自学考试-英语阅读

英语学习方法,语法运用（听说读写）词汇,英语阅读,精读intensivereading阅读泛读extensivereading,精读：主旨大意褒贬剖析段落结构修辞手法句子词汇复述背诵泛读：快速大量宏微兼顾,泛读的不正确方法,1.回读2.指读3.默读4.翻译,纠正小窍门,1.避免回读阅读时，要选择难度适中的文章。生词量要掌握在5%-8%左右。考试时，如果文章读了一半还不知所云，可以暂时放弃。如果时平时练习，可以先把关键的生词查出来，然后再做题。然后整理单词并加以记忆，过段时间可以重做该阅读。,纠正小窍门,阅读时，一定要集中精神，绝对不可以走神。平时练习，要选择精力充沛、神清气爽的时候。可以逐步的延长集中精神阅读的时间。一定要养成边读边思考、边总结的习惯。这样读下来思路清晰，让人信心倍增。,纠正小窍门,避免翻译阅读时形成英语对英语的阅读思维和习惯。只要是句子的大意读懂了，不要给自己翻译成通顺汉语的时间，强迫自己接着往下读。久而久之，边读边翻译的习惯自然消失。,泛读的正确方法,1.跳读（skimming）2.浏览（scanning）,跳读（skimming）,跳读主要运用于：总的前提已经明确的情况下，迅速掌握该前提涉及的几个方面或者核心内容，而对各个方面涉及到的细节不予关注。,跳读（skimming）示例,RulesfortheUniversityEntranceExaminationYoumustbeattheexaminationcentertenminutesbeforetheexaminationstarts.Ifyouaremorethantenminuteslate,youmaynotentertheexaminationcenter.Theexaminationtakesplaceatthesametimeindifferentstates.Youmusthaveproofofyournameandgradeaswellasofficialexaminationnumber.Showthesewhenyoucometotheexaminationcenter.,跳读（skimming）示例,Dependingonwhichexaminationyouaretaking,youmaybringcertainitemsintotheexaminationcenter.Mathematicsexaminationsmayallowyoutouseelectroniccalculators(计算器).Othersubjectsmayallowyoutousedictionariesandotherreferencematerial.Pleasereadthenotessentwithyourtimetablecarefully.Youmustbringyourownpencils.Nonewillbeprovidedforyou.Thefollowingitemsarenotallowedintheexaminationcenter:walkmansandradios,headsets,anyfoodordrink,schoolbags,electronicequipment(unlessspecificallypermittedforvarioussubjects),andmobilephones.,Onceinthecenter,youmustsitatthedeskwithyourexaminationnumberonit.Whenyousitdown,placeyourexaminationnumberatthetopcornerofyourdesk.Youmustremainsilentduringtheexamination.Youmustnotdisturbotherpeoplewhoaretakingthetest.Ifyouneedadrinkortoiletbreak,youshouldraiseyourhandandwaitforthesupervisor(监督者)tospeaktoyou.Youwillbegivenwaterorthesupervisorwilltakeyoutothebathroom.Youarenotallowedtotalkwithanyoneduringthebreak.,Youmustwriteyouranswersintheofficialanswersheet.Yoursupervisorwillprovideextrapaperifyouwishtomakenotes.Youmayleavetheexaminationroomatanytimeifyoudonotplantoreturn.Ifyoufinishearlyandwanttoleave,pleasemovewellawayfromtheexaminationcenter.Thesupervisorwillwarnyoufifteenminutes,fiveminutesandoneminutebeforetheendoftheexamination.Whenthesupervisorsaysthatthetimeisup,youmustputdownyourpencilandwaitatyourdeskuntilyourpaperiscollected.,浏览（scanning）,浏览就是在掌握大意的前提下，迅速的阅读细节。或者反过来，迅速的阅读细节后，掌握大意。,浏览阅读示例,Howmenfirstlearnedtoinventwordsisunknown,inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknowisthatmen,unlikeanimals,somehowinventedcertainsoundstoexpressthoughtsandfeelings,actionsandthings,sothattheycouldcommunicatewitheachother;andthatlatertheyagreeduponcertainsigns,calledletters,whichcouldbecombinedtorepresentthosesoundsandwhichcouldbewrittendown.Thosesounds,whetherspoken,orwritteninletters,wecallwords.,浏览阅读示例,Thepowerofwords,then,liesintheirassociation-thethingtheybringupbeforeourminds.Wordsbecomefilledwithmeaningforusbyexperience;andthelongerwelive,themorecertainwordsrecalltousthegladandthesadeventsofourpast;andthemorewereadandlearn,themorethenumberofwordsthatmeansomethingtousincrease.,浏览阅读示例,Greatwritersarethosewhonotonlyhavegreatthoughtsbutalsoexpressthesethoughtsinwordswhichappealpowerfullytoourmindsandemotions.Thischarmingandtellinguseofwordsiswhatwecallliterarystyle.Aboveall,therealpoetisamasterofwords.Hecanconvey（表达，传递）hismeaninginwordswhichsinglikemusic,andwhichbytheirpositionandassociationcanmovementotears.Weshould,therefore,learntochooseourwordscarefullyandusethemaccurately,ortheymakeourspeechsillyandvulgar.（粗俗的）,浏览阅读示例,Howmenfirstlearnedtoinventwordsisunknown,inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknowisthatmen,unlikeanimals,somehowinventedcertainsoundstoexpressthoughtsandfeelings,actionsandthings,sothattheycouldcommunicatewitheachother;andthatlatertheyagreeduponcertainsigns,calledletters,whichcouldbecombinedtorepresentthosesoundsandwhichcouldbewrittendown.Thosesounds,whetherspoken,orwritteninletters,wecallwords.,浏览阅读示例,Thepowerofwords,then,liesintheirassociation-thethingtheybringupbeforeourminds.Wordsbecomefilledwithmeaningforusbyexperience;andthelongerwelive,themorecertainwordsrecalltousthegladandthesadeventsofourpast;andthemorewereadandlearn,themorethenumberofwordsthatmeansomethingtousincrease.,浏览阅读示例,Greatwritersarethosewhonotonlyhavegreatthoughtsbutalsoexpressthesethoughtsinwordswhichappealpowerfullytoourmindsandemotions.Thischarmingandtellinguseofwordsiswhatwecallliterarystyle.Aboveall,therealpoetisamasterofwords.Hecanconvey（表达，传递）hismeaninginwordswhichsinglikemusic,andwhichbytheirpositionandassociationcanmovementotears.Weshould,therefore,learntochooseourwordscarefullyandusethemaccurately,ortheymakeourspeechsillyandvulgar.（粗俗的）,阅读方法指导,阅读的终极目的：1.主旨大意2.段落结构3.写作手法4.细节体会,阅读方法指导,擅长利用主题句Televisionwasnotinventedbyanyoneperson.Nordiditspringintobeingovernight.Itevolvedgradually,overalongperiod,fromtheideasofmanypeople-eachonebuildingontheworkoftheirpredecessors（n.前任，前辈）.Theprocessbeganin1873,whenitwasaccidentallydiscoveredthattheelectricalresistanceoftheelementselenium（n.硒）variedinproportiontotheintensityofthelightshiningonit.Scientistsquicklyrecognizedthatthisprovidedawayoftransforminglightvariationsintoelectricalsignals.Almostimmediatelyanumberofschemeswereproposedforsendingpicturesbywire(itwas,ofcourse,beforeradio).,阅读方法指导,Oneoftheearliestoftheseschemeswaspatternedonthehumaneye.SuggestedbyG.R.Careyin1875,itenvisioned（vt.想像，预见，展望）amosaicofseleniumcellsonwhichthepicturetobetransmittedwouldbefocusedbyalenssystem.Atthereceivingendtherewouldbeasimilarlyarrangedmosaicmadeupofelectriclights.Eachseleniumcellwouldbeconnectedbyanindividualwiretothesimilarlyplacedlightinthereceivingmosaic.Lightfallingontheseleniumcellwouldreproducetheoriginalpicture.Hadthenecessaryamplifiersandtherightkindoflightbeenavailable,thissystemwouldhaveworked.,阅读方法指导,Butitalsowouldhaverequiredanimpracticalnumberofconnectingwires.Careyrecognizedthisandinasecondproposedto“scan”thecells-transmittingthesignalfromeachcelltoitsassociatedlight,inturn,overasinglewire.Ifthisweredonefastenough,theretentivepoweroftheeyewouldcausetheresultant(adj.因而发生的，结果必然产生的)imagetobeseenasacompletepicture.,阅读方法指导,41.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TelevisionintheElectronicEraB.FirstStepsintheInventionofTelevisionC.TheArtofTelevisionD.HarmfulEffectsofTelevisionViewing42.Inline1,theword“being”couldbestbereplacedby_.A.placeB.creatureC.subsistence(n.存活，生存；生计，维生之道)D.existence,阅读方法指导,43.Animportantdiscoveryinearlytheelectricalresistanceof_.A.mosaicsB.thehumaneyeC.lensesD.theelementselenium44.In1875,Careysuggestedthatthehumaneyeenvisionedamosaicofseleniumcellsonwhichthepicturetobetransmittedwouldbefocusedby_.A.wireB.electriclightsC.alenssystemD.amplifiers,阅读方法指导,45.Followingarethereasonswhythefirstschemefortelevisionwasabandonedexcept_.A.helacksaneffectiveassistantB.thenecessaryampliferswereunavailableC.theproperlightswereunavailableD.thenumberofconnectingwiresisimpractical,相关练习,Thegreatestrecentsocialchangeshavebeeninthelivesofwomen.Duringthetwentiethcenturytherehasbeenaremarkableshorteningoftheproportionofawomanslifespentincaringforchildren.Attheendofthenineteenthcenturyshewouldprobablyhavebeeninhermiddletwenties,andwouldbelikelytohavesevenoreightchildren,ofwhomfourorfivelivedtilltheywerefiveyearsold.,相关练习,Bythetimetheyoungestwasfifteen,themotherwouldhavebeeninherearlyfiftiesandwouldexpecttoliveafurthertwentyyears,duringwhichcustom,opportunityandhealthmadeitunusualforhertogetpaidwork.,相关练习,Todaywomenmarryyoungerandhavefewerchildren.Usuallyawomansyoungestchildwillbefifteenwhensheisforty-fiveyearsandislikelytotakepaidworkuntilretirementatsixty.Evenwhileshehasthecareofchildren,herworkislightenedbyhouseholdappliancesandconveniencefoods.,相关练习,Thisimportantchangeinwomenslife-patternhasonlyrecentlybeguntohaveitsfulleffectonwomenseconomicposition.Evenafewyearsagomostgirlsleftschoolatthefirstopportunity,andmostofthemtookafull-timejob.Howeverwhentheymarried,theyusuallyleftworkatonceandneverreturnedtoit.Todaytheschool-leavingageissixteen,manygirlsstayatschoolafterthatage,andthoughwomentendtomarryyounger,moremarriedwomenstayatworkatleastuntilshortlybeforetheirfirstchildisborn.,相关练习,Verymanymoreafterwardsreturntofull-orpart-timework.Suchchangeshaveledtoanewrelationshipinmarriage,withthehusbandacceptingagreatershareofthedutiesandsatisfactionsoffamilylifeandwithbothhusbandandwifesharingmoreequallyinprovidingthemoney,andrunningthehome,accordingtotheabilitiesandinterestsofeachofthem.,相关练习,36.Itsprobablynowthatwomen_.A.marrymenyoungerthanthemselvesB.donotdohouseworkC.donotwanttogivebirthtochildrenD.providethemoneytothefamilylikeherhusband37.Forwomenatthetwentiethcentury,theamountoftimecaringforchildren_.A.wasshorterthaninpreviouscenturiesB.waslongerthaninpreviouscenturiesC.wasconsideredtobesurprisinglylongD.accountedforagreatpartoftheirlives,相关练习,38.Wearetoldthat,inanaveragefamilyabout1900_.A.manychildrendiedbeforetheywerefiveB.sevenoreightchildrenlivedtobemorethanfiveC.theyoungestchildwouldbefifteenD.fouroffivechildrendiedwhentheywerefive39Whenshewasoverfifty,thelatenineteenthcenturymother_.A.wasunlikelytofindajobevenifshewantedoneB.wouldnotexpecttoworkC.wasveryhealthyandbeautifulD.wasconsideredtohavearestathome,相关练习,40.Onereasonwhythewomanoftodaymaytakeajobisthatshe_.A.isyoungerwhenherchildrenarestillyoungB.doesnotlikecaringforchildrenC.neednotworryaboutfoodforherchildrenD.isyoungerwhenherchildrenareoldenoughtolookafterthemselves,阅读方法指导,边读边思考、总结Animation(n.生气，活泼；动画片制作，动画片摄制；影视动画片)meansmakingthingswhicharelifelesscomealiveandmove.Fromearlisttimes,peoplehavealwaysbeenfacinatedbymovement,butnotuntilthiscenturyhavewemanagedtocapturemovement,torecordit,andinthecaseofanimation,toreinterpretitandrecreateit.Todoallthis,weuseamoviecameraandaprojector(n.放映机，幻灯机；投影仪；设计者；放映技师).,阅读方法指导,Intheworldofcartoonanimation,nothingisimpossible.Youcanmakethecharactersyoucreatedoexactlywhatyouwantthem.AfamousearlycartooncharacterwasFelixtheCat,createdbyPatSullivaninAmericaintheearlynineteenthtwenties.Fedixwasamarvellous(adj.不可思议的；惊奇的；极好的；绝妙的)cat.Hecoulddoallsortsofthingsnonaturalcatcoulddoliketakingoffhistail,usingitasahandleandthenputtingitback.,阅读方法指导,MostofthegreatearlyanimatiorslivedandworkedinAmerica,thehomeofthemovingpictureindustry.ThefamousWaltDianeycartooncharacterscametolifeafter1928.PopeyetheSailormanandhisgirlfriendOliveOylwerebornattheMaxFleischerstudiosin1933.,阅读方法指导,Buttobeananimator,youdonthavetobaaprofessional.Itispossibleforanyonetomakeasimpleanimatedfilmwithoutusingacameraatall.Allyouhavetodoisdrawdirectlyonablankfilmandthenrunaprojector.,阅读方法指导,31.Whatsthemaintopicofthepassage?A.Americanhistory.B.Cartoonmaking.C.Movement.D.Cartooncharacter.32.FelixtheCatcandomanythingstoitstailexcept_.A.takingitoffB.puttingitbackC.eatingitupD.usingitasahandle,阅读方法指导,33.Accordingtothepassage,Felixthecat_.A.wascreatedbytheAmerican.B.wascreatedintheUnitedStatesinthenineteenthcentury.C.wasdesignedbyPatSullivanintheearlytwentiethcentury.D.wasunabletodowhatnaturalcatscouldnotdo,阅读方法指导,34.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_.A.onlyprofessionalcancreatecartooncharactersB.WaltDisneycartooncharacterswerebornearlierthanPatSullivansC.animationmeansmakingthingslifelessD.thecartoonindustrystartedintheUnitedStates,阅读方法指导,35.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheauthorsattitudetowardscartoonmaking?A.Itsinterestingbuthardtodo.B.Weneedprofessionaltoinstructus.C.Ittakesalotoftimetodrawonablankfilm.D.Itsaneasyjob.Everyonecandoit.,阅读综合练习,Thefoodweeatseemstohaveprofoundeffectsonourhealth.Althoughsciencehasmadeenormousstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofallhumanillnessesarerelatedtodietandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtothedietaswell,especiallycancerofthecolon.,阅读综合练习,Differentculturesaremorelikelytocausecertaindifferentillnessesbecauseofthefoodthatischaracteristicinthesecultures.Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessisnotanewdiscovery.In1945,governmentresearchersrealizedthatnitrates,commonlyusedtopreservecolorinmeats,andotherfoodadditivies,causedcancer.,阅读综合练习,Yet,thesecarcinogenicadditivesremaininourfood,anditbecomesmoredifficultallthetimetoknowwhichthingsonthepackaginglabelsofprocessedfoodarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillintobeefandlivinganimals,and