初中英语被动语态复习课件

被动语态,Passivevoice,被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。,be+Vp.p(动词的过去分词）1)be动词可以随时态人称的变化而变化am/is/are+V(过去分词）was/were+V(过去分词）willbe+V(过去分词）情态动词+be+V(过去分词）,1.规则动词的过去分词：,1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ed,watch-watched,2)以不发音e结尾的加-d,practice-practiced,3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-ed,study-studied,4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed,stop-stopped,2.不规则动词的过去分词：,am,is,are,been,have,has,had,do,done,write,written,go,gone,Heplantstreesinspring.,主,谓,宾(受动者),Trees,areplanted,by,him,inspring.,改为被动语态,Hisbrotherwashesbowlseveryday.,主,谓,宾(受动者),Bowls,arewashed,by,hisbrother,everyday.,1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语,Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词,变为被动语态,2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm,Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词,Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.,主,谓,宾(受动者),Theroom,willbecleaned,by,Tom,tomorrow.,3AmycantakegoodcareofGina,GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词,各种时态的被动语态构成1）一般现在时：Youareinvitedtodothis.2）一般过去时：Thestorywastoldbyher.3）一般将来时：Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.,看一看想一想,4)情态动词：Therubbishcanbeputintothedustbinoverthere.,各种时态的被动语态构成,一般现在时：一般过去时：情态动词：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在完成时：过去进行时：,S+am/is/are+P.PS+was/were+P.P.S+can/may/must/should+be+P.P.S+will+be+P.P.S+am/is/are+being+P.P.S+have/has+been+P.P.S+was/were+being+P.P.,三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：ItissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseandItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知Itiswellknownthat据推测说Itissupposedthat,何时使用被动语态呢？一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen我的自行车被盗了。,四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：TinaisaskedtocomebyPaulTina是被Paul叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989,几种特殊结构1.Myunclegavemeagiftonmybirthday2.Weoftenhearhimplayguitar,IwasgivenagiftonmybirthdayAgiftwasgiventomeonmybirthday.Heisoftenheardtoplayguitar注意：see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make,listento,lookat等动词/短语后作宾语补语的不定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带to。,1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives_forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_twiceamonth.,EXERCISES,areused,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor._onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_toreturnthebookintime.,Theticketwasfound,wastold,5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He_onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers_tohelpthem.,wasmadetohave,canbe,used,1)Teenagersshould_(allow)togooutatnight.2)Thetelephone_(invent)byBell.3)English_(speak)inChina.4)Thecar_(make)inChina.5)Theroommust_(clean)everyday.,beallowed,wasinvented,isspoken,ismade,becleaned,1。动词(表示主语的属性特征)+副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。,read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,Thebooks_wellA.weresoldB.sellC.havesoldD.arebeingsoldThiskindofcloth_easilyA.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashed,B,C,主动式表被动义,2.不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。,difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good,comfortable,light,heavy,safe,Thefishisnotfit_(eat)WefindEnglishishard_(learn)Thearticleisdifficult_(understand).,toeat,tolearn,tounderstand,3.不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。,Ihavealotofhomework_(do)Illgivehimsomebooks_(read),todo,toread,表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。,4表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。(look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear,make,.)Thesteelfeelscold,5表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut,move,r