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黄河科技学院本科毕业设计（论文）任务书 工 学院 机械 系 机械设计制造及其自动化 专业 2008 级 2 班学 号 学生 指导教师 毕业设计（论文）题目： 立卧式44轴组合钻床上主轴箱设计 毕业设计（论文）工作内容与基本要求（目标、任务、途径、方法，应掌握的原始资料（数据）、参考资料（文献）以及设计技术要求、注意事项等）：基本要求：1、 了解发动机机体大批量生产流水线中组合机床的原理、结构、工艺水平、分析使用现状及存在的问题；2、 分析三缸机体的结构、工艺流程及设计要求；3、 按组合机床设计规范要求完成设计任务。主要内容：1、 课题调研，搜集查阅资料，撰写文献综述；2、 装配图，主要零件图；3、 编写设计说明书，翻译外文资料。主要参考资料：1、 机械设计基础，张卫国，华中科技大学出版社； 2、 机械设计手册，机械设计委员会，机械工业出版社；3、 组合机床设计简明手册，谢家瀛，机械工业出版社。设计时间安排：1、 第12周（2月13日2月26日）：完成开题报告；2、 第34周（2月27日3月11日）：完成译文，文献综述；3、 第512周（3月12日5月6日）：完成总体设计，设计说明书；4、 第13周（5月7日5月13日）： 答辩文献准备完成；5、 第14周（5月14日5月19日）： 答辩。毕业设计（论文）时间： 2012 年 2 月 13 日至 2012 年 5 月 15 日计 划 答 辩 时 间： 2012 年 05 月 19 日专业（教研室）审批意见：审批人签名：黄河科技学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告表课题名称立卧式44轴组合钻床上主轴箱设计课题来源教师拟订课题类型AX指导教师学生姓名专 业机械设计制造及其自动化学 号一、调研资料的准备根据任务书的要求，在做本课题前，查阅了与课题相关的资料有：机械设计基础、机械设计手册、组合机床设计简明手册、机械设计、机械制图、机械制造工艺学、与毕业设计指导手册等。二、设计的目的与要求 通过此次设计过程，了解发动机机体大批量生产流水线中组合机床的原理、结构、工艺水平、分析使用现状及存在的问题，以及分析三缸机体的结构、工艺流程及设计要求。 按组合机床设计规范要求完成设计任务。 三、设计的思路与预期成果 1、设计思路分析加工工艺，根据“三图一卡”绘制主轴箱原始设计依据图，确定主轴结构、轴颈及齿轮模数，拟定传动系统，用计算机计算和验算箱体轴孔的坐标尺寸，绘制主轴箱装配图、主要零件图及编制组件明细表。2、预期的成果（1）完成文献综述一篇，不少与3000字，与专业相关的英文翻译一篇，不少于3000字 （2）编写设计说明书一份（3）绘制主轴箱装配图，主要零件图（4）刻录包含本次设计的所有内容的光盘一张四、任务完成的阶段内容及时间安排1、第12周（2月13日2月26日）：完成开题报告；2、第34周（2月27日3月11日）：完成译文，文献综述；3、第512周（3月12日5月6日）：完成总体设计，设计说明书；4、第13周（5月7日5月13日）： 答辩文献准备完成；5、第14周（5月14日5月19日）： 答辩。五、完成设计（论文）所具备的条件因素 本人已修完机械设计基础机械设计、机械制图、液压与气压传动、金属工艺学、机械制造技术基础、等课程，借助图书馆的相关文献资料，相关的网络等资源，查阅机械设计手册、组合机床设计手册毕业设计指导手册，以及良好的计算机绘图（CAD）操作能力。指导教师签名： 日期： 课题来源：（1）教师拟订；（2）学生建议；（3）企业和社会征集；（4）科研单位提供课题类型：（1）A工程设计（艺术设计）；B技术开发；C软件工程；D理论研究；E调研报告 （2）X真实课题；Y模拟课题；Z虚拟课题要求（1）、（2）均要填，如AY、BX等。黄河科技学院毕业设计（文献综述） 第 6 页 组合机床摘要：本文介绍了组合机床的概念、发展历史、组成、发展现状及发展趋势等内容。通过这些对组合机床有一个大致的了解，为设计做准备。关键词：组合机床 1. 前言组合机床是以通用部件为基础，配以按工件特定外形和加工工艺设计的专用部件和夹具，组成的半自动或自动专用机床。组合机床一般采用多轴、多刀、多工序、多面或多工位同时加工的方式，生产效率比通用机床高几倍至几十倍。由于通用部件已经标准化和系列化，可根据需要灵活配置，能缩短设计和制造周期。因此，组合机床兼有低成本和高效率的优点，在大批、大量生产中得到广泛应用，并可用以组成自动生产线。组合机床一般用于加工箱体类或非凡外形的零件。加工时，工件一般不旋转，由工具的旋转运动和刀具与工件的相对进给运动，来实现钻孔、扩孔、锪孔、铰孔、镗孔、铣削平面、切削内外螺纹以及加工外圆和端面等。有的组合机床采用车削头夹持工件使之旋转，由刀具作进给运动，也可实现某些回转体类零件（如飞轮、汽车后桥半轴等）的外圆和端面加工。12. 组合机床发展历史专用机床是随着汽车工业的兴起而发展起来的。在专用机床中某些部件因重复使用，逐步发展成为通用部件，因而产生了组合机床。最早的组合机床是1908年美国福特汽车公司制成的，用于加工汽车零件。1928年，前苏联开始生产组合机床。我国的组合机床制造技术是从“一五”计划期间，“一汽”、“洛拖”引进组合机床开始的。1956年3月，当时的第一机械工业部第二机器管理局批准了第一专业设计处（即线大连组合机床研究所的前身，）全面引进了前苏联的组合机床通用部件和设计指导资料，开始了我国组合机床的创业阶段，并于同年在大连机床厂制造出我国的第一台组合机床。1961年，又制造出我国第一条组合机床自动线。组合机床设计制造从“一厂一所”起步发展到如今一个独立的配套齐全的行业。我国组合机床制造技术的发展大体经历以下四个阶段：（1） 引进消化，开创我国组合机床技术标准体系；（2） 普及组合机床技术，发展形成行业；（3） 组织科技攻关，努力提高组合机床技术水平；（4） 柔性制造技术的发展，推动了组合机床传统制造技术的转变。23. 组合机床的组成初期，各机床制造厂都有各自的通用部件标准。为了提高不同制造厂的通用部件的互换性，便于用户使用和维修，1953年美国福特汽车公司和通用汽车公司与美国机床制造厂协商，确定了组合机床通用部件标准化的原则，即严格规定各部件间的联系尺寸，但对部件结构未作规定。通用部件按功能可分为动力部件、支撑部件、输送部件、控制部件和辅助部件五类。动力部件是为组合机床提供主运动和进给运动的部件。主要有动力箱、切削头和动力滑台。支撑部件是用以安装动力滑台、带有进给机构的切削头或夹具等的部件，有侧底座、中间底座、支架、可调支架、立柱和立柱底座等。输送部件是用以输送工件或主轴箱至加工工位的部件，主要有分度回转工作台、环形分度回转工作台、分度鼓轮和往复移动工作台等。控制部件是用以控制机床的自动工作循环的部件，有液压站、电气柜和操纵台等。辅助部件有润滑装置、冷却装置和排屑装置等。3为了使组合机床能在中小批量生产中得到应用，往往需要应用成组技术，把结构和工艺相似的零件集中在一台组合机床上加工，以提高机床的利用率。这类机床常见的有两种，可换主轴箱式组合机床和转台式组合机床。44. 组合机床的发展现状及趋势在科学技术飞速发展的今天，先进组合机床的生产技术亦日新月异，主要有以下发展趋势：（1）组合机床品种的发展重点在组合机床这类专用机床用，回转式多工位组合机床和自动线占有很重要的地位。因为这两类机床可以把工件的许多加工工序分配到多个加工工位上，并同时能从多个方向对工件的几个面进行加工，此外，还可以通过转位夹具（在回转工作台机床上）或通过转位、翻转装置（在自动线上）实现工件的五面加工或全部加工，因而具有很高的自动化程度和生产效率，被汽车、摩托车和压缩机等工业部门所采用。根据有关统计资料，德国在19901992年期间，回转式多工位组合机床和自动线的产量约各占组合机床总数的50%左右。应指出，回转式多工位组合机床实际上是一种特殊型式的小型自动线，适合于加工轮廓尺寸250mm的中小件。与自动线相比，在加工同一种工件的情况下，回转式多工位组合机床所占作业面积要比自动线约小2/3。5（2）自动线节拍时间进一步缩短目前，以大批量生产为特征的轿车和轻型载货车，其自动机的年产量通常为60万台左右，实现这样大的批量生产，回转式多工位组合机床和自动线在三班运行的情况下，其节拍时间一般为2030秒，当零件生产批量更大时，机床的节拍时间还要更短些。在70年代，自动线要实现这样短的节拍，往往要采用并列的双工位或设置双线的办法，即对决定自动线节拍的、工序时间最长的加工工序要通过并联两个相同的加工工位，如果限制性工序较多时，则通过采用两条相同的自动线来平衡自动线系统的加工节拍。显然，这样就要增加设备投资和作业面积。缩短基本时间的主要途径是采用新的刀具材料和新颖刀具，以通过提高切削速度和进给速度来缩短基本时间。缩短辅助时间主要是缩短包括工件输送、加工模块快速引进以及加工模块由快进转换为工进后至刀具切入工件所花的时间。为缩短这部分空行程时间，普遍采用提高工件（工件直接输送）或随行夹具的输送速度和加工模块的快速移动速度。6（3）组合机床柔性化进展迅速十多年来，作为组合机床重要用户的汽车工业，为迎合人们个性化需求，汽车变型品种日益增多，以多品种展开竞争已成为汽车市场竞争的特点之一，这使组合机床制造业面临着变型多品种生产的挑战。为适应多品种生产，传统以加工单一品种的刚性组合机床和自动线必须提高其柔性。在70年代，数控系统的可靠性有了很大的提高，故到70年代末和80年代初，像Alfing、Huller-Hille和Ex-cell-o等公司相继开发出数控加工模块和柔性自动线（FTL），从此数控组合机床和柔性自动线逐年增多。在1988年至1992年间，日本组合机床和自动线（包括部分其他形式的专用机床）产量的数控化率已达32%39%，产值数控化率达35%51%；德国组合机床和自动线产量的数控化率为18%62%，产值数控化率达45%66%。这些数字表明，近十年来，组合机床的数控化发展是十分迅速的。应指出，进入90年代以来，汽车市场竞争更趋激烈，产品市场寿命进一步缩短，新车型的开发周期日益缩短（目前一般为35个月），汽车品种不断增多，因而汽车工业对柔性自动化技术装备的需求量日益增多。如日本丰田汽车公司，在本世纪末的目标是公司下属工厂的柔性化生产效率的条件下，进一步提高其柔性就愈来愈具有重要意义。7（4）加工精度日益提高二十世纪70年代以来，随着可转位刀具、密齿铣刀、镗孔尺寸自动检测和刀具自动补偿技术的发展，组合机床的加工精度也有所提高。铣削平面的平面度可达0.05毫米/1000毫米，表面粗糙度可低达2.50.63微米；镗孔精度可达IT76级，孔距精度可达0.030.02微米。特别自80年代中期以来，汽车制造业为增强其汽车的竞争力，不断地加严其发动机关键件的制造公差，并通过计算机辅助测量和分析方法，以及通过设备能力检验来提高其产品的质量。目前，在验收组合机床和自动线时，已普遍要求设备的工序能力系数要大于1.33，有的甚至要求工序能力系数要大于1.67，以便确保稳定的加工精度。应指出，采用Cp1.33来验收设备，这实际上是加严了工件的制造公差，即工件的实际加工公差仅为工件给定公差的1/31/2，这无疑是对组合机床和自动线提出了更高的要求。组合机床制造厂为了满足用户对工件加工精度的高要求，除了进一步提高主轴部件、镗杆、夹具（包括镗模）的精度，采用新的专用刀具，优化切削工艺过程，采用刀具尺寸测量控制系统和控制机床及工件的热变形等一系列措施外，目前，空心工具（HSK）和过程统计质量控制（SPC）的应用已成为自动线提高和监控加工精度的新的重要技术手段。空心刀具锥柄是一种采用径向（锥面）和轴向（端面）双向定位的新颖工具，其优点是具有较高的抗弯刚度、扭转刚度和很高的重复精度。在机床上采用空心锥柄的镗刀，就可使用预调的刀具加工出IT7/IT6精密孔。SPC是基于工序能力的用于监控工件加工质量的一种方法。目前，在自动线上这种质量保证系统愈来愈多地被用来对整个生产过程中的加工质量进行连续监控。8（5）综合自动化程度日益提高近十年来，为进一步提高工件的加工精度和减少工件在生产过程中的中间储存、搬运以及缩短生产流程时间，将工件加工流程中的一些非切削加工工序（如工序间的清洗、测量、装配和试漏等）集成到自动线或自动线组成的生产系统中，以实现工件加工、表面处理、测量和装配等工序的综合自动化。（6）自动线可靠性和利用率不断改善和提高自动线的经济性只有在其进行连续生产的情况下才有可能实现。为提高自动线加工过程的可靠性、利用率和工件的加工质量，目前在自动线上愈来愈多的采用过程监控，快速进行故障诊断和早期预报加工偏差，使操作人员和维修人员能及时地进行干预，以缩短设备调试周期、减少设备停机时间和避免加工质量偏差。显然，提高自动线的利用率和工件加工质量是生产控制和监控的主要目的。从目前自动线生产控制和监控的内容看，生产控制和监控系统基本上是由质量监控系统、自动线运行控制与监控系统和刀具监控系统这几个部分组成的。9近年来，质量监控已日益成为现代自动线生产监控的重要一环。这主要是由于汽车工业不断提高发动机质量的缘故。各汽车制造厂普遍要求将零件的设计公差带压缩1/31/2作为工序公差，对机床能力系数提出了很高的要求。为此，自动线制造厂为确保设备具有稳定的加工质量，已日益重视应用SPC对自动线的生产过程进行连续监控，对加工质量偏差的趋向进行早期预报，以便把工件的加工公差始终控制在预定的范围内。现代自动线的过程控制和监控不仅包含对变得愈来愈复杂的自动线的过程控制和对所有终点开关、电动机保护开关、节拍时间、冷却和润滑液的供给以及液压、气动功能等进行监控和诊断，而且还包括对刀具耐用度、设备维修间隔和工件计数进行管理，并通过一些直观的过程图形显示、操作指引、故障报警和诊断指示，使操作人员更便于监控整个自动线的生产过程。10（7）其他技术的应用动向在工业发达国家的组合机床行业中，下列技术得到了较为广泛的应用。组合机床设计普及CAD技术：在国外许多公司中，组合机床设计已普遍采用CAD工作站。在设计室几乎很难见到传统的绘图板。CAD除应用于绘图工作外，并在构件的刚度分析（有限元方法）、组合机床及自动线设计方案比较和选择，以及方案报价等方面均已得到广泛应用，从而显著地提高了设计质量和缩短了设计周期。加之国外许多公司在组合机床和自动线组成模块方面的系列化和通用化程度很高（一般达90%以上），使组合机床和自动线的交货期进一步缩短。11推行并行工程：近十年来，为缩短汽车开发周期、降低制造费用和提高产品质量，世界上许多汽车厂都在积极推行日本丰田汽车公司首创的精益生产方式（Lean Production）。旨在从整体优化的观点合理配置和利用企业拥有的生产要素，以达到高速、高效、高质量和低成本地开发制造汽车，促使企业获得更高的综合效益。12参考文献1 谢家瀛.组合机床设计简明手册M.北京：机械工业出版社,2002.2 大连组合机床研究所编.组合机床设计第一册M.北京：机械工业出版社，1975.3 范国清.组合机床通用部件专辑M.大连：大连组合研究所，1975.4 沈阳工学院.组合机床设计M.上海：上海科技出版社,1985.5 裘愉.从几个侧面看组合机床的发展动向J.组合机床与自动化加工技术，1994（1）.6 徐英男.组合机床及其自动线的使用与调整M.北京：劳动人事出版社,1987.7 李秀敏.组合机床行业现状与发展思考J.航空制造技术，2003（4）.8 李明，王合增，张应武.组合机床的发展趋势及企业的对策M.机械产品与科技，2002（1）.9 李如松.组合机床和自动线的技术发展J.组合机床与自动化加工技术，1990（1）.10 N. Chernor. Machine ToolsM,1984.11 John. L. Feirer. Machine Tools Netalworking M,1973.12 Menfred Weck. Handbook of Machine Tools M,1984.单位代码 0 2 学 号 分 类 号 TH6 密 级 毕业设计 文献综述 院（系）名称工学院机械系 专业名称机械设计制造及其自动化 学生姓名 指导教师2012年2月20日黄河科技学院毕业设计（文献翻译） 第 12 页 Multi-purpose aggregate machine-tool timeTimothy and Jacobs, Denis A receives then then,outstanding Philip U.S.A. Michigan universitySummary: The aggregate machine-tool machining center may cause the demand which the processing manufacturing industry adapts changes unceasingly, uses the pool of labor power effectively, and has the competitive power in global scales market. Key word: Aggregate machine-tool Aggregate machine-tool is based on general parts, according to the specific shape and workpiece machining process of the special components and fixture design, semi-automatic or automatic special machine. Aggregate machine-tool machining Aggregate machine-tool usually adopts the multiaxial, knife, more processes, and multi-faceted or multistage and processing, production efficiency than general machine high several times or more. Due to the standardization and serialization general parts have, can according to need flexible configuration, can shorten the cycle of design and manufacture. Therefore, the combination machine has the advantages of low cost and high efficiency, in large, large production is widely used, and the automatic production line can be used to composition.Aggregate machine-tool generally used for for processing general box or special shape of parts. Processing, workpiece rotate, generally by the tool and workpiece rotate movement and tools for the relative motion, to realize in drilling, reaming, economic hole, reaming, boring, cutting and milling, and the processing thread and fiber-end surface etc. Some combination machine adopts clamping workpiece machining head to rotate, feeding movement by the tool for, also can achieve some axisymmetrical parts (such as the flywheel, automobile rear half axle, etc.) of the circle and the process.Combination machine parts classificationGeneral parts according to the function can be divided into power components and parts, transmission parts, supporting the control and auxiliary parts. Power components are provided for aggregate machine-tool in the movement and moving parts. Main motivation, cutting head and dynamic slide.Supporting components are installed power to slide into to institutions, cutting head or fixture, have side base, base, support, adjustable bracket, column and column base, etc.Transmission parts is used to transport or spindle box to the processing of the main parts, workstation dividing rotating table, the annular dividing rotating table, drum and to-and-fro moving workbench, etc.Control components are used to control the machine parts, automatic working cycle is hydraulic pressure station and electrical cabinets and control console, etc. Auxiliary parts are lubrication device and cooling device and scraps discharge device etc.The development of modular machine toolIn order to make the aggregate machine-tool in small batch production, often applied to the structure, the application of group technology and craft of similar parts in a centralized modular machine tool, in order to improve the machining efficiency. This machine has two kinds of common, spindle box aggregate machine-tool and turn tower aggregate machine-tool.Regarding the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, in the industrial field has many names to describe it, like “the multitasking installment”, “the multi-purpose engine beds”, “the multi-procedure production system” and so on, it may be called the processing domain truly the nova, may reduce the cost, the simplified disposition, and has maintained in the US territory produces. In the past only then used the duty which many machine operations could complete, now may concentrate to an engine bed on processes completes.As a result of market demands unceasing change, the product life cycle is reducing unceasingly, todays market more intense demand multitasking installment concept. Carries out the fine profit management when the entire production environment, compared to having not concentrated the components processing to a machine on completes a finer profit.Some traditions manufacturing industry manufacturer thought that the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools are too complex, very difficult to find the appropriate operators also the difficult problem innovates on the spot on the insufficiency for the metal working basic principle and in the Production workshop related new engine bed use solution aspect training.Intuition type technical controlThe equipment use “carries off the quantity of heat” the type design, has different material which the lathe bed, the steeliness straight line rolling guide, on the steeliness revolving tool box saddle, the equipment uses, all these combine make an engine bed together. These with the thermal conductivity, the volume expansion are related. All different sizes thing can by the different speed growth.As a result of this reason, needs to make the hot friendly engine bed, with the aim of knowing gives off heat the weak point in where, can compensate through the reasonable engine bed design. The part is the entire journey movement. The engine bed glide produces rubs and transform hotly. The machining produces the hot filings fall to the different place, the refrigerant can mix in the entire process in which. Will present the different temperature province continually on the cutting tool, will therefore also have many things to have the influence to the thermostability. The cutting tool technology turned the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools has had the milling and cutting power “the versatile machine”.According to the material introduced that the most remarkable characteristic is in these engine bed whole has the intuition. The anti-collision preservation technology was already mature, in certain circumstances, even if uses the manual operation pattern, can also avoid the occurrence which collides. Because the control software has the very good intuition, the user operation friendly degree unceasingly is also enhancing. Believe the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools by its survivability world-wide in the more different processing scenes.The off-line programming optimization and the NC automatic control systems formation already made this technology to be easier to accept, when therefore uses the procedure when the engine bed, does not need to spend many time tune-up procedure and confirmed that some part does not have the question. If components need to provide the high and low two revolving tool box saddle simultaneously to carry on the rough machining, in this kind of situation the programming is quite difficult, because it needs two revolving tool box saddles also to feed. The AdMac system may realize tool rests automatic programming which simultaneously feeds to these, and can cause the correct main axle speed, the correct feed rate and so on all parameters to realize the synchronization.Okuma Corporations collision avoidance system design based on actual processing operating mode anti-collision simulation, therefore, if the operator has installed the wrong cutting tool or has established the wrong parameter, the control system will examine and prevents the engine bed to enter the processing condition. Through cooperates with the Siemens, INDEX Corporation may provide the 3D pattern now “the hypothesized engine bed”, has custom-made according to some specific models engine bed. The result indicated that the simulation processes not only the fabricated parts and the actual end product is similar, is the one-to-one copy simply.The intuition type control interface, the simulation as well as other software technique are progressive, the more Production workshops have opened wide the front door to the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, but if does not have the corresponding knowledge to train and to solve the question creativity, the manufacturer is also very difficult to realize and the full use advanced engine bed flexibility aspect superiority. The work which does to the machine are more, the machine will be more complex, also needs to have the stronger skill person correspondingly to be able to operate it.If machinist past one day operated 3 engine beds, then he has this kind of multi-purpose engine bed now, might produce more components. More importantly, he may draw support from softwares help to cause the production efficiency to be higher, regarding transformation processing components preparation, may also establish the processing craft plan. Because the replacement components need to lower 3 main axles, therefore before replacing the components, the workshop should process as far as possible many components. Regarding the multi-purpose engine beds, the transformation components speed is quick, the production batch of time interval is shorter, the stock is lower, the production efficiency is higher. Can use multi-purpose engine beds some workshops fully, very quick will discover the post function the unification. Now, a workshop may only use an operator, an adjuster and a programming teacher, in the future these 3 work definitely may do by a person.In the traditional post description the machinist will transit becomes one to adjust engineer, if this engineer the familiar components processing programming, that were also more ideal. Regarding such transformation, training has been simple, so long as trains 1 individual line, but is not 3 individuals. Looking from the long views, this will provide to the people the higher post degree of satisfaction. When adjusts engineer to be responsible to process the programming, and pays attention to the components processing personally time the entire process, he completely has become this components control. In addition, but should also makes more effort in the cutting tool choice and the programming aspect, must make any model the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tool to succeed, the workshop needs to provide the skilled machinist, has ability and completes many kinds of operations nimbly. Therefore, crosswise training was at any time in the past more important. Regarded as the milling and the lathe work the different discipline the viewpoint never to return. Regarding the programmers, this belongs to their time. Regarding personnel who will program, will understand the engine bed and controls it, this will be their ability manifestation. The cutting tool will choose most people not to install the passenger vehicle tire to the race car on, but processed the cutting tool to have such situation. The cutting tool should match with the new engine bed, is conceivably redundant on the new engine bed uses the old cutting tool to the production efficiency influence. In order to match the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, the new cutting tool and the cutting tool adapter technology was already developed. At present the industrial field is developing the development the processing cutting tool, may complete the turning on the identical tool rest, boring and drills truncates the processing, is only processes the phase to differ from regarding the work piece angle. The processing operates the difference even confuses is unclear. The new processing cutting tool may complete the milling and the turning.Since has moved the technology (engine bed) is this century develops is extremely rapid and one of influence enormous science and technology. The modern automation technology is one kind of completely new productive forces, is one of direct creation public wealth principal means that is playing the enormous promotion effect to humanitys production activity and the material civilization. Therefore, the automated technology receives various countries widely to take seriously with more and more applications. The machinery automation (engine bed), mainly refers to the machine-building industry applies the automated technology, realizes the processing object continuously the automatic production, realizes the optimized effective automatic production process, the increase production investment processing transformation and the flow rate. The machinery automation technologys application and the development, are the machine-building industry technological transformations, the technology advancement principal means and the technological development main direction. Machinery automation technical standards, not only affects the entire machine-building industry the development, and has the very tremendous immediate influence to the national economy various departments technology advancement. Therefore, develops our countrys machine-building industry automation technology, conforms to our country socialism basic principle, conforms to our country modern production law of development. How to develop our countrys machinery automation technology (engine bed), here has the technical policy question, should be realistic, all embark from our countrys concrete national condition, do each foundation work, takes the Chinas road of machinery automation technological development. The domestic and foreign industry history tells us, realizes the machinery automation is from to high-level, from simply to complex, from is preliminarily imperfect the consummation the developing process. After machines operation uses the automatic regulator, the production method only then gradually transits from the mechanization to the mechanism control (tradition) automated, the numerical control automation, the computer control automation. Only then after having established the Automated factory, the production process can overall automate, can make the productivity to enhance comprehensively, achieves automated the high-level ideal stage.The machinery automation technology first starts from the 1920s in the machine manufacture cold finishing production in enormous quantities process to develop the application, after in the 60s, to adapt the market demand and the change, for the enhancement machine-building industry to the market nimble rapid reactions ability, starts to establish the variable automation production system, namely revolves the computer technology the flexible automation. It is in the manufacture system invariable or in the change small situation, the machinery equipment either production management process through the automatic detection, the information processing, the analysis judgment realizes the anticipated operation or some kind of process automatically, and can from make one kind of components to transform automatically to makes another kind of different components. The social practice proved that under this kind of definitions manufacture system automation and the contemporary majority enterprises are not actually accommodating. The contemporary society also not in the science and technology, the material and the personnel aspect prepares to realize this automated condition, insists such to do only meets the wasted effort. This kind of situation is not exceptional regarding the separate production methods machine-building industry, the difficulty can bigger.In the 80s internationally appeared started to use computer integration manufacture system CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System), the flexible automation production pattern also had this kind of situation. The initial period take the information integration as a key point, take the high automaticity as the characteristic, but in realized in the process to encounter the difficulty. In view of the fact that realizes the large amount investment which the computer integration manufacture systems automation overall needs (an overall Automated factory to spend several hundred hundred million US dollars, flexible manufacture system regular price is 600 25,000,000 US dollars), undertakes the huge risk, in addition questions and so on technical difficulty and reliability, the world industrially advanced country started “to run into a wall produces a different product”, transfers pays great attention the information integration the effect, pursues low cost automation LCA (Low Cost Automation) enterprise organizational structure and movement way.In order to make the aggregate machine-tool in small batch production, often applied to the structure, the application of group technology and craft of similar parts in a centralized modular machine tool, in order to improve the machining efficiency. This machine has two kinds of common, spindle box aggregate machine-tool and turn tower aggregate machine-tool.The aggregate machine-tool future development more use transmissions and so on variable speed motor and ball bearing guide screw, will simplify structure, the reduction production metre; Uses the numerical control system and the headstock, the jig automatic replacement system, enhances the craft controllability; As well as integrates the flexible manufacture system and so on. 多功能组合机床时代蒂莫西雅各布斯，丹尼斯阿斯纳斯，卓越飞利浦美国密西根大学摘要：组合机床加工中心可使加工制造业适应不断变化的需求，有效利用劳动力资源，并在全球范围的市场上更具竞争力。关键字：组合机床组合机床是以通用部件为基础，配以按工件特定形状和加工工艺设计的专用部件和夹具，组成的半自动或自动专用机床。 组合机床加工方式组合机床一般采用多轴、多刀、多工序、多面或多工位同时加工的方式，生产效率比通用机床高几倍至几十倍。由于通用部件已经标准化和系列化，可根据需要灵活配置，能缩短设计和制造周期。因此，组合机床兼有低成本和高效率的优点，在大批、大量生产中得到广泛应用，并可用以组成自动生产线。组合机床一般用于加工箱体类或特殊形状的零件。加工时，工件一般不旋转，由刀具的旋转运动和刀具与工件的相对进给运动，来实现钻孔、扩孔、锪孔、铰孔、镗孔、铣削平面、切削内外螺纹以及加工外圆和端面等。有的组合机床采用车削头夹持工件使之旋转，由刀具作进给运动，也可实现某些回转体类零件(如飞轮、汽车后桥半轴等)的外圆和端面加工。组合机床部件分类通用部件按功能可分为动力部件、支承部件、输送部件、控制部件和辅助部件五类。动力部件是为组合机床提供主运动和进给运动的部件。主要有动力箱、切削头和动力滑台。支承部件是用以安装动力滑台、带有进给机构的切削头或夹具等的部件，有侧底座、中间底座、支架、可调支架、立柱和立柱底座等。输送部件是用以输送工件或主轴箱至加工工位的部件，主要有分度回转工作台、环形分度回转工作台、分度鼓轮和往复移动工作台等。控制部件是用以控制机床的自动工作循环的部件，有液压站、电气柜和操纵台等。辅助部件有润滑装置、冷却装置和排屑装置等。对于多功能组合机床，工业领域内有很多称呼来形容它，如“多任务处理装置”、“多功能机床”、“多程序生产系统”等，他确实可称为加工领域的新星，可降低成本，简化配置，并一直在美国本土生产。过去只有使用多机操作才能完成的任务，现在可以集中到一台机床上加工完成。由于市场需求的不断变化，产品的生命周期在不断缩小，今天的市场更加强烈需求多任务处理装置概念。在整个生产环境中推行精益管理时，没有比把零件加工集中到一台机器上完成更精一些传统的制造业厂商认为多功能组合机床过于复杂，很难找到合适的操作人员也就不足为奇了。在一些劳动力市场，要找到能够对多轴组合机床加工中心进行手工编程的人事不太可能的事。但资料显示，解决方案可有两个，一个是现代多功能组合机床的直觉式技术，另一个是针对金属加工基本原理及在生产车间现场有关新机床使用中难题创新解决方面的培训。直觉式技术控制设备采用“带走热量”式设计，有床身、钢制直线滚动导轨、钢