《英语定语从句2》PPT课件.ppt

定语从句-attributeclauses,1.定义及相关术语,2.关系代词与关系副词的区别,3.区别几种句型,定语（attribute）,定义：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。汉语中常用的表示。Thelittleboyneedsabluepen.TheboyneedsaballpenTheboythereneedsapenTwoboysneedtwopens,形容词,名词,副词,数词,HissonneedsTomspenTheboytowritethisletterneedsapenThesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismotherTheboyinblueisTom,不定式,分词,介词短语,代词或名词所有格,各种修饰成分位置,限：限定词（一般指数量）观：外观（美丽等）形：形状（大小，高矮，肥瘦）龄：年龄色：颜色国：国籍材：材料翻译：一位十八岁漂亮并且高挑的中国女孩一个圆圆的迷人的绿色美国西瓜,定义及相关术语,1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。,ThatistheteacherwhoteachesusEnglish.Thosewhowanttogototheparkaregirls.,2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。,ThatistheteacherwhoteachesusEnglish.Thosewhowanttogototheparkaregirls.,_（名词）,_（代词）,3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanhadlosthisway.Footballisagameislikedbymostboys.IstillrememberthedayIfirstcametothisschool.Hehasafriendfatherisadoctor.,who,which,when,whose,thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas等,whenwherewhy等,关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。,Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.,关系代词与关系副词的区别,返回目录,1.在从句中作状语的，就用关系副词when,where,why2.在从句中作宾语的，就用that,which,who,whom,而不取决于先行词是什么。在定语从句中担任宾语的，尽管先行词是一个表时间或地点的词，关系词仍不能用where和when.,解题点拨:看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分；若是作状语,就用where,when,why等关系副词；若是作主语、宾语或定语，则用关系代词that,which,whom,whose等。,例如：,1.Wewillneverforgetthedays（）weworkedonthefarm.2.Wewillneverforgetthedays（）wespenttogetheronthefarm.when指thedays,“在那些日子里”,表示劳动的时间which指thedays,“那些日子”,做spent的宾语,when,that/which,例如：,3.August6wasthedayshewasborninapoorfamily.4.August6isthedaytheywillalwaysremember.5.2008istheyeartheChinesepeoplearelookingforwardto.,when,that/which,that/which,6.a.Thereason_hemissedthespeechisthatheforgotthetime.b.Thereason_hegaveussoundedreasonable.7.a.Illneverforgettheday_wespenttogetherinParis.b.Illremembertheday_westayedtogetheratthattime.,why,(which/that),(which/that),when,8.a.Isthisthefactory_wevisitedlastyear?b.Isthisthehouse_Lincolnoncelived?,(which/that),where,解题点拨:看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分；若是作状语,就用where,when,why等关系副词；若是作主语、宾语或定语，则用关系代词that,which,whom,whose等。,返回目录,考点诠释,【实战点评】用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：Thisisthefactory()hevisitedlastyear.Thisisthefactory()heworkedlastyear.Thisisthefactory()heworkedinlastyear.,返回目录,which/that,where,which/that,分析从句成分：第题定语从句中visited为及物动词且缺少宾语，故可填关系代词which/that,且口语中常可以省略；第题定语从句中worked为不及物动词，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where；第题定语从句中worked为不及物动词但其后有介词in，先行词在从句中作后置介词的宾语，故可填关系代词which/that且口语中可以省略；,返回目录,基础知识回顾:关系词及其意义,指代人指代事物所属关系指地点指时间指原因,who,whom,that,aswhich,that,aswhosewherewhenwhy,归纳总结,做题技巧?,先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分,考点一、where的用法,1.如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where或inwhich引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。,eg.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。,IvecometothepointwhereIcantstandhim,国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。,Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.,1.Wearetryingtoreachapoint_bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.（06山东）A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when2.-Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?-Yes,theresonepoint_wemustinsiston.（06江西）A.whyB.whereC.howD./,做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。,考点二、when的用法,1.ItwasOctober_wemetinShanghaiforthefirsttime.2.ItwasinOctober_wemetinShanghaiforthefirsttime.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.while,C,A,注:当表示时间的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时,不能用when,3.Iwillneverforgetthedays_Ispentwithyourfamily.,(that/which),非限制性定语从句,Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.Mr.Wang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果:,限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略。,非限制性定语从句省略后意义仍然完整，所以可以省略。,逗号隔开,修饰限定,补充解释,能,不能,的,两个句子,无逗号,定语从句,非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。引导“非限定”的关系词有：1.指人时：2.指物时：which（可指某个词也可指整个主句，从句只能位于主句之后）as（表示正如，可位于主句前或主句后）,非限制性定语从句的用法,who,whom,whose,which,as,情况1,Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,考点二.介词+关系代词的用法,3.指地点时：4.指时间时：5.指原因时：,where=相应介词+which,when=相应介词+which,forwhich（切不可用why）,情况2,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,情况3,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,可见,who、that不能用与介词之后,某些短语动词的的介词不能前置，如果将介词前置，该动词就会失去原动词词组的含义。此时介词不能前置。如：lookafter;lookfor;lookinto;getin(收获);takecareof(关心；照顾）；takefor(认为；以为);takeoff(起飞)，takepartinbeusedto(习惯于)；makeuseof(利用)；,例：Yourpen,whichyouhavebeenlookingfor,mighthavebeenleftinyourbedroom.,例:ThisisthebookaboutwhichItalkedtoyou.,情况4,Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义（重中之重）1.一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。IneverforgetthedayonwhichIcametothisschool.(ontheday)2.二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。ThisistheiPadonwhichIspent3000yuan.(spendmoneyonsth.)3.三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。ThisismypairofglasseswithoutwhichIcannotseeclearly.,1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.,介词+关系代词的情况练习,onwhich,forwhich,fromwhich,aboutwhich,throughwhich,练习,1.Doyouknowtheboy_yourmotheristalking?2.Istillremembertheday_IfirstgottoParis.3.Hegavemesomenovels_Iamnotveryfamiliar.,towhom,withwhich,onwhich,4.Hegavemesomenovels_Iamnotveryfamiliarwith.,which/that/不填,5.Irecognizedtheboss_companymysisterwasworking.,inwhose,考点三：As的用法as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such,thesame,so,as修饰，即构成suchas,thesameas,soas,结构，做题时容易忽略。as与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用as,意为“正如、恰如”as用于as+主语+谓语或as+被动谓语结构中,如:asweallknow,asiswellknown,aswehadexpected,asisnatural,etc.,考点四：as的用法,asthatwhich1.Itissuchabigstone_nobodycanlift.2.Itissuchabigstone_nobodycanliftit.,as,that,asthatwhich3._isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.4.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.,As,which,考点四：as的用法,做题技巧?,当主句中出现such或so时,看后面从句是否缺主语或宾语:,(1)缺主语或宾语,从句前用as,引导定语从句,(2)不缺主语和宾语,从句前用that,引导结果状语从句,当主句中出现thesame时,后面从句缺主语或宾语时与as搭配表同一类事物,与that搭配表同一个事物,模拟训练：,1.Heissuchalazyman_nobodywantstoworkwith_.A.as;himB.that;/C.as;/D.whom;him2.Mrs.Blacktookthepolicebackto_place_shewitnessedtherobbery.A.thesame;asB.thesame;whereC.thesame;thatD.asthesame;as,“非限定”使用须知1.从句中所有的关系词都不可省略2.从句通常不能用that引导3.在“非限定”中,指人的关系代词作宾语时,只能用宾格whom,不能用who替换,也不能省略。4.从句不能用why引导,要用forwhich代替why5.从句置于句首时,不能用which引导;而要用关系代词as引导(as可放主句前,也可放主句后),要点归纳,wherethat1.Thisisthelibrary_Iborrowedthebook.2.Itisfromthislibrary_Iborrowedthebook.,where,定语从句,that,强调句型,综合考查一：定语从句与强调句,3.-WheredidyoulastseeMr.Smith?-Itwasinthehotel_Ilived.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when,考点五.综合考查,近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。,友情提示,综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句,1.Weallhaveheardthenews_ourteamwon.2.Wedontbelieveinthenews_hetoldusyesterday.,that,that/which/,综合考查三：定语从句与表语从句,Theplace_thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.（05江苏）A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich,that/which,定语从句与同位语从句的区别:在定语从句中,that要担任成分;when,where,why前有其含义相当的先行词.而在同位语从句中,that不担任成分,只起连接的作用,不用翻译;when,where,why前没有其含义相当的词语.,定语从句与状语从句的区别:定语从句前一定有先行词来引导,而状语从句没有先行词,它所引导的状语从句只在句中充当状语的成分.,区别方法,定语从句与强调句型的区别:在强调句型中,去掉itis/was和that/who句子仍然成立,但定语从句不可,定语从句与表语从句的区别:在表语从句中,从句只充当表语的成分,常位于系动词后面.而定语从句前一定有先行词.,综合考查四:主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致.注意:“oneof+复数名词”后的定语从句谓语用复数,而“the(only/very)oneof+复数名词”后的定语从句谓语用单数.,eg.I,whoamyourfriend,willdomybesttohelpyou.,Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam.,返回目录,高考链接,（2008，福建，31）Bynineoclock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,_appearedararerainbowsoon.A.ofwhichB.onwhichC.fromwhichD.abovewhich【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的介词which的用法，原句可还原成ararerainbowappearedabove。根据选项我们已经知道了考查的大方向,就是需要我们找到合适的介词搭配。,返回目录,高考链接,(09四川卷)20.Shellneverforgetherstaythere_shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句的用法。herstay为先行词，可以理解为抽象的一段时间（她呆在那里期间），when指代herstay在定语从句中做时间状语。,返回目录,高考链接,（2008,浙,8）Yesterdayshesoldhercar,_sheboughtamonthago.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which【解析】本题考查的是非限制性定语从句。题中空格前面主句中的先行词是car，空格后面定语从句的谓语动词bought后面缺一个宾语，只能选用关系代词。A项when和B项where都是关系副词，可以予以排除，C项that不能用于非限制性定语从句中。故选D。,返回目录,高考链接,（2008江苏，24）TheScienceMuseum