国际商务沟通英文PPT

Chapter4CulturalShock,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,2,Topics,StagesofCulturalShockAlleviatingCulturalShockAspectsofCulturalShockRelationshipsandFamilyConsiderationsPublicandPrivateSelf,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,3,Culturalshockisthetraumayouexperiencewhenyoumoveintoaculturedifferentfromyourhomeculturefrustrationsmayinclude-lackoffood-unacceptablestandardsofcleanlinessdifferentbathroomfacilitiesfearforpersonalsafety,Topics,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,4,Cultureshockincludes-hearingyesforno-havingtobargain-havinglaughterusedforanger,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,5,OnherfirstdayofteachingatthelocaluniversityinLaPaz,Bolivia,KatherineMontagueofAtlanta,Georgia,askeddirectionstotheladiesroom.Uponentering,sheobservedthreemalesusingurinalsandmadeahastyretreat.AfterherU.S.colleaguesexplainedthatallrestroomswereunisex,Katherinedecidedtotakeataxitoherhotel.,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,6,MajorSymptomsofCulturalShock,HomesicknessBoredomWithdrawal(avoidingcontactwithhostnationals)NeedforexcessiveamountsofsleepCompulsiveeating/drinkingIrritabilityExaggeratedcleanliness,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,7,MaritalstressFamilytensionandconflictChauvinisticexcessesStereotypingofhostnationalsHostilitytowardhostnationalsLossofabilitytoworkeffectivelyUnexplainablefitsofweepingPhysicalailments(psychosomaticillnesses),2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,8,AsiaShockhasfiveprogressivestages:,Frustrationwiththeculture,whichincludesthelanguage,food,andanexasperationwithlocalcustoms.Unwillingnesstounderstandtherationalebehindthelocalwaysofdoingthings.Ethnocentricity;U.S.personslabelAsiansasdishonestbecausetheysayonethinganddoanother;considerface-savingasdishonest.RacismuseofunflatteringlabelsforAsians(Japs).Avoidanceoftheculture;U.S.personsformclubsratherthaninterminglewithpeopleoftheculture.,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,9,StrategiesforCopingwithaNewCultureDuringShortVisits,Nonacceptanceofthehostculture;travelerbehavesashe/shewouldinthehomeculture.Substitution-Thetravelerlearnstheappropriateresponses/behaviorsinthehostcultureandsubstitutestheseresponses/behaviorsfortheonesordinarilyusedinthehomeculture.,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,10,Addition-Thepersonaddsthebehaviorofthehostculturewheninthepresenceofnationalsbutmaintainsthehomeculturebehaviorwithothersofthesameculture.Synthesis-Integratesorcombineselementsofthetwocultures,suchascombiningU.S.dressandthatofthePhilippines.,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,11,Resynthesis-Theintegrationofideasnotfoundineitherculture(U.S.travelertoChinachoosestoeatneitherAmericannorChinesefood,butprefersItalian).,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,12,StagesofCulturalShock,Stage1:Excitementandfascinationwiththenewculture;thehoneymoonstage.Stage2:Crisisordisenchantmentperiod;excitementhasturnedtodisappointment.Stage3:Adjustmentphase;youbegintoacceptthenewculture,trynewfoods,seethehumorinsituations.Stage4:Acceptanceoradaptationphase;feelathomeinthenewcultureandbecomeinvolvedinactivitiesoftheculture.Stage5:Reentryshock;followsthestagesidentifiedearlier:initialeuphoria,crisisordisenchantment,adjustment,andadaptation.,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,13,U-Curve,Honeymoon,Crisis,Adjustment,Acceptance,Reentry,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,14,W-Curve,TheoryofculturalshockthatexplainsthatreentryactuallytakestheformofasecondU-curve(thusforminga“W”)witharepetitionofthestagesexperiencedduringinitialadjustmenttotheforeignculture.,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,15,ProblemsRelatedtoReentryShock,Findinganewnicheinthecorporatestructureathome.Adjustingtolowerstandardsofliving.Problemsreestablishingpersonalandprofessionalrelationships.Dealingwithreadjustmentproblemsofchildren,includingthedifferenceintheireducationalexperienceabroad.,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,16,Repatriation,ReturneeexpectationsrealisticpositionsReturneefeelingsofalienationandisolationcancausetraumaReturneecanfeelculturaldissonancecausedbypersonnelchangesnewcompanypoliciesandproceduresdifferentperformancevaluationmethodsdifferentbenefitsandcompensationdifferentjobresponsibilities,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,17,ReplacetheGoldenRule(Dountoothersasyouwouldhavethemdountoyou)withThePlatinumRule(Dountoothersastheywouldhavedoneuntothem).,Toalleviateculturalshock,trytoseetheenvironmentfromtheperspectiveofthehostnationals.,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,18,AlleviatingCulturalShockbyCarefulSelectionofOverseasPersonnel,Sensitive,cooperative,abletocompromiseOpentoothersopinionsReactiontonewsituations;appreciationofculturaldifferencesUnderstandingofownvaluesandaware-nessofvaluesinotherculturesReactiontocriticismUnderstandingofU.S.governmentsystemAbilitytodevelopcontactsinnewculturePatienceandresiliency,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,19,TrainingModels,Intellectualorclassroommodel-involvesgivingfactsaboutthehostcountryusingavarietyofinstructionalmethodsAreatrainingorsimulationmodel-emphasizesaffectivegoals,culturespecificcontent,andexperientialprocessesSelf-awarenessorhumanrelationsmodel-basedontheassumptionthatthetraineewithself-understandingwillbemoreeffectiveintheoverseasassignment,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,20,Culturalawarenessmodel-emphasizesculturalinsightandstressesaffectivegoalsandanexperientialprocessInteractionapproach-participantsinteractwithpeopleinthehostcountryMultidimensionalapproach-attemptstocombinecognitive,affective,andbehavioralaspectsoftraining,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,21,FeedbackandRewards,Appraisalandrewardsystemmustreflectthepurposeandexpectationsoftheassignment(profitorbuildingapresenceinthecountry).Rewardsystemsincludespecialallowancesforhousing,hardship,homeleave,medical,taxes,etc.RewardsystemmustcompensateforwhatU.S.personsareleavingbehindandmustbebasedontheideaofequity(theratiobetweenwhatiscontributedandwhatisreceived).,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,22,DevelopingEmployeestoTheirPotential,Planforrepatriation,includingreasonsfortheassignmentandhowtheemployeewillcontributetothecompanyuponhis/herreturn.Allowadequatetimeforreadjustmentbeforeemployeereportstowork.Provideappropriatecompensationfortransitionexpenses.Assistinlocatingproperhousing.Showappreciationtofamilyfortheircontributions.,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,23,SuccessorFailureDueTo:,Self-efficacyPriorinternationalexperienceAgeCross-culturalfluencyInterpersonalskillsFlexibilityCulturalsensitivityAdaptability,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,24,AspectsofCulturalShock,CulturalStress-alleviatestressbyreadinguponthecountry,studyingthelanguage,andbecomingawareofcustomsandtraditionsintheculture.SocialAlienation-cultivatefriendshipswithpersonsfromhomeandhostcultures;includehostnationalsinsocialevents.,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,25,SocialClassandPoverty-WealthExtremes-mentorsinhostculturecanbehelpfulinadvisingU.S.personsregardingacceptablewaysofdealingwithpoverty-wealthextremes.FinancialInformation-shouldbeprovidedbeforegoingtotheculture;alsofinancialcounselingbeforereentry.,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,26,RelationshipsandFamilyConsiderations,SpouseorfamilymemberwhocannotadaptFamilytrainingtominimizeadjustmentsEncouragechildrentodiscusstheiranxietiesandfears,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,27,TheJohariWindow,Thepublicselfmayincludeinformationaboutapersonswork,family,andinterests.ThepublicselfissmallfortheJapanese;itislargeforU.S.persons.Theprivateselfmayincludefeelings,personalinformation,andopinions.TheprivateselfislargefortheJapanese;itissmallforU.S.persons.,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,28,PublicandPrivateSelfTheJohariWindow,ThingsIKnowThingsIDontKnowThingsOthersKnowThingsOthersDontKnow,2011PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasPrenticeHall,29,Oneofthebyproductsofasuccessfuladjustmenttothehostcultureisthatouroldnotionsofourculturewillneveragainbethesame.AfteronelivesforawhileinSwitzerlandorGermany,theU.S.nolongerseemstobetheepitomeofcleanliness;wh