为陈述句,2）直接引语为疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句）,3）直接引语为祈使句,直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的say,也可用tell来代替，注意，可以说saythat,tellsb.that，不可直接说tellthat,陈述句,e.g.Heoftensays,“Chinaisgreat.”Heoftensays(that)Chinaisgreat.Tomsays,“Iamastudent.”Tomsays(that)heisastudent.,Hesays,“Ileavemybookinyourroom”Hesaid(that)helefthisbookinyourroom.,一般疑问句,Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,arentyou?”HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.,间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词say要改为ask，语序要变为陈述语序,Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?”Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.“Isheallright?”Theycriedout.Theycriedoutwhetherhewasallright.,注意：大多数情况下，if,whether可以互换，但句中出现or(not),或放在介词后作连接词，只用whether。,特殊疑问句,Hesaidtome，“Whatsyourname?”Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.,原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序,直接引语是祈使句，则改为tell/order/asksb.(not)todosth.其他变化同上。,祈使句,Hesaid,“Pleasecomeheretomorrow.”Theteachersaid,“Donttalkanymore.”,Heaskedmetogotherethenextday.,Theteachertoldusnottotalkanymore.,）人称的变化,一随主,二随宾,三不变,引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致,引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致,引号内的第三人称在变间引后去人称不变,Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”,Shesaidthatshelikedtennis,HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly”,HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly,Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim”,ShetoldmethatThattheywantedhelphim,一随主，二随宾，三不变,Practice:1)Hesaid,“Mybrotherfailedintheexam.”Hesaid_brotherhadfailedintheexam.2)HesaidtoMary,“Howisyourmothernow?”heaskedMaryhow_motherwasthen.3)Myteachersaid,sheisagoodstudent.Myteachersaid_wasagoodstudent4)Hesaidtome,“Iveleftherbookinyourroom”Hetoldmethat_hadleft_bookin_room.,his,her,she,he,her,my,1.Wewantyoutotakeamessageforher.saidtheGreens.,TheGreenstoldmethatwantedtotakeamessagefor.,2.Areyouwillingtolendusahand?shesaidtohim.,Sheaskedhimwhetherwaswillingtolendahand.,Hesays,“IsTomastudentorateacher？”HeaskswhetherTomisastudentorateacher.Heaskedme,Doyoulikeplayingfootball?“Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedplayingfootball.Mysisteraskedme:“Whatisyourfriend?”Mysisteraskedmewhatmyfriendwas.Jackaskedme,Howdoyoulikethefilm?JackaskedmehowIlikedthefilm.Thesoliderordered,“Bequiet.”Thesoliderorderedustobequiet.Hesaidtoher,“Openthedoor,please.”Heaskedhertoopenthedoor.Shesays,“IwillgotoBeijingnextmonth.”Shesays(that)shewillgotoBeijingthenextmonth.Heoftensays“Ishalltellyouaboutthem.”Heoftentellsmethathewilltellmeaboutthem.,2)时态的变化,Hesays,Iwilldoittomorrow”Hesaysthathewilldoittomorrow.,如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态无需变化,如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态要做出相应的改变,一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,一般过去时,过去完成时,过去完成时,不变,一般将来时,过去将来时,1.“Iamilltoday.”saidmymother.,Mymothersaidthatsheillthatday.,2.“WeworkhardatEnglish.”hesaid.,was,HesaidthattheyhardatEnglish.,worked,1.Theysaidtome,“Weareworkinghardatacompany.”,Theytoldmethattheyatacompany.,wereworking,2.“Iamwritingaletternow.”shesaid.,Shesaidthatshealetterthen.,waswriting,Practice:.Johnsaid,“Ilikereadingadventurestories.”Johnsaidthathe_readingadventurestories.Shesaidtome,“IbrokeyourCDplayer.”Shetoldmethatshe_myCDplayer.Hesaid,“Illcomeherethismorning.”Hesaidhe_gotherethatmorning.Hesays,“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.”Hesaysthathe_hishomework.Hesaid,“theyareplayinggamesoverthere?”Hesaidthatthey_playinggamesoverthere.,liked,hadbroken,would,hadfinished,were,直接引语转为间接引语时，下列情况下时态不变,注意：,.直接引语若表示的是客观事实或真理时，变间接引语时时态不变.当引语中的时间状语表示过去某一具体时间时，谓语动词时态不需改变,1.Ourteachersaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”,Ourteachersaidthatlight_muchfasterthansound.,travels,2.“Igraduatedin1966.”Mybrothersaid.,Mybrothersaidthathein1966.,graduated,1.Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Theearthisround.”2.Myfathersaidtome,“Iwasbornin1961.”,Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheearthisround.,Myfathertoldmethathewasbornin1961.,直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：,直接引语中动词come在间接引语中用go:,直接引语中副词here在间接引语中用there：,直接引语中的指示代词转换规则：this变为that;these变为those本来就是that/those则不变。,1.“Whatdoesthiswordmean?”sheaskedme.,Sheaskedmewhatwordmeant.,that,2.“Canyouseethatmaponthewall?”heaskedme.,HeaskedmeifIcouldseemaponthewall.,that,3.“Doyoulikethesetoys?”Janeaskedus.,Janeaskedusifwelikedtoys.,those,4.“Bringthoseballstome.”saidmysister.,Mysisteraskedustobringballstoher.,those,1.“Ilikereadingadventurestories,”saidJohn.Johnsaidthathelikedreadingadventurestories.2.“Idontlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriend.Sarahtoldherfriendsthatshedidntlikecomputers.,ExerciseI,3.“Ann,haveyouseenmybluenotebook?”Peterasked.PeteraskedAnnifshehadseenhisbluenotebook.4.“Howcanyoudothat?”MarysaidtoAnn.MaryaskedAnnhowshecoulddothat.5.“Whatdifferencedoesitmake?”PeteraskedJim.PeteraskedJimwhatdifferenceitmade.,1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat_worried_.A.helookstodayB.youlooktodayC.welookedthatdayD.Ilookedthatday,ExerciseII,2.Wesaidtoher,“Theyrewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat_throughthestreet_.A.wewerewalkingthenB.youarewalkingnowC.theywerewalkingthenD.theywalkingnow,3.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”MrBlacksaidthat_alongway_.IhadwalkedthatweekhehadwalkedthatweekIwalkedlastweekhehaswalkedthisweek,4.Themanthought,“Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow.”Themanthoughtthat_takeitback_.A.IshalltomorrowB.IshallthenextdayC.heshouldtomorrowD.hewouldthenextday,5.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus_afraidtoleave_house.A.thatwerewethisB.thatwewerethatC.ifwerewethisD.ifwewerethat,6.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”Janeasked_about_.A.thatheh