matlab与数字图像处理

MatlabwithDIP教学,TheMATLABImageProcessingToolbox,TheImageProcessingToolboxisacollectionofMATLABfunctions(calledM-functionsorM-files)thatextendthecapabilityoftheMATLABenvironmentforthesolutionofdigitalimageprocessingproblems.,TheMATLABImageProcessingToolbox(cont.),Including:-Spatialimagetransformations-Morphologicaloperations-Neighborhoodandblockoperations-Linearfilteringandfilterdesign-Transforms-Imageanalysisandenhancement-Imageregistration-Deblurring-Regionofinterestoperations,HowdoIknowM-function?,FinditinMatlabHelp.-bycategory.-byalphabeticalorder.Finditonthetextbook.,Matlab内建图像,C:MATLAB7toolboximagesimdemos皆为MatlabHelp中范例的原始图像。使用时只需直接在指令中输入文件名，即可使用。适用于观察影像处理结果,DifferentImageTypes,IndexedimagesIntensity(grayscale)imagesBinaryimagesRGB(true-color)images,Readinganimage,imread()功用:将图像加载并存成array格式备用用法:I,map=imread(filename);I=imread(filename);ex:I=imread(pout.tif);I为指向影像的变量不指定变数，则为ans,Displayinganimage,imshow()功用:开启一个窗口显示影像用法:imshow(I)imshow(I,map)Figure,imshow()功用:开启一个新窗口显示影像用法:figure,imshow(I),Displayinganimage(cont.),imshow(I,low,high)imshow(I,)功用:displaysIasagrayscaleintensityimage,specifyingthedatarangeforI.TheminimumvalueinIisdisplayedasblack,andthemaximumvalueisdisplayedaswhite.,Displayinganimage(cont.),Spatialdomain,Displayinganimage(cont.),pixval:功能:cursoronimagetoshowpixelvalues用法:imshow(I),pixval,Displayinganimage(cont.),colorbar功能:Todisplayanimagewithacolorbarthatindicatestherangeofintensityvalues.用法：imshow(I),colorbarex:I=imread(pout.tif);imshow(I),colorbar,Writinganimage,imwrite()功能:将影像写入成档案用法：imwrite(I,filename,format)ex:imwrite(I,pout.jpg,JPEG);,Imageinformation,Imagesize:size()ex:I=imread(saturn.png);size(I)M,N=size(I)M=影像I的高N=影像I的宽,Imageinformation,whos功用:displayinformationaboutanimage.ex:whosIImfinfo(filename)功用:displayinformationaboutimagefile.ex:info=imfinfo(saturn.png),DigitalImageprocessing,图像二值化g=im2bw(I,T);功用:ConvertintensityimageItobinaryimagegusingthresholdT,whereTmustbeinrange0,1.ex:I=imread(pout.tif);g=im2bw(I,0.4);imshow(g),colorbar,DigitalImageprocessing(cont.),彩色转灰阶Rgb2gray()功用:将RBG彩色影像转换成gray-level影像。ex:I=imread(saturn.png);g=rgb2gray(I);imshow(g),colorbar,DigitalImageprocessing(cont.),反相imcomplement()功用:Thenegativeofanimage.ex:J=imcomplement(g);imshow(J),DigitalImageprocessing(cont.),变更影像大小imresize(I,scale,method);功用:TerpolationMethod:-nearest:Nearest-neighborinterpolation-bilinear:Bilinear(thedefault)-bicubic:Bicubicinterpolation,DigitalImageprocessing(cont.),ex:I=imread(circuit.tif);J=imresize(I,1.25);imshow(I)figure,imshow(J)ex:I=imread(circuit.tif);J=imresize(I,100150,bilinear);imshow(I)figure,imshow(J),DigitalImageprocessing(cont.),旋转影像imrotate(I,angle);功用:Torotateanimage.ex:I=imread(pout.tif);J=imrotate(I,35);imshow(J),MoreExample,Usingaffinetransformation1.Rotation45degreeI=imread(cameraman.tif);T=maketform(affine,cosd(45)-sind(45)0;sind(45)cosd(45)0;001);tformfwd(1020,T);I2=imtransform(I,T);imshow(I2),MoreExample(cont.),2.TranslationI=imread(cameraman.tif);se=translate(strel(1),2525);J=imdilate(I,se);imshow(I),title(Original)figure,imshow(J),title(Translated);,MoreExample(cont.),3.shearI=imread(cameraman.tif);T=maketform(affine,100;120;001);tformfwd(1020,T);I2=imtransform(I,T);imshow(I2),MoreExample(cont.),Edgedetectors1.SobeledgedetectorCode:/BothhorizontalandverticalI=imread(cameraman.tif);BW2=edge(I,sobel,0.02,both);figure,imshow(BW2),MoreExample(cont.),2.theCannymethodlowthreshold:0.04,highthreshold:0.10,sigmais1Code:I=imread(cameraman.tif);BW4=edge(I,canny,0.040.10,1);figure,imshow(BW4),MoreExample(cont.),Canny以C语言来实作会困难很多!,MoreExample(cont.),Filter(meanfilter)Code:I=imread(coins.png);h=ones(5,5)/25;I2=imfilter(I,h);imshow(I),title(OriginalImage);figure,imshow(I2),title(FilteredImage),MoreExample(cont.),Filter(unsharpmaskingfilter)Code:I=imread(cameraman.tif);h=fspecial(unsharp);I2=imfilter(I,h);imshow(I),title(OriginalImage)figure,imshow(I2),title(FilteredImage),M-function不够用怎么办?,自己写。在网络上寻找高手的package。当找到新的M-files时，需帮它设定路径，才可以像一般内建function直接使用。,Setpath,Setpath(cont.),MATLABCompiler,MATLABCompiler能让您将MATLAB程序转换为可单独执行的应用程序和软件组件，并分享给其它使用者。MATLABCompiler可免除您经由手动编写方式将MATLAB程序代码转译为C或C+的程序。要再安装MATLABComponentRun-time(MCR)组件等。,MATLABCompiler(cont.),CtoMatlab设定了合适的编译器，matlab会自动帮我们编译这个程序。Example:helloworld指令：-编译:mexfilenameex:mexhello.c-执行:filenameex:hello,MATLABCompiler(cont.),hello.c#include#includemex.hvoidmexFunction(intnlhs,mxArray*plhs,intnrhs,constmxArray*prhs)printf(Hello,world.);mex.h定义了所有Matlab和C沟通所用到的subroutine。mexFunction是程序的进入点，等价于ANSIC的main。,參考書籍,DigitalImageProcessingUsingMATLABbyRafaelC.Gonzalez,RichardE.WoodsStevenL.Eddins,3个Projects,电能表读数识别人脸检测印刷线路板缺陷检测,电能表读数识别,对字轮进行精确定位与识别；对条码进行精确定位与识别,MatlabPackage,模式识别包：PRTools：/SPRTool:/wardlab/index_files/SPRTool.htmOCRMatlab例子：,人脸检测,OpenCV库：,印刷线路板缺陷检测,利用机器视觉、图像处理等技术，对印刷线路板上的诸如短路、断路、线距过窄过宽等各种缺陷进行自动检测。,类比,数位化,Binary,图像获取,CCD,类比,EIC,类比转数位资料线路A/D,数位化(Graylevel),图象处理卡,数位转换二进位资料线路,二进位图象(0或1),(Pixels):,铜箔,基材,CurrentScanline,检测缺点方式:,设计规范(DRC)检查,标准母板(REF)比较法,1.GoldenBoard:以量产板择一当作标准板,记录板上所有Feature位置,检测时与其它电路板比对藉以发现短断路之缺点.,优点:Fea