PF线履带式直线驱动装置的设计【高速线材生产线收集区传送设备】
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PF线履带式直线驱动装置的设计【高速线材生产线收集区传送设备】
PF
履带式
直线
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线材
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毕 业 设 计 任 务 书（理工） 学院机械工程学院学生姓名专业机械设计制造及其自动化班级机升0703学号指导教师职 称讲师课题名称P/F线履带式直线驱动装置的设计起止日期自2009 年 2 月 23 日起 至 2009 年 6 月11 日一、课题来源、目的与要求：目前国内外高速线材生产线收集区传送设备P/F输送线主传动机构普遍采用横向浮动式直线驱动装置，主驱动链轮通过安全销与联轴器连接在一起，当负载较大时安全销被剪切断起到安全保护的作用，但由于安全销与链轮连接孔采用过渡配合，在配合间隙稍大时安全销剪切变形大安全销频繁被剪切断，同时传动减速机内部为空心轴，传动轴与减速机通过平键直接连接在一起，传动过程中连接轴变形较大，造成驱动链条与牵引链条啮合不好频繁出现咬链现象，横向浮动直线驱动没有设计快速切换装置，在主传动出现故障时需要人工手动才可以实现备用驱动的切入，对直线式驱动所存在的问题和缺陷进行研究，并进行重新设计，采用履带式直线驱动装置，牢固的支撑架保证驱动装置提供足够的驱动力，可调整的张紧轮及链条支撑机构使得安装调整链条啮合间隙更方便，驱动装置设有快速切换机构，当一台驱动出现故障时可以实现备用驱动的快速切入，这些优点和特性弥补了横向驱动的缺陷，保证了生产和设备的稳定运行。二、主要设计内容：传动减速机选用蜗轮蜗杆减速机，电机通过皮带及皮带轮带动减速机转动，当系统过载时皮带打滑从而实现了对系统的过载保护；蜗轮蜗杆减速机安装在固定支架上，而电机安装在浮动支架上并且前端安装有限位开关，浮动支架可以根据系统负载的大小自动调节皮带的张紧度，当负载过大或皮带到达使用寿命周期时支架碰触限位开关实现系统的安全保护，浮动支架侧面安装有浮动过载保护装置当牵引力超过承扭弹簧的设定值时自动切断电源防止了设备的损坏，在故障排除后复位后即可启动；轴承钨固定在蜗轮蜗杆减速机的下面，待减速机安装调整好以后再进行调试最后通过螺栓紧固即可；驱动的快速切换装置，调整杆通过轴承固定在驱动架上前端通过螺纹与驱动的支撑轨道中心进行连接，通过调整杆的正传和反转就可以实现驱动支撑轨道的旋入与旋出从而实现驱动装置的快速切换。通过以上的设计方案可以保证驱动装置可以提供足够的驱动力，大的传动比及传动机构可以保证驱动链条及牵引链条的啮合间隙，更多的安全过载保护可以保证设备更加稳定的运行，新增加的快速切换装置可以实现驱动间的快速切换。三、主要设计技术指标与参数：主传动链轮与从动链轮采用1：1的传动比等功率传动传动。驱动链条形式：32A-1X60、链条加配驱动爪、驱动爪材质：45钢、热处理：298-332HB、齿部表面淬火处理：HRC55-60、淬火深度：3.2mm。牵引链条采用X-678模锻可拆卸链条，节距为153.2mm，许用拉力27KN，极限拉伸载荷320KN。牵引链条的运行速度为15m/min。四、分阶段指导性进度计划：序号起止日期工 作 内 容阶段成果12.233.1依据P/F线系统的相关技术参数选择合适的蜗轮蜗杆减速机及电机选出合适的电机及减速机型号23.23.9依据选择的减速机及电机对皮带及皮带轮进行设计计算确定皮带及皮带轮的相关参数33.103.29对主传动轴及轴承钨进行设计计算并进行强度校核完成主传动轴及轴承钨的设计43.304.12对快速切入机构及驱动装置的浮动过载保护装置进行设计计算完成快速切入机构和过载保护装置的设计54.134.26对驱动链条传动机构进行设计计算完成驱动链条传动机构的设计计算64.275.10绘制履带式驱动装置的总装配图及部分零件图纸完成图纸的绘制75.116.11设计论文的编写完成设计论文五、主要参考文献资料：1西北工业大学机械原理及机械零件教研室机械设计国防工业出版社，1996-08-01.2陈立德机械设计基础北京：高等教育出版社，2000-08-01.3 瓦房店轴承集团责任有限公司.轴承目录. 4瓦房店中北轴承制造有限公司轴承型录. 5承德新机器人股份有限公司积放式悬挂冷却输送线系统设备.技术响应文件，2003-06-266济南那方输送设备有限公司P/F线使用手册及目录.1994-11-017郑明新工程材料北京：中央广播电视出版社，1986.8施江澜工程材料学北京：机械工业出版社，2000-08-01.9热处理手册编委会热处理手册北京：机械工业出版社.10成大先机械设计手册化学工业出版社.2002-09. 11丁德全.金属工艺学.北京：机械工艺出版社，2000-05.指导教师（签字）： 20 年 月 日系主任（签字）： 20 年 月 日注：本表由指导教师填写，经系主任审定后下发学生。 毕业设计工作总结 表9工作任务完成情况（包括任务书中规定的工作内容、研究目标等，如未能完成须说明原因）： 很好地实现了对系统的过载保护；浮动支架可以根据系统负载的大小自动调节皮带的张紧度，当负载过大或皮带到达使用寿命周期时支架碰触限位开关实现系统的安全保护，浮动支架侧面安装有浮动过载保护装置当牵引力超过承扭弹簧的设定值时自动切断电源防止了设备的损坏，在故障排除后复位后即可启动；驱动支撑轨道的旋入与旋出从而实现驱动装置的快速切换等。 即很好的实现了预定目标和内容。主要创新点： 此次设计过程也产生了创新型设计如：采用履带式直线驱动装置，牢固的支撑架保证驱动装置提供足够的驱动力，可调整的张紧轮及链条支撑机构使得安装调整链条啮合间隙更方便，驱动装置设有快速切换机构，当一台驱动出现故障时可以实现备用驱动的快速切入，这些优点和特性弥补了横向驱动的缺陷，保证了生产和设备的稳定运行等。工作状况（包括工作态度、刻苦精神、协作精神、个人精力投入、出勤等情况）： 本人深刻的认识到了此次设计的重要性：其对未来的实践和应用产生重大的影响！所以，从一开始我就秉持这样的态度努力认真的完成课题。遇到困难时同学们同心协力，群力群策攻破难关，实在解决不了的请老师协助。我们早起晚归，并乐此不疲！收获、体会及建议： 通过此次设计，学会独立完成一项课题的步骤，并重温了以前学过的知识懂得了学以致用，并深刻的理解了理论结合实际，独学则无友则孤陋而寡闻的道理！学会了群力群策，共谋事则事成！ 因此，我认为学生的毕业设计很重要，并结合课程设计，实地参观生产一线及技术部对学生将来在社会上的实用性会有很大的帮助！学生签字： 2009年06月03日毕业设计开题报告（理工类）设计题目P/F线履带式直线驱动装置的设计学生姓名学号专业机械设计制造及其自动化一、课题的目的意义：目前国内外高速线材生产线收集区传送设备P/F输送线主传动机构普遍采用横向浮动式直线驱动装置，主驱动链轮通过安全销与联轴器连接在一起，当负载较大时安全销被剪切断起到安全保护的作用，但由于安全销与链轮连接孔采用过渡配合，在配合间隙稍大时安全销剪切变形大安全销频繁被剪切断，同时传动减速机内部为空心轴，传动轴与减速机通过平键直接连接在一起，传动过程中连接轴变形较大，造成驱动链条与牵引链条啮合不好频繁出现咬链现象，横向浮动直线驱动没有设计快速切换装置，在主传动出现故障时需要人工手动才可以实现备用驱动的切入，对直线式驱动所存在的问题和缺陷进行研究，并进行重新设计，采用履带式直线驱动装置，牢固的支撑架保证驱动装置提供足够的驱动力，可调整的张紧轮及链条支撑机构使得安装调整链条啮合间隙更方便，驱动装置设有快速切换机构，当一台驱动出现故障时可以实现备用驱动的快速切入，这些优点和特性弥补了横向驱动的缺陷，保证了生产和设备的稳定运行。二、近年来国内外研究现状：宽推杆积放式悬挂输送机目前国内的专业制造及安装厂家主要引进的美国WEBB（伟伯）公司的专有技术产品。其中驱动装置经过多年的研究和发展，过载安全保护由原来的安全销逐渐改为履带过载打滑保护并且增加了浮动过载保护装置当牵引力超过设定值时自动切断电源；传动轴外形尺寸有所加大并且在穿过固定轴承钨以后再与传动减速机相连接，增加了传动运行的刚性和可靠性；增大了减速机的速比及传动部件，最早期的B型传动速比为56.21而现在的V型速比为76.5；更改了驱动链条的导向形式，加装了导向轮使驱动链运行更加的平稳；设计了摇进摇出可调式浮动架使更换驱动时间大大的缩短，以上的种种设计与改进都是研究人员通过不断的努力接合使用厂家的反馈信息逐步完善和发展起来的，驱动装置也朝着更新、更好、更稳定的方向发展。三、设计方案的可行性分析和预期目标：传动减速机选用蜗轮蜗杆减速机，电机通过皮带及皮带轮带动减速机转动，当系统过载时皮带打滑从而实现了对系统的过载保护；蜗轮蜗杆减速机安装在固定支架上，而电机安装在浮动支架上并且前端安装有限位开关，浮动支架可以根据系统负载的大小自动调节皮带的张紧度，当负载过大或皮带到达使用寿命周期时支架碰触限位开关实现系统的安全保护，浮动支架侧面安装有浮动过载保护装置当牵引力超过承扭弹簧的设定值时自动切断电源防止了设备的损坏，在故障排除后复位后即可启动；轴承钨固定在蜗轮蜗杆减速机的下面，待减速机安装调整好以后再进行调试最后通过螺栓紧固即可；驱动的快速切换装置，调整杆通过轴承固定在驱动架上前端通过螺纹与驱动的支撑轨道中心进行连接，通过调整杆的正传和反转就可以实现驱动支撑轨道的旋入与旋出从而实现驱动装置的快速切换。通过以上的设计方案可以保证驱动装置可以提供足够的驱动力，大的传动比及传动机构可以保证驱动链条及牵引链条的啮合间隙，更多的安全过载保护可以保证设备更加稳定的运行，新增加的快速切换装置可以实现驱动间的快速切换。四、所需要的仪器设备、材料：1、现场测量用的量具如游标卡尺、米尺等。2、有关于减速机及电机型号选用手册。3、带传动设计及计算的相关知识。4、机械设计手册五、课题分阶段进度计划：序号起止日期工 作 内 容阶段成果12.23-3.1依据P/F线系统的相关技术参数选择合适的蜗轮蜗杆减速机及电机选出合适的电机及减速机型号23.2-3.9依据选择的减速机及电机对皮带及皮带轮进行设计计算确定皮带及皮带轮的相关参数33.10-3.29对主传动轴及轴承钨进行设计计算并进行强度校核完成主传动轴及轴承钨的设计43.30-4.12对快速切入机构及驱动装置的浮动过载保护装置进行设计计算完成快速切入机构和过载保护装置的设计54.13-4.26对驱动链条传动机构进行设计计算完成驱动链条传动机构的设计计算64.27-5.10绘制履带式驱动装置的总装配图及部分零件图纸完成图纸的绘制75.11-6.11设计论文的编写完成设计论文指导教师意见： 签字： 2009年2月20日毕业设计（论文）手册学院 机械工程学院 系 机械设计系 专业 机械设计制造及其自动化 班级 学生姓名 学号 指导教师 职称 讲师 山东理工大学教务处编印二九年六月毕业设计（论文）自二九年二月至二月二十三 至 二九年六月十一日 共十六周毕业设计答辩评审表课题名称P/F线履带式直线驱动装置的设计学生姓名赵东方答辩小组评分评语：答辩小组负责人签字： 年 月 日答辩小组成员签名毕业设计成绩评定指导教师评分评阅人评分答辩评分综合评分（按结构分4：2：4答辩委员会负责人签字： 20 年 月 日毕 业 设 计 等 级（按优、良、中、及格、不及格）Paper the development of mining machineryIt is learned that Chinas coal industry, Eleventh Five-Year period will be the size of new coal mines about 300 million tons, it will adjust the industrial structure, vigorously integration, transformation of the existing coal mines, the closure of small coal mines and eliminate backward production capacity, to speed up large-scale coal base and the modernization of the construction of large-scale coal mines, the mining machinery business to Chinas development provides an excellent opportunity. First, the coal in Chinas energy structure to the important role of Coal is Chinas major energy, economic and social development is an indispensable basis for the material. Chinas abundant coal resources, coal resources, the distribution of an area of about more than 60 million square kilometers, accounting for 6% of land area. According to the Third National prediction and evaluation of coal resources, coal resources in the country 5.57 trillion tons, the enormous potential of coal resources, coal resources in the world. Resources have been identified in the refined search is only 25% of the volume of resources, detailed investigation of resources and only 17%. Proved reserves reached 1.0202 trillion tons. Recoverable reserves of which 189.1 billion tons, accounting for 18%, per capita consumption is only 145 tons, which is lower than the world average. The State Council formulated the energy and long-term development planning framework (2004-2020) (draft) that we should vigorously adjust and optimize the energy structure, adhere to the coal as the main body, as the center of power, oil and gas and all-round development of new energy strategy. In view of Chinas more than coal, oil, gas (natural gas) features, in the future for a long period of time, energy structure is still dominated by coal, coal in primary energy consumption accounted for around 70%. Coal in 2004 accounted for Chinas primary energy production more than 70% in Chinas energy structure dominated, plays a key role. According to a well-off society in Chinas demand, the trend of coal consumption will be significantly increased. Users in the composition of coal consumption, electricity, metallurgy, building materials, chemical industry four coal consumption accounted for the total coal consumption in 1990 from 50% to 84% of in 2004, which accounted for 51.8% of electric power, metallurgy 11.64%, 27% in 2004 to 51 percent, nearly double. Second, the status quo of Chinas coal industry development The 21st century, the rapid development of Chinas coal industry in 2000, coal 990 million tons nationwide in 2001 an annual output of 1104 million tons of coal in 2002, 1.38 billion tons in 2003, 1.667 billion tons. 2004 coal 1.956 billion tons, accounting for one-time energy production of 74.3%, coal was 1.891 billion tons for the sales, accounting for one-time national total energy consumption of 65%, significantly increased levels of productivity, industrial restructuring made significant progress. Some enterprises have begun to trans-regional, cross-sectoral joint industry, coal, electricity, and road, Hong Kong and aircraft industry began to take shape chain, forming a group leader in the domestic, the international competitiveness of a certain large corporations, such as Shenhua Group, Shanxi Coking Coal Group, such as Yanzhou Mining Group. Sharp increase in Chinas coal production has been of concern throughout the world. Coal is the cornerstone of Chinas energy security. The coal industry is an important basic industry, Chinas coal production is the worlds first coal-producing countries, now Chinas coal industry has already set out the design, construction, equipment and management of open-cut coal mine 10 million tons and the capacity of large and medium-sized mines . Modern fully mechanized mining equipment, mechanized excavation equipment and large-scale high-performance open-air stripping, mining, transportation and support of complete sets of equipment widely used in large and medium-sized coal mines. At the same time, Chinas coal mining technology and equipment in general low level of coal production is mechanized equipment, some of both mechanized and manual operation of the multi-level structure. Low level of technology and equipment. National non-mechanized coal mining 60%. Large and medium-sized state-owned key coal mines the level of the more advanced equipment, but the larger the degree of aging equipment; small mine the extremely low level of production technology and equipment, coal production process backward, excessive workers, low efficiency. To protect the supply of coal is the coal industry to strengthen macro-control of one of the key, and tap the potential of coal production to speed up the construction of large-scale coal bases, is an important measure. To this end, the only substantial increase in output of large and medium-sized coal mines in order to protect the premise of a stable supply of coal under the conditions of small coal mines to contain and eliminate the development of small coal mines, coal production and structural optimization of the completion of the adjustment. Since December 1998, the state of coal made a major readjustment of industrial structure, a number of closed 50,000 small coal mines, out of a number of backward production capacity, through macro-control, the situation improved coal production, supply and demand balance. Chinas coal production more than 25,000 enterprises, including large-scale enterprises account for about 60% in 2005, plans to close down more than 2,000 small coal mines. Third, Chinas coal industry problems and with the international advanced coal-producing countries, the gap between 1, Chinas coal enterprises small scale, low industrial concentration to highlight Chinas coal enterprises characterized by small-scale, low efficiency, poor security conditions, low industrial concentration. According to statistical data analysis of the coal industry, the state-owned key coal mines in 2002 accounted for 52 percent of state-owned local coal mines accounted for 18%, 30% of township coal mines. Wells divided by type, large-scale mines accounted for 32%, 18% medium-sized mines, small mines (including the township coal mines) accounted for 48%. In 2004, the country has around 25,000 coal mines, more than 95% of small coal mines, coal mine production capacity of 30,000 tons less than about 40% of the mine, the coal industry, only 15% concentration is far below the worlds major coal-producing countries. Advanced coal-producing countries, concentration of coal industry, the worlds top 10 big companies, relying on core competitiveness, grow in size and strength, improve the global coal industry, the degree of decentralization. 2003, 10 major coal companys coal production accounted for about 18.81 percent of global production, theres five coal production more than 100 million tons, of which the Peabody ranked first company to reach 183 million tons, Rio Tinto has reached 143 million tons , four former U.S. coal production enterprises in the country accounted for 46.9 percent of total coal. 2, behind Chinas coal equipment, mechanization, low degree of automation, the lack of large complete sets of equipment. Chinas coal production base is weak, nervous for the production of state-owned coal mines accounted for nearly 50% of the total number of mines serious aging main production equipment, the extended active duty accounted for 30-40%, part of township coal mines with inadequate facilities, poor production conditions, and some machinery and equipment does not only artificial mining, coal-related laws and regulations do not meet the requirements of current resources destruction and waste. Part of the coal business there is a thick disposable thin mining, lose fat eating lean waste of resources, such as the National Coal average recovery rate for the 30-35% of the resources-rich region, the recovery rate of small mine resources only 10 -15%. According to statistical data analysis of the coal industry in 2002, the focus of Chinas state-owned coal mining mechanization level of 77.78%, integrated coal mining mechanization for 62.98%, heading for the 81.15% level of mechanization, integrated mechanization level of wells 15.03%, the local state-owned coal lower the degree of mechanization. The current coal mining mechanization is only 42%, with the exception of large and medium-sized state-owned coal mining mechanization level to reach 75%, the majority of the low level of coal production techniques, poor equipment, low efficiency. Township coal mines in particular, is basically non-mechanized mining. Township coal mines in 2004 Chinas coal output accounted for 39% of the total output. Not suitable for use on top of 5.5 meters above the coal seam, it is necessary to adopt the use of full-time high is the most rational and effective method of coal mining, but not suited to the domestic high yield and efficiency of fully mechanized mining equipment. The United States and abroad Joy (JOY), Germany德伯特(DBT) and the German艾克夫(Eickhoff) companies have a mature high-coal mining high-wide high-yield, high-performance fully mechanized mining equipment. Shenhua Group annual production capacity of complete sets of equipment imported 10.85 million tons a breakthrough, a breakthrough face length of 300 meters, the longest of the face has more than 400 meters, face more than the total installed capacity of power 5000kw. And the international advanced coal-producing countries, coal production has a high-power heavy-based, automated, intensive, in accordance with the characteristics of environmental protection. Advanced to the power of the mining equipment, heavy-duty development, equipment reserve coefficient, and high reliability operation. DBT (Germany德伯特), JOY (United States long-yi) and Eickhoof (Germany艾克夫), such as mining equipment companies have automated features to create products. Federal No. 2 mine in the face with the realization of the automatic-shift aircraft. Australia achieved Batana automatically cut coal mine coal and aircraft with automatic shift. Especially information technology in the coal mines are widely used in production, advanced coal face extensive collection of equipment operating parameters and environmental safety testing information, in the face and focus on emerging Ethernet transmission to the ground through the computer, to achieve long-range transport and fault diagnosis . Transport systems, power supply systems and ventilation systems were not on duty. Focus on the implementation of long-range operations, video surveillance, supporting a personal inspection. Roadway layout of intensive, production systems and fewer links to achieve high concentration of production. Mine is usually a well, a production. Some of the longwall face advanced only 6 per class, of whom 2 shearer drivers, maintenance 1 person, 1 person operatives concentrated nose, the other 2 people to replace rest. Attach great importance to the improvement of working environment and human security. Computer monitoring of safety information, monitoring probes throughout the mine. With hydraulic support with automatic spray automatic spray planes and shift functions; shearer baffle above the installation to reduce the dust to enter the Peoples Bank of space. Shearer leeward side of the operation, virtually no work. 3, coal mine production safety accidents in China coal mine safety production, the major gas accidents, mine accidents, total number of deaths peaked in 2004, China produces about two billion tons of coal, about 6000 people killed, over several a substantial increase in coal production, millions of tons of coal or the decline in mortality. From 5.59 persons in 1994 dropped to 3.08 persons in 2004, the United States produces about one billion tons of coal 27-31 people died, mortality rate of about 0.039 million tons; Poland mortality rate of 0.09 million tons; in South Africa for 0.13 million tons of mortality; Russias mortality rate was 0.34 million tons. Chinas mortality rate is one million tons to about 100 times the United States, Russia about 10 times, in India about 12 times, far exceeding the advanced coal producing countries. According to experts, the mine safety instruments, safety equipment are made in the design considerations, the majority of accidents are mine management, the real problem due to equipment less the event of an accident. Advanced coal-producing countries to rely on large, powerful fully mechanized mining technology and equipment has been completed from the ordinary to the fully mechanized coal mine mechanization and automation of the production of high-performance intensive transition. The construction of high efficient coal mines not only improve the efficiency of coal production, to achieve intensive coal production, and in the process of coal mine production safety monitoring, control and create conditions so as to effectively prevent and control the production of coal mine safety accidents. Advanced coal-producing countries attach great importance on safety in production, not only have a sound legal system for production safety, as well as the production of fine-strict security measures, strict access system for coal production, and monitoring the realization of a computer security information, monitoring probes throughout the mine to ensure the safety in production. Fourth, the development of the coal industrys demand for mining machinery and equipment 1, the development trend of Chinas Coal Industry According to the coal industry-related content development planning, Eleventh Five-Year period, Chinas new coal mine will be about 300 million tons, of which 200 million tons production. Countries in the Eleventh Five-Year period, the coal industry to adjust the industrial structure, vigorously integration, transformation, the closure of small coal mines and at the same time appropriate to speed up the construction of large-scale coal bases, started a number of modern large-scale coal mines, backward production replacement capacity. Eleventh Five-Year period of modern enterprise system, the coal industry to further improve the basic large-scale coal enterprise groups formed in 2010 to form a production capacity of 5-6 months亿吨级large enterprise groups, 5-6 50 million tons large enterprise-class production capacity, national coal production will account for 60% of total production. The adoption of new technology and the old mine, the country will build 300 high yield and efficiency of mine, mine production of high-yield and efficient production of the country will account for about 50%. Eleventh Five-Year period, the state will build Shendong, Shanxi Province, Jindong, Mongolia East (Northeast), the Yunnan-Guizhou, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Lianghuai Huang Long (Huating), wing, the Ningdong, Shanbei 13 large coal bases, these bases of reserves, accounting for more than 70% of reserves, as the planning and construction of coal supply to the heart. Initial forecast of coal demand for the country: in 2010 to 25-27 million tons in 2020 to 30-32 million tons, both the energy demand more than 60%. According to the relevant parts of statistics, in 2004 the state-owned key coal mines 922 million tons of coal production, more than 50 percent of its approved capacity of more than a serious shortage of coal production capacity. As measured by 2020, new and under construction production capacity of state-owned coal mine about 710 million tons. If the output of small coal mines in China still maintain the current 600 million tons, according to the high-end programs to forecast demand, the next 20 years Chinas coal production capacity needs to add 1.7 billion tons, with an average annual 85 million tons; according to the needs of low-end forecast program, the next 20 years Chinas coal production capacity needs to add 1.3 billion tons, with an average annual 65 million tons. 2, on the demand for mining machinery and equipment Eleventh Five-Year period, the coal industry, the technological level of production will be markedly improved. 140 countries will build a modern and efficient coal mine safety, the state will increase support for coal mine construction projects, and there have been 17 coal projects, issued by the State Development Bank loan commitments, will be more than 100 high-end S & P mining face upgraded to fully mechanized coal mining face, more than 100 S & P upgraded to high-grade coal face mining face. In this way, Chinas large coal mining mechanization level to reach 95%. The degree of mechanization and medium-sized coal mines will reach more than 80%; large-scale coal mining equipment, the domestic advanced level reached 20%, and equipment of international advanced level reached 6%, medium-sized domestic coal mining equipment reached the advanced level of 10 percent small and medium-sized coal mine mechanization, the degree of semi-mechanized more than 30%. On that analysis, the rapid growth of coal demand, the coal mining mechanization indicators will be a breakthrough for the development of coal mining equipment will provide a broad market prospects. (1) the focus of fully mechanized mining equipment underground Chinas coal mining more than 90% of workers exploitation wells, well production workers accounted for the dominance of coal mining. For the rapid increase in Chinas overall level of equipment, should be guided by the concept of scientific development, to take great-leap-forward development. In the Eleventh Five-Year period should be based on Nissan 2.5-3 million tons (about 10 million tons annual output) of the fully mechanized mining equipment made a breakthrough into the country to achieve fully mechanized mining equipment made to promote Chinas industrial development and mining machinery . Expected from 2004 to 2020, an annual increase of fully mechanized coal mining face 30 sets of complete sets of equipment, general mining face 50 sets of complete sets of equipment, upgrading of equipment each year is about one-sixth of the existing base. Rough estimates, coal mining equipment in 2010 the annual demand will reach about 500 sets. High yield and efficiency of fully mechanized mining technology is the core of the comprehensive mechanization of underground mining face conveyor equipment, major coal cutter, scraper conveyor, belt conveyor and hydraulic support. Much-needed research and development of electrical traction coal cutter: the total power installed capacity of about 2000kw, power supply voltage of 3.3 KV, mining height range of 5-6m, production capacity of 3000t / h or so. Heavy-duty scraper conveyor: transmission capacity 3000 - 5000t / h, the length of the laying of 250-400m, chain speed 1.4m / s, installed power of 3 700 or 2 1000kw, power supply voltage of 3.3 KV. Hydraulic support: the greatest resistance to the work of 12000 KN, the largest bore column 480mm, support a high degree of 6m, aircraft pitch 1.75-2m, stand down or time-shift 8-12s, the use of electro-hydraulic control system. Large belt conveyor: Installed Power 1500-4000KN, voltage 3.3KV, bandwidth 1.4m, with velocity 5m / s, volume 5000t / h, distance of more than 50000m, rollers more than 50,000 hours life, reducer more than 70,000 hours life. (2) underground mechanized digging equipment Fully de-sac the current level of mechanization is relatively low, only 12.81 percent, far behind the development of fully mechanized coal mining mechanization, which although large boring machine, but still higher than the overall technical level of the advanced international level there is a wide gap between. Advanced research and development to be boring machine: its cutting power for more than 300kw, cut side up and cut off 42m2, the economy of cutting hardness f12, reliability requirements, gear life in more than 20000h, 30000h bearing more than life in, and strive to boring machine 10,000 meters without fault. At the same time to combine the actual condition of our country and coal mining, the development of cutting collection, shipment, walking, bolting, airborne dust and other functions into one co-anchor of the excavation units and equipment can greatly improve the driving speed. (3) Automatic planer-borne equipment Thin coal reserves in China account for about 21% of total reserves of around, but as a result of thin coal seams, the operating room for small, poor working conditions, high yield and high efficiency thin seam mining technology has been the study of Chinas coal industry, an important problem. Plows as a shallow cut deep, multi-cycle of coal mining equipment, is to achieve high yield and high efficiency thin seam of an effective way. Thin coal seams to increase the mechanization level of resources to speed up the thin seam mining progress can not only make full use of limited resources and improve the overall capacity of the mine at the same time, is also conducive to protect the safety of coal production. The development of large features, high-intensity, high efficiency, compact automatic coal plow equipment is imperative. Automatic coal plow equipment (mining height 0.6-1.8m), mainly coal plow, supporting scraper conveyor, hydraulic support in thin seam, Shun reproduced slot machine, crusher and other products. Chinas major imports from Germany DBT host - and associated coal plow scraper conveyor, from Beijing Coal Machinery Factory hydraulic support package thin seam, Zhangjiakou Coal Mine Machinery Co., Ltd. and matching crusher reprint. Have been imported to the current six (2 sets of iron, Jincheng, sun, Yangquan, Datong and 1 set). Developed full-automatic coal plow complete sets of equipment: the production capacity of 1000 tons / hour, the laying of the length of 250-300 meters, coal seam thickness of 0.8-2 m to adapt to meet the coal hardness F 3.5, meet the seam angle 25 degrees, power 2 400kw (the first part of plane), plane of coal for two-speed hybrid, uplink speed of 0.88 meters, 1.76 meters downlink speed, planing deep 120 mm, up 90 mm, 30 mm downstream, the next chain traction, traction chain 38 mm D grade Plows smart control system can automatically monitor the nature and location of fault. (4) The mine hoist equipment At present, about 90% of Chinas coal is mined by the well workers, mine workers to upgrade equipment is well throat mining equipment, it is not only related to the mines coal production, but also directly affect the lives and safety of the entire mine. Chinas coal output by 2020 will reach 20-32 million tons, the estimated annual need to add large, large mine hoist about 30 sets, taking into account the renewal and transformation, integrated estimates in the Eleventh Five-Year period the average annual need of various 150-180 hoist sets, in which large-scale and large about 20%, about 80% of small and medium-sized, lift annual output value of around 540 million yuan. Applicable to the development of an annual output of 10 million tons of large mine hoist equipment, its specifications for the 6 4,7 4 more rope or machine, the largest stand-alone power for drag 6000KW, dual-plane for the 2 4000KW, to enhance the speed of the largest 14 16 m / s, whole life for 25 years. Constant torque, constant speed hydraulic control system: the use of automated computer numerical control operations, enhance the speed and location of the monitoring vessel by electric automatic detection, feedback, adjustment. The realization of fully automated elevator monitoring operation. (5) open-air mining equipment Open-pit mining accounts for the total coal production in China of about 10%. Well work with open-pit mining exploitation of coal resource utilization when compared with high, low-cost mining operations at the scene and more security staff and so on. Therefore, the development of open-pit mining have their work well can not be compared to the role and significance. Large-scale open-pit mine equipment design, manufacturing to the use of the technical and competition to all countries in the worlds most advanced technology equipment used in large-scale open pit, so the development of large-scale open-pit mine can be driven mechanical equipment, electrical, hydraulic, information, etc. the development of the industry, to promote and facilitate the development of Chinas national industry. The current world is characterized by open-pit mining: a high concentration of intensive exploitation and management; the diversification of mining technology; enterprise management and computerized smart mines; rational use of resources, the reconstruction of the ecological environment, such as maintaining the sustainable development aspects. Large-scale coal bases in Chinas overall plan, the Shendong, Shanxi Province, Mongolia East (Northeast), the Yunnan-Guizhou, Huang Long (Huating), and Shaanxi have built a large base of open-cut coal mine, only Huolinhe, Yimin River , Shengli, 20 million t Pingshuo Har project selection 16-45m3 mining excavators on the market demand up to 30-50 billion;哈尔乌, Wu Jia-tower Majiata mining projects to be selected Large pull shovel 15-20 billion, and for example, mining of semi-continuous process equipment only kept 7 East to build 50 million t of coal-class base, the construction of a number to ensure victory No. 123, 100 tone flowers, Yimin River, Po Shearer I and II on more than kilowatt-ton large-scale open-cut coal mine, together with the House of God, Har, and alteration of the original five major open-cut coal mine and II and III of the expansion of mobile, semi-mobile crusher demand points in the 40-60 Taiwan (sets), the requirements of portable (semi-mobile) crushing station to reach the production capacity of 2000-4000 tons per hour (coal), up to 6000 tons per hour (broken rock). Coal mine in the above-mentioned construction of the demand for mining trucks, it is estimated that, Eleventh Five-Year period required to 100t class ore car in about 250. Fighting the current needs of the development of capacity 28m3, 45m3 are large mechanical shovel, bucket capacity 70m3, 90m3, 100m3 for the 100m long arm of the large-scale pull scraper, 17 percent lower power consumption to reduce the mechanical parts of about 30% of the load stress and improve service life of components so that MTTF up to international advanced level. Bucket Wheel Excavator developed for cooperation with foreign manufacturers 3600m3 large bucket wheel excavators, reached the international advanced level. The development of mobile, large-scale semi-mobile crushing station, its production capacity of 4000-6000-8000t / h, crushing strength of materials 150Mpa, feed particle size 1500 1500 1500-2500 2500 2500mm, particle size nesting 350mm, the form of new legislation machine Double Roll Crusher (center distance of 1500-1800mm, roll length 2500-4000mm, power 2 300-2 500KW). 2m bandwidth to develop large-scale belt conveyor, power 3 1400KW, traffic 12000t / h, a single quasi-fixed length 8820m, rear-mounted stand-alone long shift 5270m, in the low temperature -45 to normal operation. For cooperation with foreign countries, the development of 170-360t load large electric wheel dump truck, and reached the international advanced level of similar products. (6) coal processing equipment washing clean coal processing technology is the basis for the comprehensive utilization of resources is to improve the thermal efficiency of coal in an effective way to protect the national economy is sustainable development and the need for environmental protection, coal washing and processing industry in the policy support , scientific and technological progress, market driven, investment growth and the promotion of environmental protection requirements, showing a rapid development of the overall progress, to expand the volume of quality, efficiency drop of the good situation of sewage, the proportion of coal into the washing rising. To the end of 2004, there were to wash in and over 30,000 tons of coal preparation plant more than 2,000 seats, the design capacity of 750 million tons more coal into the washing capacity of about 500 million tons. In 2005, national coal washing capacity to 800 million tons will break through into the wash will reach 600 million tons, the proportion of income to wash up to 40%, according to the coal industry plan, by 2010 the rate of coal into the washing up to 50%, the volume of coal into the wash increased to 1.1 billion tons, all of their coking coal washing, coal washing rate to 40%. On this basis, 8000-10000 per year will be added to the 10,000 tons of coal washing, four million tons by the size of washing coal preparation plant per year will add 25 large-scale washing coal preparation plant, together with the existing coal preparation plant to wash technology transformation of coal per year is about to wash about 250 sets of equipment, washing equipment, the development of coal preparation has great potential. In order to meet the requirements of the coal washing process should be developed for single-handling capacity of 1000-2000m3 / h of a new type flotation machine, the main parameters to achieve automatic control. Sieve size of the development of high-reliability 28m3 large linear vibrating screen. Particle size is expected to develop into the 25-400mm, capacity of 300-400T / h high-performance hydraulic machine out of action sieve. Developed sieve basket diameter of 1.4 m, capacity 300T / h horizontal vibration of large-scale centrifuge dewatering and 400m2 efficient coal filter press, treatment capacity 35T / h of settlement, such as centrifugal dewatering machine dewatering equipment and efficient. Research and development and to address the 300-400 million tons / year of coal preparation plant of the large-scale centralized control and intelligent management of technology and equipment, the whole process of coal to achieve the main process parameters, coal ash, moisture, heat, suspension density, feed concentration, flow, swirl inlet pressure, the thickness of jigging machine, loose, the flotation dosage increase, workers rake Thickener overflow of water turbidity, the coal conveyor belt flow indicators, such as online testing, the achievement of Amoy jumping machine, flotation machine, heavy medium cyclone, filter and other major stand-alone automated sorting equipment, coal preparation plant control systems and integrated factory automation control systems. In addition, with the coal industry to develop and promote clean coal technology, coal coking, liquefaction, gasification and other secondary equipment will also be translated into the rapid development of large-scale development of coking equipment, large-scale coal liquefaction containers, potential large-scale coal gasifier in the pipeline. To this end, the mining machinery enterprises should seize the current Chinas industrial restructuring and enterprise reform of the machine, in, under the guidance of national policies to speed up the mining machinery business reorganization, combination, merger, bankruptcy, restructuring and joint-stock reform, the establishment of a mining machinery manufacturing enterprises as the mainstay, the shares of coal production enterprises, research institutes involved in large-scale mining engineering equipment groups, such as China Construction Machinery and equipment Coal Group, Taiyuan Heavy Machinery Group Co., ltd, such as coal, to form a manufacturing and development capabilities and engineering kits the ability and innovative ability of corporate entities. Completion of the enterprise market competitiveness and risk-resisting ability of modern engineering mining enterprise groups, and strive to provide complete sets of equipment to the coal mines and reduce the risk of users for the development of Chinas coal industry make a positive contribution.矿山机械的发展论文据悉我国煤炭行业“十一五”期间将新建煤矿规模3亿吨左右，将对工业结构进行调整，大力整合、改造现有煤矿、关闭小煤矿、淘汰落后的生产能力，加快大型煤炭基地和现代化大型煤矿的建设，这为我国矿山机械企业的发展提供了良好的机遇。一、煤炭在我国能源结构中的重要作用 煤炭是我国的主要能源，是国民经济和社会发展不可缺少的物资基础。我国煤炭资源丰富，煤炭资源分布面积约60多万平方公里，占国土面积的6%。根据第三次全国煤炭资源预测与评价，全国煤炭资源总量5.57万亿吨，煤炭资源潜力巨大，煤炭资源总量居世界第一。已查明资源中精查资源量仅占25%，详查资源仅占17%。探明储量达到10202亿吨。其中可开采储量1891亿吨，占18%，人均占有量仅145吨，低于世界平均水平。 国务院制订的能源中长期发展规划纲要（2004-2020）（草案）指出“要大力调整优化能源结构，坚持以煤炭为主体，电力为中心，油气和新能源全面发展的战略”。鉴于我国“多煤、贫油、少气（天然气）”的特点，在今后一段相当长的时间内，能源结构仍然以煤炭为主，煤炭在一次能源消耗中占70%左右。2004年煤炭占我国一次能源生产的70%以上，在我国能源结构上占主要地位，有举足轻重的作用。 根据我国全面建设小康社会的需求，煤炭消费的趋势将有明显上升。在煤炭消费用户的构成中，电力、冶金、建材、化工4个行业煤炭消费量占煤炭消费总量从1990年的50%提高到2004年的84%，其中电力占51.8%，冶金11.64%，年占27%提高到2004年的51%，将近增长一倍。 二、我国煤炭工业发展现状 进入21世纪，我国煤炭工业快速发展，2000年全国产煤9.9亿吨，2001年产煤11.04亿吨，2002年13.8亿吨，2003年16.67亿吨。2004年全国产煤19.56亿吨，占全国一次性能源生产总量的74.3%，当年煤炭销售量为18.91亿吨，占全国一次性能源消费总量的65%，生产力水平显著提高，产业结构调整取得重大进展。一些企业开始跨地区、跨行业的产业联合，煤、电、化、路、港、航产业链开始形成，形成了一批在国内领先、在国际上具有一定竞争力的大集团，如神华集团、山西焦煤集团、兖州矿业集团等。我国煤炭产量急剧上升，得到了全世界的关注。 煤炭是我国能源安全的基石。煤炭工业是我国重要的基础产业，我国的煤炭产量已是世界第一位，是煤炭生产大国，现在我国煤炭工业已具备了设计、施工、装备及管理千万吨露天煤矿和大中型矿井的能力。现代化综采设备、综掘设备和大型高效露天剥、采、运、支成套设备在大中型煤矿大量使用。同时，我国煤炭开采技术装备总体水平低，煤炭生产技术装备是机械化、部分机械化和手工作业并存的多层次结构。技术和装备水平低。全国煤矿非机械化采煤60%。大中型国有重点煤矿装备水平较先进，但设备老化程度较大；小型矿井生产技术装备水平极低，煤矿生产工艺落后，作业人员过多、效率低。保障煤炭供应是国家加强煤炭工业宏观调控的重点之一，挖掘煤炭生产潜力，加快大型煤炭基地建设，是重要措施。为此，只有大幅提高大中型煤矿产量，才能在保障煤炭稳定供应的前提条件下，遏制小煤矿发展和淘汰小煤矿，完成煤炭生产结构优化调整。1998年12月以来，国家对煤炭产业结构进行了重大调整，关闭了五万多处小煤矿，淘汰了一批落后的生产能力，通过宏观调控，煤炭生产形势好转，供求关系趋于平衡。目前我国煤炭生产企业2.5万多家，其中规模以上的企业约占60%左右，2005年计划关闭2000多家小煤矿。三、我国煤炭工业存在的问题和与国际先进产煤国家的差距 1、 我国煤炭企业规模小、产业集中度低我国煤炭企业的突出特点是，规模小、效率低、安全状况不好，产业集中度低。据煤炭行业统计数据分析，2002年国有重点煤矿占52%，国有地方煤矿占18%，乡镇煤矿占30%。按井型划分，大型矿井占32%，中型矿井占18%，小型矿井（含乡镇煤矿）占48%。2004年，全国约有煤矿2.5万处，95%以上的小煤矿，矿井年产能力不足3万吨的矿井约占40%，煤炭产业的集中度只有15%，远远低于世界主要产煤国家的水平。国际先进的产煤国家，煤炭产业规模集中化，世界排名前10名的大公司，依靠核心竞争力，做强做大，提高了全球煤炭产业的集中化程度。2003年10大煤炭公司的煤炭产量约占全球产量的18.81%，有5家公司的煤炭产量超过1亿吨，其中排名第一的皮博迪公司达到1.83亿吨，力拓公司达到1.43亿吨，美国前4家企业的煤炭产量占本国煤炭总量的46.9%。 2、我国煤炭装备落后，机械化、自动化程度低、缺少大型成套设备. 我国煤矿生产基础薄弱、国有煤矿连续紧张生产的矿井占总数的近50%，矿井主要生产设备严重老化，超期服役的占30-40%，部分乡镇煤矿设备简陋、生产条件差，有的根本没有机械设备，仅为人工开采，不符合有关煤炭法规要求，当前我国资源破坏和浪费严重。部分煤炭企业存在着“采厚弃薄”、“吃肥丢瘦”等浪费资源现象，全国煤矿平均资源回收率为30-35%左右，资源富集地区的小型矿井资源会回收率只有10-15%。据煤炭行业统计数据分析，2002年我国国有重点煤矿采煤机械化程度为77.78%，综合采煤机械化为62.98%，掘进机械化程度为81.15%，综合掘井机械化程度为15.03%，地方国有煤矿机械化程度更低。当前全国采煤机械化程度仅为42%，除国有大中型煤矿采掘机械化程度达到75%之外，大多数煤矿生产技术水平低，装备差、效率低。特别是乡镇煤矿，基本上是非机械化开采。2004年乡镇煤矿产量占我国煤炭总产量的39%。对不适宜用放顶采煤的5.5米以上煤层，要采用一次采全高是最合理有效的采煤方法，但目前国内没有相适应的高产高效的综采成套设备。而国外美国久益（JOY）公司、德国德伯特（DBT）公司和德国艾克夫（Eickhoff）公司，都具有成熟的高煤层一次采全高的高产、高效综采成套设备。神华集团引进的成套设备年产突破1085万吨，工作面长度突破300米，最长的工作面已超过400米，工作面总装机功率已超过5000kw。而国际先进的产煤国家，煤炭生产呈现出大功率重型化、自动化、集约化、按照环保的特点。国外先进的采煤设备向大功率、重型化发展，设备储备系数大、运行可靠性高。DBT（德国德伯特）、JOY（美国久谊）和Eickhoof（德国艾克夫）等采矿设备公司都制造出具有自动化功能的产品。美国联邦2号矿在工作面实现了跟机自动移架。澳大利亚Batana煤矿实现了自动割煤和跟机自动移架。特别是信息技术在煤矿生产中得到广泛应用，先进煤矿广泛采集工作面设备运行参数和环境安全检测信息，在工作面集中显现并通过以太网传输到地面计算机，实现远程运输和故障诊断。运输系统、供电系统和通风系统均无人值守。实行集中远程操作、视频监视，辅助有专人巡视。井巷布置集约化，生产系统和环节少、实 现了生产高度集中。通常是一矿、一井、一面生产。有些先进的长壁工作面每班 只需6人，其中采煤机司机2人，维修工1人，机头集中操作工1人，另外2人替换休 息。高度重视工作环境的改善和人体安全防护。实现计算机监测安全信息，监测 探头遍布整个矿井。液压支架具有跟机自动喷雾和移架自动喷雾功能；采煤机上 方安装导风板，减少煤尘进入人行空间。采煤机运行的下风侧几乎无人作业。 3、煤矿安全生产事故多我国煤矿安全生产方面，重大瓦斯事故多发，煤矿 事故的总死亡人数达到了高峰，2004年我国生产约20亿吨煤，事故死亡约六千人 ，这几年煤炭产量大幅度增长，煤矿百万吨死亡率还是下降的。由1994年的5.59 人下降到2004年3.08人，美国生产约10亿吨煤死27-31人，百万吨死亡率约为 0.039；波兰百万吨死亡率为0.09；南非百万吨死亡率为0.13；俄罗斯百万吨死亡 率为0.34。我国百万吨死亡率是美国的约100倍，俄罗斯的约10倍，印度的约12倍 ，大大超过煤炭先进生产国家。据有关专家讲，矿井安全检测仪表，安全设备均 在设计中作了考虑，多数事故都是矿井管理问题，真正因设备问题而发生事故较 少。先进产煤国家依靠大型、强力综采技术装备已经完成从普通综采机械化向矿 井高效集约化和自动化生产的过渡。高产高效煤矿的建设不仅提高煤炭生产效率 ，实现煤矿集约化生产，并为煤矿生产过程中的安全监测、监控创造条件，从而 有效的预防和控制煤矿安全生产事故。先进产煤国家安全生产上十分重视，不仅有健全的安全生产法规体系，还有严细的生产安全措施，严格的煤矿生产准 入制度，而且实现了计算机监测安全信息，监测探头遍布整个矿井，保证了安全生产。四、煤炭工业发展对矿山机械设备的需求1、我国煤炭工业发展趋势 据煤炭行业发展规划相关内容，“十一五”期间，我国将新建煤矿3亿 吨左右，其中投产2亿吨。国家将在“十一五”期间，对煤炭行业的工业结构进行 调整，大力整合、改造、关闭小煤矿，同时适度加快大型煤炭基地的建设，开工 一批现代化大型煤矿、置换落后的生产能力。“十一五”期间煤炭行业现代 企业制度要进一步得到完善，大型煤炭企业集团基本形成，到2010年要形成5-6个 亿吨级生产能力的特大型企业集团，5-6个5000万吨级生产能力的大型企业，产量 将占全国煤炭总产量的60%左右。通过新建和老矿井技术改造，全国将建成300处 高产高效矿井，高产高效的矿井产量将占全国总产量的50%左右。“十一五” 期间，国家将建设神东、晋北、晋东、蒙东（东北）、云贵、河南、鲁西、晋中 、两淮、黄陇（华亭）、翼中、宁东、陕北等13个大型煤炭基地，这些基地的储 量，占全国储量的70%以上，作为煤炭供应规划和建设的核心。初步预测全国 煤炭需求量：2010年为25-27亿吨、2020年为30-32亿吨，均占能源需求量的60%以 上。据相关部分统计，2004年国有重点煤矿原煤产量9.22亿吨，超过其核定生产 能力50%以上，煤炭生产能力严重不足。经测算，到2020年，新建和在建的国有煤 矿的生产
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