高考英语阅读理解技巧-细节事实题

,StrategiesforQuestionsOfDetails,阅读理解细节题,Letsspotthedifferences,推理判断题,猜测词义题,阅读四大题型,细节理解题,主旨大意题,ConfuciussuggestedtheGoldenRuleasaprinciplefortheconductoflife:”Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnotwantotherstodotoyou.”Heassumedthatallmenwereequalatbirth,thoughsomebadmorepotentialthanothers,andthatitwasknowledgethatsetmenapart.,66.WhatmadesomepeopledifferentfromothersaccordingtoConfucius?Family.B.PotentialC.KnowledgeD.Community.,Notlongago.Mywife,PJ,andItriedanewdietnottolosealittleweightbuttoansweranannoyingquestionaboutclimatechange.,原因,72.Whydidtheauthorandhiswifetryanewdiet?A.TotakespecialkindsoffoodB.Torespondtoclimatechange.C.ToloseweightD.Toimprovetheirhealth,_,_,同义词,In1988,TanniwenttoherfirstParalympicGamesinSeoul.Shewonbronzeinthe400metres.Evengreatersuccessfollowedatthe1992BarcelonaParalympics.Tanniwongoldmedalsinthe100,200,400and800metresrelay,settingtwoworldrecordsintheprocess.,时间,57.WhendidTanniwinherfirstOlympicgoldmedal?A.In1984.B.In1988.C.In1992.D.In2007,事实细节题考查的六大信息,事实细节题干常用when,where,who,why,what和how等提问或要求用此类信息补全句子，考查对应的六大信息内容，即_、_、_、_、_和_。,时间地点人物原因事件方式,summary,细节型试题常见提问形式,*Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,what,which,howmany,howoften),*Whichofthestatementistrue?三误一正,*Whichofthestatementisnottrue?三正一误,*Whichofthestatementisnotmentionedinthepassage?三正一误,*Inthepassagethewriterstatesthat,*Whatistherightorderoftheevent?,(NewYork)AFrenchtouristhighlypraisedforrescuingatwo-year-oldgirlinManhattansaidhedidntthinktwicebeforedivingintothefreezingEastRiver.TuesdaysDailyNewssaid29-year-oldJulienDuretfromFranceisthemanwholeftthespotquicklyaftertherescuelastSunday.HeliftedthelittlegirloutofwateraftershefelloffthebankattheSouthStreetSeaportmuseum.Hehandedthegirltoherfather,DavidAnderson,whohaddivedinafterhim.,Readingmaterial1,Q:WhodivedafterDuretintotherivertosavethelittlegirl?A.DavidAndersonB.Apasser-byC.HisgirlfriendD.Ataxidriver,题干是问谁在Duret之后跳进河里救人，可以以dive为线索找到原文的Hehandedthegirltoherfather，DavidAnderson，whohaddivedinafterhim，故可知答案是DavidAnderson。,1wh-细节题,Readingmaterial2Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.,QWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.C.Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.,以偏概全,三正一误,2是非题,Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.,Readingmaterial3Thehumanbodyisalivingmachine,andlikeallmachines,itneedsfueltosupplyitwithenergy.Thatisthefoodweeat.Buthowmuchdoweneedtostayhealthy?Theenergyvalueoffoodisusuallymeasuredincalories.Acalorieistheamountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureof1kgofwaterby1.Thenumberofcaloriespeopleneedperdayisdifferent,asthechartshows,Q1)_caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35to90.A.55B.175C.325D.275,Q2)WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothechartabove?A.Achildaged8requiresmorethan3timestheamountofcaloriesthatababydoes.B.Aboyaged16requiresnearlytwicetheamountofcaloriesthataboyaged8does.C.Anofficeworkerrequiresthesameamountofcaloriesperdayasawomanfeedingababydoes.D.Afarmerrequiresnearly1.5timestheamountofcaloriesthatanofficeworkerdoes.,【解析】答案为D。根据文章细节内容，计算公式为：(90-35)51=275,3计算题,根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D四个答案的内容是否正确。很容易找出C符合图表内容。,4图表题,Backinthefifteenthcentury,inatinyvillagenearNuremberg,livedafamilywitheighteenchildrenInspiteofthehopelesscondition,twoofthechildren,AlbrechtDurerandAlbert,hadadreamTheybothwantedtopursuetheirtalentforartAftermanylongdiscussions,thetwoboysfinallyworkedoutanagreementTheywouldtossacoinTheloserwouldgodownintothenearbyminesand,withhisearnings,supporthisbrotherwhoattendedtheacademyThen,whenthatbrotherwhowonthetosscompletedhisstudies,infouryears,hewouldsupporttheotherbrotherattheacademyTossingacoin,AlbrechtDurerwonandwentofftoNurembergAlbertwentdownintothedangerousminesand,forthenextfouryears,supportedhisbrother,whoseworkattheacademywasalmostanimmediatesensation（轰动）Bythetimehegraduated,hehadearnedconsiderablefeesforhisoutstandingworksWhentheyoungartistreturnedtohisvillage,theDurerfamilyheldafestivedinnertocelebrateAlbrechtstriumphant（胜利的）homecomingAlbrechtdrankatoasttohisbelovedbrotherfortheyearsofsacrificethathadenabledhimtocompletehisdream“Andnow,Albert,blessedbrotherofmine,nowitisyourturnNowyoucangotoNurembergtolookforyourdream,andIwilltakecareofyou”ToshowthankstoAlbertforallthathehadsacrificed,AlbrechtDurerpainstakinglydrewhisbrothersinjuredhandswithpalmstogetherandthinfingersstretchedskywardHecalledhispowerfuldrawingsimply“Hands”,buttheentireworldalmostimmediatelyopenedtheirheartstohisgreatmasterpieceandrenamedit“ThePrayingHands”,Readingmaterial4,Q1Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofthestory？aAlbrechtwentofftoNurembergbAlbertsupportedhisbrothercTheDurerfamilyheldafestivedinnerdAlbrechtdrewhisbrothersinjuredhandseThebrotherstossedacoinAb,a,c,d,eBa,e,c,d,bCe,a,c,b,dDe,a,b,c,d,_,解题思路：首尾定位法先找出最早和最后的一个时间和事件，把它作为事件发生的具体点，然后使用排除法将范围一一缩小，从而快速地选出正确答案,5排序题,_,细节题类型,1wh细节题,2是非题,3计算题,4图表题,5排序题,6其它题,summary,有时命题者故弄玄虚，在选项中加些夸大其词的说法，把“大约”说成“绝对，肯定”(要留意选项中诸如all,absolutely,only,never,completely,definitely等词)，把抽象说成具体，或者把人名、地名、时间等张冠李戴，误串起来，从而构成形是实非的干扰项。,注意“陷阱”：,Finally,acellphoneThats.aphoneWithratesaslowas$3.75perweek!“Well,Ifinallydidit.Ifinallydecidedtoenterthedigitalageandgetacellphone.Mykidshavebeenannoyingmeandthelaststrawwaswhenmycarbrokedown，andIwasstuckbythehighwayforanhourbeforesomeonestoppedtohelp.ButwhenIwenttothecellphonestore,Ialmostchangedmymind.Thephonesallhavecameras,computersandaglobal-positioningsomethingorotherthatssupposedtospotmefromspace.Goodness,allIwanttodoistobeabletotalktomygrandkids!Thepeopleatthestorewerentmuchhelp.Theycouldntunderstandwhysomeonewouldntwantaphonethesizeofapostagestamp.Andtherateplans!Theywereconfusing,andexpensive.andthecontract(合同）lastedfortwoyears!IdalmostgivenupuntilafriendtoldmeabouthernewJitterbugphone.Now,Ihavetheconvenienceandsafetyofbeingabouttostayintouch-withaphoneIcanactuallyuse.”AffordableplansthatIcanunderstand一andnocontracttosign(签订)!Callnowandreceiveafreegiftwhenyouorder.TryJitterbugfor30daysandifyoudontloveit,justreturnit!Whywait,theJitterbugcomesreadytouserightoutofthebox.IfyouarentashappywithitasIam,youcanreturnitandgetyourmoneyback.Callnow,theJitterbugproductexpertsarereadytoansweryourquestions.Call1-888-809-.,Passage5,63.Whatmade“I”finallythinkofgettingacellphone?64.Onthemonthlybasisof100minutes,theJitterbugweeklyrateisabout_.65.AnadvantageofJitterbugmentionedinthepassageis_.,事件,计算,细节事实,63.Whatmade“I”finallythinkofgettingacellphone?A.Beingstuckbythehighway.B.Beingurgedbyhisgrandkids.C.Beingpersuadedbycellphonesalespersons.D.Beingattractedbythefriendlyreturnpolicy.,Mykidshavebeenannoyingmeandthelaststrawwaswhenmycarbrokedown，andIwasstuckbythehighwayforanhourbeforesomeonestoppedtohelp.,答非所问,偷换概念,答非所问,64.Onthemonthlybasisof100minutes,theJitterbugweeklyrateisabout_.A.$3.75B.$4.99C.$14.99D.$19.99,19.994,65.AnadvantageofJitterbugmentionedinthepassageis_.A.itsdiscountpricewithafreegiftB.itsreasonablerateplanswithoutacontractC.its“global-positioning”systemwith911accessD.itsgoodcustomerserviceallovertheworld,原文定位,细节分析,正误并存,AffordableplansthatIcanunderstand一andnocontracttosign(签订）！,_,_明显不是文章的信息，与文中事实相反或不符,(事实细节题的考点),正误并存,扩大(缩小)范围,偷换概念,以偏概全,无中生有,_信息部分正确，部分错误,_是原文信息，但故意增加或减少细节,_符合常识，但不是文章的内容,_与原句的内容极为相似，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动,_是原文信息，但不是题干要求的内容,答非所问,summary,Intermsoftheanswers,OnasunnydaylastAugust,Timheardsomeshouting.Lookingouttotheseacarefully,hesawacoupleofkidsinarowboatwerebeingpulledouttosea.Two12-year-oldboys,ChristianandJack,rowedoutaboattosearchforafootball.Oncetheydrowedbeyondthecalmwaters,abeachumbrellatiedtotheboatcaughtthewindandpulledtheboatintoopenwater.Thepairpanickedandtriedtorowbacktoshore.Buttheywerenomatchforitandtheboatwasoutofcontrol.Timknewitwouldsoonbeswallowedbythewaves.Everythingwentquietinmyhead,Timrecalls(回忆).Iwastryingtofigureouthowtoswimtotheboysinastraightline.Timtookoffhisclothesandjumpedintothewater.Every500yardsorso,heraisedhisheadtojudgehisprogress.Atonepoint,Iconsideredturningback,hesays.IwonderedifIwasputtingmylifeatrisk.After30minutesofstruggling,hewascloseenoughtoyelltotheboys,Takedowntheumbrella!Christianmademuchefforttotakedowntheumbrella.ThenTimwasabletocatchupandclimbaboardtheboat.Hetookoverrowing,butthewaveswerealmosttoostrongforhim.Letsaimforthepier(码头),Jacksaid.Timturnedtheboattowardit.Soonafterward,wavescrashedovertheboat,anditbegantosink.Canyouguysswim?hecried.Alittlebit,theboyssaid.Oncethewereinthewater,Timdecideditwouldbesaferandfasterforhimtopulltheboystowardthepier.ChristianandJackwerewearinglifejacketsandfloatedontheirbacks.Timswantowardlandaswaterwashedovertheboysfaces.“Arewealmostthere?theyaskedagainandagain.Yes,Timtoldthemeachtime.After30minutes,theyreachedthepier.,Passage6,35.Whydidthetwoboysgotothesea?A.Togoboatrowing.B.Togetbacktheirfootball.C.Toswimintheopenwater.D.Totesttheumbrellaasasail.37.WhydidTimraisehisheadregularly?A.Totakeinenoughfreshair.B.Toconsiderturningbackornot.C.Tocheckhisdistancefromtheboys.D.Toasktheboystotakedowntheumbrella.38.Howdidthetwoboysfinallyreachthepier?A.TheyweredraggedtothepierbyTim.B.Theyswamtothepierallbythemselves.C.Theywerewashedtothepierbythewaves.D.TheywerecarriedtothepierbyTimonhisback.,35.Whydidthetwoboysgotothesea?A.Togoboatrowing.B.Togetbacktheirfootball.C.Toswimintheopenwater.D.Totesttheumbrellaasasail.,ChristianandJack,rowedoutaboattoseachforafootball.,37.WhydidTimraisehisheadregularly?A.Totakeinenoughfreshair.B.Toconsiderturningbackornot.C.Tocheckhisdistancefromtheboys.D.Toasktheboystotakedowntheumbrella.,Heraisedhisheadtojudgehisprogress.,偷换概念,扩大或缩小范围,答非所问,38.Howdidthetwoboysfinallyreachthepier?A.TheyweredraggedtothepierbyTim.B.Theyswamtothepierallbythemselves.C.Theywerewashedtothepierbythewaves.D.TheywerecarriedtothepierbyTimonhisback,Timdecideditwouldbesaferandfasterforhimtopulltheboystowardsthepier.,无中生有,同义词,解题技巧与策略,第一步：略读题干(Skimming),首先，快速浏览每道试题的题干(即问题)。,第二步：通读全文(Scanning),浏览了题干与选项之后，要带着“问题”通读全文。,第三步：研读攻关(Close-reading),注意对信息进行综合分析，分清主次、真伪，避免受信息的干扰，陷入高考题所设下的“陷阱”，学会“排除”干扰项。,HomeworkWhenfirstentered,VanakRestaurantdoesnotlooklikemuchofarestaurant,butoncethepleasantsmellsofkabob(烤肉串)hitthesenses,youareincapableofcallingitanythingless.Ownedbyalocalcouple,thisPersianrestauranthasaninviting,homelikeatmospherethatmanyrestaurantslack.Thespaceissmallwithonlyafewdiningtablesandnearlynodecoration,buttheenvironmentistrulycharming.Lyinginahardlynoticeablestreetcorner,therestaurantstillattractsallcustomers,especiallythoseexperiencedinthedelightsofMiddleEasterncooking.AcommonsightisthatofoldPersianmensittinginthecornertalkingloudlyaboutworldtopics,watchingnewseventsonTV,drinkingablackteaknownasPersianchai,readinglocalPersiannewspapersallthewhileandtryingtofinishofftheirplatepiledwithfood.Thevarietyoffoodattherestaurantislimited,buttheamountofeachdishisfairlylarge.Mostofthemealsc