关 键 词：

冲孔落料复合模 说明书+CAD 油泵 调节 垫片 冲压 设计 冲孔 复合 说明书 CAD

资源描述：

购买设计请充值后下载，，资源目录下的文件所见即所得，都可以点开预览，，资料完整，充值下载可得到资源目录里的所有文件。。。【注】：dwg后缀为CAD图纸，doc,docx为WORD文档，原稿无水印，可编辑。。。具体请见文件预览，有不明白之处，可咨询QQ:12401814

内容简介：

The fast mould integrates the systematic precision and guarantees that the system is studied Summary : Recommend with RP fast of technology and cast maturity manufacture functional CAE system of products of craft, have analysed the factor influencing precision of the products, has proposed analysing the precision at stage of three main shaping with the non-linear finite element, adopt pattern-recognition theory, error theory, neural network method to deal with the error and feedback the problem, carry on error compensate revise and prediction of machining accuracy , improve final method of product quality. Keyword: CAE; RT; Feedback 1 preface Fast prototype technology (& of Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing, abbreviate RP or RPM as, urged directly by the part CAD model, adopt the material accurate prototype or part manufacturing technology which piles up the complicated three-dimensional entity, it is each on the basis of being dispersed /pile up by shaping manufacturing approach not new-type of the principles. Rapid shaping technique already can make and include resin, plastics, paper, paraffin wax, pottery prototype of material successfully very much, but can only do the function experiment in the limited metal used for substituting really of occasion and other type function parts as the functional part. With increase and constant development of technology of demand, fast prototype technology to fast prototype / direction in which the part is being made develop. Utilize RP technological shaping function part, especially metal a kind of main method of part a switch technology, called the fast technology of mould(RT, Rapid tooling). Because traditional mould complicated consuming time and long costly to make course, become design and bottleneck that make often, use RP technology make fast economic mould become RP main motive force of technical development one of. Paul think from PR to RT shaping the second leap of technical development fast. The final purpose of making and shaping is products and service offered and meet the demands. RP technology become front technology of manufacturing industry with a great deal of superiority their, but because limitation restriction extensive application their of material; Traditional technology such as cast, forge and press and develop for a long time, relatively ripe already, but cant meet the needs of fast flexibility of information age , within future one period, must conbine rapid shaping technique and traditional shaping technology together , realize melting quickly and make. 2 RP and RT system integration New product development most high cost have, man-hour longest stage to make the physical model involved, namely prototype manufacture process. RP technology use fast inspection and fast manufactures of different model that part design for mainly. Its basic principle and forming process are: Designed the computer three-dimensional curved surface entitys model of the necessary part by CAD software first , namely electronic model; According to technological requirement, go on the strata it according to certain thickness , turn the original three-dimension electronic model into two-dimentional level information (sectional information); And then carry on certain treatment of the data after the strata, put into and process parameters, produce the numerical control code; Until computer control, numerical control system process by level way process each thin layer and make they automatic sticking and shaping in succession in an orderly manner. RT changes RP prototype into the technology of the tool and mould with various kinds of methods . A method among them is to change the prototype into a pottery type, utilize the method to cast to change into a metal type . And RT manufacture of technology intergration accurate to cast mould method meet modern industry towards many variety, turn batch request of development into with RP prototype, it known as it is flexible tool method 5 ,its craft of routes.3 integrated system make functional precision of product analyse Can find out from CAD final precision of product decide by manufacture error at each stage from model to fast prototype course in products.(1)CAD modeling among the course, because of modeling limitation of software, can describe accurate often as to complicated curved surface; (2)STL division of file among the course, because STL file layout mistake that modelling appear in the course sensitive to geometry, mistake these bring through STL file into and get RP modelling among the craft, some influence RP modelling course 3 these of craft seriously, 4 these . And STL file one approach the wanton surface of the room the triangle with level, therefore can only it is at CAD geometrical property among system therefore 3 on part since express approximate therefore. (3)RP craft through to pile up and succeed the object prototype next life material, a lot of craft course is also following the changing of the material , such as FDM and SLA craft. So, the forming process of RP is not only that the machinery of a material piles up course, a height coupling, non-linear thermodynamics course. There are thes influence factor of the precision of this course: Thickness of material parameter, power of laser, strata, scanning route,etc. (4)Change precision loss of craft depend on and change craft material, conversion method used,etc. (5)It is the stage that the precision loses the most in the whole craft course that the metal pours the course. Usually, the first several in 10*10 error of stage - 2 mm order of magnitude, and metal solidify size change of course in several even a dozen mm.s of order of magnitude, so, the improvement of the precision of the final products depends on this stage to a great extent. There are thes factor influencing its precision: Material nature, for instance material density, elastic mould amount, heat conduction rate, specific heat, line coefficient of expansion,etc., especially the high temperature hot thing parameter of the metal, the heat transfer characteristic between the metal and type, position of watering, rising head ,etc. 4 integrate the precision of the systematic products and guarantee the system In the actual production, adopt and try on law come and guarantee final precision of product by mistake often. With the development of technology of the computer and to lowering costs, realizing the requests of digitization, course controllability, necessary to adopt computer integrated manufacturing approach, go on computer simulation emulation study to whole course. CAE (Computer Aided Engineering, project computer auxiliary ) including fairy victory make, flexible manufacturing, at the same time project, make etc. fictitiously. Introduce CAE technology, can draw the craft route again. If regard the middle course as the black box , from the craft route to the products of CAD model; This fast, many return circuit error with corresponding course controls and the reponse system.5 errors feedback system research In this CAE system, the error exists at every stages. In CAD modelling , divide in the course of STL file , it is because of the limitation of the modelling software that precision is lost, improve the quality of the software, can reduce the error . At RP prototype fabrication stage , change craft stage and metal to pour stage, involve the hot, strength coupling question, quote the non-linear finite element method , under the three-dimensional flute Karls coordinate, according to the conservation principle of energy, can draw : (1) Exert hot stress and external force(such as border terms) that temperature cause as the strength load the object and then, try to get total deformation amount. After drawing the errors of every stages, can set up error reponse system . The error reponse system belongs to and closes the control system of the ring . A main content of it is the research that transmits function out of shape. Under it is at flute not three-dimensional Karl coordinate, whether calculate and error after being the out of shape can express for deformation that get for: e(x,y,z) =P ideal (x, y, z)- p reality (x, y,z) (2) If use d (x, y, z) to show the change matrix of the real whole form , g (x, y, z) shows the matrix of controlling, the feedback control of the whole course can be described as: d (x, y, z) =g(x,y,z) e (x, y,z) (3) E (x, y, z) is the algebraical sum of each course, namely, if does not consider the error of CAD modelling course , and e 1 (x, y,z),e 2 (x, y,z),e 3 (x, y,z) show respectively there arent RP the error, the conversion craft error and the metal of course where the prototypes makes, e(x,y,z) =(x, y,z)+e 3 (x,y, z) (4) The present question is, set up proper g (x, y, z),make d (x, y, z) can disappear to and smaller than range that a certain error allows quickly , namely satisfied: of d (x, y, z) (5) G (x, y, z) embodies us to the whole understanding of deforming the course, it must real-time reflection products out of shape with CAD model out of shape coupling relation. And will change with the changes of the border condition out of shape and material parameter . Because the whole course is that more than one variable, complicated three-dimension input more close the control system of the ring non-linearly, perhaps there is a coupling relation between each variable, so, influence g (x, y,z) factor the a lot of,very it it is difficult to be describe with unified mathematics formula, so, the author puts forward the method to use neural network, train g (x, y,z),make d (x, y,z) reach require.Utilize the neural network to have advantage taught oneself to practise, can reduce the error and feedback the demand for the craft data of the question greatly , and benefit systematic expansion. And because close correcting function to the error of system of ring , may cause systematic unstability . Adopt neural self-adaptation of network, learning method, can raise system stupid and getting wonderful. 6 conclusions RP technology is a fast-developing new developing manufacturing technology, RP, and RT integrated system that technology combine together to make functional main method of part with RP technology nowadays, the precision of raising this fast flexible system is nowadays urgent problem that is solved . This text has analysed that influences the factor of the precision of the products in this flexible manufacturing system, have proposed analysing the precision at stage of three main shaping with the non-linear finite element, adopt pattern-recognition theory, error theory, neural network method to deal with the error and feedback the problem, carry on error compensate revise and prediction of machining accuracy , improve final method of product quality. Selected from the electromechanical project 快速模具集成系统精度保证体系研究摘要: 介绍了利用RP技术的快速性和铸造工艺的成熟性制造功能性产品的CAE系统，分析了影响产品精度的因素，提出了用非线性有限元分析三个主要成型阶段的精度，采用模式识别理论、误差理论、神经网络方法处理误差反馈问题，进行误差补偿修正和加工精度的预报，提高最终产品质量的方法。关键词：CAE；RT;反馈1前 言快速原型技术（Rapid Prototyping & Manufacturing,简称RP或RPM）是指在计算机控制与管理下，由零件CAD模型直接驱动，采用材料精确堆积复杂三维实体的原型或零件制造技术，是一种基于离散/堆积成型原理的新型制造方法。快速成型技术已经能非常成功地制作包括树脂、塑料、纸类、石蜡、陶瓷等材料的原型，但往往不能作为功能性零件，只能在有限的场合用来替代真正的金属和其它类型功能零件做功能实验。随着需求的增加和技术的不断发展，快速原型技术正向快速原型/零件制造的方向发展。利用RP技术成型功能零件尤其是金属零件的一种主要方法是转换技术，称为快速模具（RT，Rapid tooling）技术。由于传统模具制作过程复杂、耗时长、费用高，往往成为设计和制造的瓶颈，因此应用RP技术制造快速经济模具成为RP技术发展的主要推动力之一。Paul1认为从RP到RT是快速成型技术发展的第二次飞跃。制造和成型的最终目的是要提供满足要求的产品和服务。RP技术以其诸多优越性而成为制造业的前沿技术，但因为材料的局限性制约了其更广泛的应用；传统技术如铸造、锻压等经过长期发展，已相对成熟，但不能适应信息时代的快速柔性要求，在未来一段时期内，必须将快速成型技术与传统成型技术结合起来，实现敏捷化制造。2RP与RT系统集成新产品开发中成本最高、工时最长的阶段就是制造所涉及的物理模型，即原型制造过程。RP技术主要用于零件设计的快速检验以及各种模型的快速制造。其基本原理和成型过程是：先由CAD软件设计出所需零件的计算机三维曲面实体模型，即电子模型；然后根据工艺要求，将其按一定厚度进行分层，把原来的三维电子模型变成二维平面信息（截面信息）；再将分层后的数据进行一定的处理，加入加工参数，生成数控代码；在计算机控制下，数控系统以平面加工方式有序地连续加工出每个薄层并使它们自动粘接而成型。RT就是用各种方法把RP原型转换成工模具的技术。其中一个方法是将原型转换成陶瓷型，再利用铸造的方法转换成金属型。利用RP原型与RT技术集成的制造精密铸造模具方法适应了现代工业向着多品种、变批量发展的要求，被称为“柔性工具”方法5,其工艺路线. 3 集成系统制造功能性产品的精度分析从CAD模型到快速原型到产品的过程可以看出，最终产品的精度是由每个阶段的制造误差决定的。(1)CAD建模过程中，由于建模软件的局限性，对于复杂的曲面常常不能精确地加以描述；(2)STL文件的划分过程中，由于STL文件格式对几何造型过程中出现的错误不敏感，这些错误通过STL文件带入到RP造型工艺中，有的将严重影响RP工艺的造型过程3，4。而且，STL文件用平面三角形面片来逼近空间的任意表面，因而只能近似地表示零件在CAD系统中的几何特征3。(3)RP工艺是通过材料的堆积来生成物体原型，许多工艺过程还伴随着材料的相变，如FDM和SLA工艺。所以，RP成型过程不只是一个材料的机械堆积过程，还是一个高度耦合、非线性的热力学过程。这一过程的精度影响因素有：材料参数、激光功率、分层厚度、扫描路径等。(4)转换工艺中的精度损失取决于转换工艺所使用的材料、转换方法等。(5)金属浇注过程是整个工艺过程中精度损失最大的阶段。通常，前几个阶段的误差在1010-2mm数量级，而金属凝固过程的尺寸变化在几个甚至十几个毫米数量级，因此，最终产品精度的提高很大程度上取决于这个阶段。影响其精度的因素有：材料性质，如材料密度、弹性模量、导热率、比热、线膨胀系数等，尤其是金属的高温热物性参数，金属与型腔之间的传热特征，浇、冒口的位置等。4 集成系统产品精度保证体系实际生产中，常常采用试错法来保证最终产品的精度。随着计算机技术的发展以及对降低成本、实现数字化、过程可控性的要求，有必要采用计算机集成制造方法，对整个过程进行计算机模拟仿真研究。CAE（Computer Aided Engineering,计算机辅助工程）包括灵捷制造、柔性制造、同时工程，虚拟制造等。引进CAE技术，可以把工艺路线重新绘制。如果把中间过程看作“黑匣子”，则由CAD模型到产品的工艺路线；此过程相应的快速、多回路误差控制与反馈系统。5误差反馈系统研究在此CAE系统中，误差存在于每一阶段。在CAD造型、划分STL文件的过程中，精度的丢失是由于造型软件的局限性，提高软件的质量，可以降低误差。在RP原型制造阶段、转换工艺阶段和金属浇注阶段，涉及热、力耦合问题，引用非线性有限元方法，在三维笛卡尔坐标下，根据能量守恒原理，可以得出： (1)再将温度引起的热应力和外力（如边界条件）之和作为力载荷施加到物体，求得总变形量。得出每一阶段的误差之后，可以建立误差反馈系统。误差反馈系统属闭环控制系统。它的一个主要内容是变形传递函数的研究。在三维笛卡尔坐标下，由计算得到的变形前和变形后的误差可以表示为：e(x,y,z)=p理想(x,y,z)-p实际(x,y,z) (2)如果用d（x,y,z）表示实际整体形状的变化矩阵，g(x,y,z)表示控制矩阵，则整个过程的反馈控制可以描述为：d（x,y,z）=g(x,y,z) e (x,y,z)(3)e(x,y,z)是每个过程的代数和，即，如果不考虑CAD造型过程的误差，且e1(x,y,z)，e2(x,y,z)，e3(x,y,z)分别表示RP原型制造的误差、转换工艺过程的误差和金属浇注过程的变形量，则e(x,y,z)=e1(x,y,z)+e2(x,y,z)+e3(x,y,z)(4)现在的问题就是，设置适当的g(x,y,z)，使d（x,y,z）能够很快地收敛到小于某个误差允许的范围，即满足： d（x,y,z） (5)g(x,y,z)体现出我们对整个变形过程的理解，它必须实时的反映产品变形和CAD模型变形的耦合关系。而且还要随变形边界条件和材料参数的变化而变化。由于整个过程是一个多变量、多输入的复杂三维非线性闭环控制系统，各个变量之间可能存在耦合关系，因此，影响g(x,y,z)的因素很多，很难用统一的数学公式描述，因此，作者提出应用神经网络的方法，训练g(x,y,z)，使d（x,y,z）达到要求。 利用神经网络具有自学习的优点，可以大大减少误差反馈问题对工艺数据的需求，并且便于系统的扩展。而且由于闭环系统对误差的校正作用，可能会导致系统的不稳定。采用神经网络的自适应、自学习方法，可以提高系统的鲁棒性。6结论RP技术是一个正在快速发展的新兴制造技术，RP和RT技术相结合的集成系统是当今利用RP技术制造功能性零件的主要方法，提高此快速柔性系统的精度是当今急迫解决的问题。本文分析了影响此柔性制造系统中产品精度的因素，提出了用非线性有限元分析三个主要成型阶段的精度，采用模式识别理论、误差理论、神经网络方法处理误差反馈问题，进行误差补偿修正和加工精度的预报，提高最终产品质量的方法。选自机电工程9指导教师：胡淑芬,油泵调节垫片冲压模设计,设计人：肖建春学号：（20050452）,模具的设计,2.1冲压件的工艺分析,该零件图由简单直线和圆弧构成，形状对称，复杂程度一般，外形总体尺寸95x60 x0.2mm。由于零件尺寸精度和表面质量没有特别要求，所以认为一般冲压加工方法能够符合要求，本设计按公差等级IT14计算。冲裁件内形及外形的转角处应尽量避免尖角，本设计一律采用R1作为过渡尖角圆弧半径，以便于模具加工，减少冲裁时尖角处的崩刃和过快磨损。本设计采用的材料为普通黄铜，质地较软，具有良好的冲压性能，且目前市场价格低廉，经济性好，便于大批量生产。,2.2冲压方案的制定方案一：单工序冲裁模单工序冲裁模结构简单、制造周期短、成本低、但模具寿命低、冲裁精度差、操作也不安全。一般用于精度要求不高、形状简单、批量小或试制件。方案二：级进模级进模比单工序模生产率高，减少了模具和设备的数量，工件精度较高，便于操作和实现生产自动化。但成本较高，一般适用于大批量生产小型冲压件。方案三：复合模复合模的特点是生产率高，冲裁件的内孔与外缘的相对位置精度高，冲模的轮廓尺寸较小，适宜冲薄件，也适宜冲脆性或软质材料。但复合模结构复杂，制造精度要求高，成本高。复合模主要用于生产批量大的冲裁件。,综上比较，考虑到零件形状有一定复杂性，采用复合模更为经济，由于工件材料较软且厚度较薄，这里采用正装式复合模。2.3模具材料的选择与热处理模具钢选择的不同直接影响生产率，一般主要根据冲压件的材料和生产的规模来选取，经分析，这里我们选取的模具钢为，属空淬模具钢，具有深的空淬硬化性能，这对于要求淬火和回火之后必须保持其形状的复杂模具是极为有益的。该钢耐磨性介于锰型和高碳高铬型工具钢之间，但其韧性比任何一种都好，特别适合用于要求具备好的耐磨性同时又具有特殊好的韧性的工具。,使用前要经过等温退火、淬火和回火三道热工艺处理。等温退火加热至，保温2h，炉冷至，等温保温4h，出炉空冷。淬火要先经过两次预热，最终加热至940960，空冷，硬度可达6265HRC。回火是为了消除残余应力和稳定组织，最终组织硬度达到6064HRC。2.4排样计算条料宽度及确定步距排样方案对材料利用率、冲件质量、生产率、模具结构与寿命等有重要影响，本设计采用有废料排样。根据工件形状采用单排样方式，如下图,2.5计算冲裁力和压力中心的确定2.5.1）冲裁力通常说的冲裁力是指冲裁力的最大值，它是选用压力机和设计模具的重要依据之一。平刃口冲裁模的冲裁力F一般按下式计算：F=KLtL冲裁周边长度；t材料厚度；材料抗剪强度；K修正系数；,2.5.2）压力中心的确定考虑工件形状圆弧段比较多，用计算的方法计算非常繁琐，这里我采用悬挂法来确定工件的压力中心，具体做法是用匀质细金属丝沿冲裁轮廓弯制成模拟件，然后用缝纫线将模拟件悬吊起来，并从吊点作铅直线，再取模拟件的另一点，以同样的方法作另一铅直线，两直线的交点即为压力中心。,在模拟件上任取一点A，用细线系住并悬挂起来，待其模拟件稳定不动后，作铅直线AG与OX相交于G，点G（39.8，0）即为冲件压力中心点。,2.6压力机的选择压力机的公称压力应大于或等于50.036KN，由此查询国家标准（GB/T14347-1993）选择公称压力为63kN的类开式固定标准工作台。,2.7确定凸凹模间隙，计算凸凹模刃口尺寸确定凸、凹模合理间隙的方法有理论法和查表法两种。由于理论计算法在生产中使用不方便，常用查表法来确定间隙值。查相关资料有：,根据凸凹模的加工方法的不同，刃口的计算方法也不同，基本上可分为两类：凸模与凹模分别加工法，凸模与凹模配合加工法。2.8工作零件的设计及计算2.8.1凹模凹模外形有圆形和矩形，结构有整体式和镶拼式，刃口也有平刃和斜刃。这里采用矩形整体式平刃刃口的凹模。,凹模轮廓尺寸确定：在生产中，通常根据冲裁的板料厚度和冲件的轮廓尺寸，或凹模孔口刃壁间的距离，按经验公式来确定。凹模高度H：H=ks垂直于送料方向的凹模宽度BB=s+3H送料方向凹模的长度LL=s1+2s2式中s垂直于送料方向的凹模刃壁间最大距离;s1送料方向的凹模刃壁间最大距离;s2送料方向的凹模刃壁至凹模边缘的最小