立体车库自动入库装置结构设计【机械式立体停车库】【说明书+CAD】
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立体车库自动入库装置结构设计【机械式立体停车库】【说明书+CAD】
立体车库
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湖南科技大学2015届毕业设计（论文）开题报告题 目立体车库自动入库装置结构设计作者姓名学号所学专业机械设计制造及其自动化1、 研究的意义，同类研究工作国内外现状、存在问题（列出主要参考文献）自动立体车库是我国的新兴产业，具有广阔的发展前景。随着我国经济快速发展，传统车库已经不能适应城市的发展需求，自动立体车库成为解决这一问题的必然途径。机械式立体车库具有空间利用率高、建造周期短、节约能源等优点。立体车库经过几十年的发展，已由初期的半自动化控制方式发展到全自动化的控制方式，机械结构也发展到了模块化设计。国外经济发达国家其自动立体车库在过去几十年中已经得到了充分的发展。国外的机械式立体车库发源于20年代的美国。50年代以后，伴随着小汽车的大量增加，在西欧、东南亚等地区立体车库得到了广泛的应用。日本的自动立体车库行业现已发展出较多车库种类，同时，日本在车库的技术研究与开发、制造、管理等方面的水平都处于亚洲领先水平，所建成的立体停车场的数量和其容车量也居于世界前列。而在韩国，自动立体车库的技术发展主要受到了邻国日本的影响。再加上韩国政府的大力支持，自动立体车库在韩国得到了大规模的应用和再开发，进入了稳步发展阶段。目前，我国的自动立体车库行业正处于快速发展阶段并很快进入稳定发展阶段，未来市场巨大。但我国现有的自动立体车库产业并不十分完善，大部分车库是引进国外先进技术进行设计制造，而且技术水平不高，技术创新能力落后于其他国家。国内没有较大规模的车库生产加工企业，大规模量产能力明显不足。2、 研究目标、内容和拟解决的关键问题（根据任务要求进一步具体化）升降横移式立体停车库的结构设计在整个车库中非常重要，主框架部分、载车板部分和传动系统是升降横移式立体停车库的主要组成部分，主框架部分承担着整个升降横移式立体停车库的总量，而且它的轻重、稳定性和可靠性以及载车板部分还影响着整个立体停车库的重量、材料和成本的多少以及安全性，传动系统决定着升降横移式立体停车库运行的好坏，研究设计主框架部分、载车板部分和传动系统成为影响整个立体停车库的关键因素。随着我国经济的飞速发展，轿车拥有量的迅速膨胀，机械式车库的现有功能已落后于人们的要求。现有车库技术的不足主要表现在取车得时间比较长，智能化程度比较低，安全程度不够，设计形式比较陈旧。如何提高立体停车库的效率以及安全性能成为了我设计的主要研究方向。3、 特色与创新之处本研究对以往的立体车库自动进库装置进行了改进以改善其性能使其得到优化，同以往的设计相比主要优点如下：1) 节省占地，配置灵活，建设周期短。2) 采用涡轮蜗杆减速器使得整体自锁能力好。3) 整体采用模块化设计，各部分可以拆卸装换，使用方便。4) 存取车迅速，等候时间短。5) 运行平稳，工作噪声低。6) 适用于商业、机关、住宅小区配套停车场的使用。4、 拟采取的研究方法、步骤、技术路线所查阅的文献主要是通过学校的图书馆、图书馆网站和一些机械论坛网站和中国期刊网站进行查询，主要查询的范围是有关于本课题书籍、期刊和学位论文。(1) 了解立体车库的构成(2) 设计立体车库的结构装置(3) 零件的强度分析(4) 总体设计方案(5) 校核与检验 5、 拟使用的主要设计、分析软件及仪器设备图纸绘制绘制总装、部件和零件的二维工程图、装配图。（折合1号图5张）采用autocad和SolidWorks绘图6、参考文献1、王永章、数控技术、高等教育出版社、高等学校机械工程及自动化专业系列教材2、熊诗波、机械工程测试技术基础、机械工业出版社、第三版3、哈尔滨工业大学理论力学教研室、理论力学、高等教育出版社、第七版4、刘鸿文、材料力学、高等教育出版社、第五版5、濮良贵、机械设计、高等教育出版社、第八版6、高为国、机械工程材料、中南大学出版社、第二版7、潘存云、机械原理、中南大学出版社、第二版注：1、开题报告是本科生毕业设计（论文）的一个重要组成部分。学生应根据毕业设计（论文）任务书的要求和文献调研结果，在开始撰写论文之前写出开题报告。2、参考文献按下列格式（A为期刊，B为专著）A：序号、作者（外文姓前名后，名缩写，不加缩写点，3人以上作者只写前3人，后用“等”代替。）、题名、期刊名（外文可缩写，不加缩写点）年份、卷号（期号）：起止页码。B：序号、作者、书名、版次、（初版不写）、出版地、出版单位、出版时间、页码。3、表中各项可加附页。3The Stereo Garage1.1 An overview of the stereo garageVehicles parked nowhere is the problem of the urban social, economic and transport development to a certain extent the result, Garage Equipment development in foreign countries, especially in Japan nearly 30-40 years. Whether technically or in terms of experience had been a success. China is also in the beginning of the 1990s developed mechanical parking equipment, which was 10 years in the past. Because a lot of new residents in the district with the ratio of 1:1. To address the size of parking spaces for tenants and business areas contradictions 3D mechanical parking equipment with an average size of a small motorcycles unique characteristics, the majority of users have been accepted.Compared with the traditional natural underground garage, Machinery garage demonstrates its superiority in many respects. First, the mechanical garage has a prominent section of superiority. Past due to the underground garage must elapse enough lanes, the average car will occupy an area of 40 square meters, If the use of double-mechanical garage, which would enable ground to improve the utilization rate of around 80% to 90%, If using ground multi-storey (21 storeys), three-dimensional garage, 50 square meters of land area will be placed on the 40 cars, which can greatly save the limited land resources, Civil and save development costs. To underground garage, Mechanical garage can be more effective to ensure personal and vehicle safety in the garage or car kept prospective location, the entire electronic control equipment would not operate. It should be said that the mechanical garage from the management can do a thorough separation of people and vehicles. In the underground garage using mechanical parking, it also can remove the heating ventilation; therefore, Operation of the power consumption than workers in the management of underground garage is much lower. Mechanical garage dont usually do complete system, but as a single machine containers. This will give full play to its small space, the advantages of decentralized, Each of the residential areas or groups downstairs to make a complete circuit can be set up random mechanical parking building. This garage of the district can solve the shortage of parking difficulty in providing convenient conditions right now. Currently, three-dimensional garage mainly in the following forms: lifting and transferring, aisle stacking garage, vertical garage, vertical cycle, box-level cycle, the level of circulating round. 1.1.1 Lifting and transferring Lifting and transferring Garage modular design, each module can be designed into two, three, four levels, the five-story, semi-submerged in various forms, such as the number of parking spaces from a few to hundreds. Three-dimensional garage applies to the ground and underground car parks, configuration flexibility and cost is low.1. Product features:1) Save land, the configuration flexibility, and shorter construction period.2) Low prices, firefighting and exterior decoration, with a total investment on small foundations. 3) Use automatic control, simple structure, safe and reliable. 4) Access to a quick, short waiting time. 5) Run a smooth, low noise. 6) Applies to commercial, offices, and residential quarters supporting the use of car parks. 2. Safety devices: anti-dropping device, a photoelectric sensor, spacing protectors, emergency stop switch. 1.1.2 Aisle stacking garageAisle stacking garage used as a stacking machine tool access vehicles. All vehicles are stacking machine access, so the technical requirements for stacker higher, a single stacker cost is higher. So aisle stacking apply to the parking garage needs a few more customers. 1.1.3 Vertical GarageVertical Garage Elevator similar to the principle that both sides of the hoist layout spaces. Generally need a ground vehicle rotary tables can be saved by the driver away. Vertical Garage generally higher high (tens of meters), safety equipment, Installation precision machining requirements are very high, high cost, but has the smallest area. 1.1.4 Vertical cycleProduct features:1) covers an area of small; two berths area can stop 6-10 vehicles.2) The decoration can be added only roof, fire hydrants available.3) Low prices, foundation, external decoration, fire and other small investment, short construction periods.4) Use automatic control, safe and reliable operation. 2.2.1 The stereo garage automatic control systemThe modern large-scale building mainstream is intelligent mansion and community. So, automated parking equipment or garage automatic control system will become intelligent mansion and an important part of community. Simple, fast, easy to use, safe, reliable, and less maintenance, to provide users with a safe, easy to use environment, This is auto-parking feature of the basic equipment. All parking equipment operating conditions, vehicles parked in time, vehicle storage Malaysia, garage storage capacity. Vehicles kept high and low peaks, and other information can be transmitted through the network of intelligent control center through intelligent control center operator, and the broadcasting system and the management office of the Division linked related to early release control, management information, thus achieving all the intelligent management. Building and the Community through the intelligent control of the center could also associate with social networking functions. Information released to the collection coming out or expands utilization of the garage social and economic benefits. This will be the automation of the development direction of the garage. Solid Garage automation control system include the following five major subsystems: automatic toll collection management system automatic access systems for remote diagnosis system, automatic Gate, control security system. Subsystems are more unified control of the central control room, for customers planning Garage form of management, Published garage inventory capacity, traffic control program. 2.1.1 Automatic Toll Management SystemAutomatic charge adopts contactless IC card. IC card points long-term card and the stored-card. For fixed users, the issue of long-term cards, the cost of fixed users pays management fees paid together; on the temporary users, issue stored-value cards, namely: the user fees paid cards exist within each parking card reader automatically deducted from the cost. 2.1.2 Automatic vehicle access systemAutomatic vehicle access system is generally controlled by small PLC. Including the identification card number and mobile disc contains two cars process. Users enter the garage at the entrance to Swiping cards, reader data automatically transmitted to the PLC control system, PLC system through the judgment card number and automatically set the corresponding site mobile trucks and vehicles to the handover location, the garage door opened, shorten the time access to cars. Truck drivers light signals in accordance with the guidelines created only when vehicles parked in a safe location, parking will be normal light-on. Access car after the completion of the garage doors shut down automatically. Mobile site contains car, the system in strict accordance with the various signal detection mobile state, including long signal detection, Detection in place, the position detection limit, officers hit detection, emergency stop signal detection. If cars are running plate is not in place or vehicle length in excess of the permitted length of the garage, all vehicles disc will contain no action, If detected emergency stop signal to stop all action until the emergency stop signal disappeared. Above signals are hardware signals, in addition, the software can also be installed to control signal protection, such as the protection of the time, to ensure that the damage due to hardware failure to signal equipment and the main guarantee for the safety of vehicles. 2.1.3 Remote diagnosis system Controllers can spot card, hubs and other network equipment and control center connected to the LAN, MODEN through remote management, monitoring the operation of the scene, when the scene failure, in the control center can be addressed to facilitate the management, e-office security personnel. 2.1.4 Automatic Gate In the garage entrance of the no-contact reader, and the Gate of coil users in the garage entrances Swiping cards, the system automatically discriminates validity of the card, if valid, the Gate open automatically, through induction coils, Automatic self-closing fence; If invalid, the Gate is not open, and sound and light alarm. 2.1.5 Monitoring security systemMonitoring security system is in the central control room for monitoring and controlling the operation of the garage scene conditions. It has motion detection, license plate recognition, network connections, different types of alarm systems linkage, and other functions, can be achieved unguarded. System catalog:Video monitoring function : the garage entrances, and the duty, the main segments within the garage installation focusing cameras, On the larger spaces installation spherical platforms, in order to achieve all-round garage on real-time monitoring. If the garage light conditions of the poor would use black-and-white cameras. Motion Detection functions: setting up the night in the garage of motion detection region, detecting when there are a moving target, Motion Detection and Alarm function remind staffs. LPR functions: it can set up the garage light vehicle license plates, vehicle. When the light vehicles entering the garage regional surveillance, the system automatically cross-referenced with images of a very odd situation, issued a warning signal and automatic switching and record their images. Alarm linkage functions: all can move even the police mainframe, if activated relay acousto-optic warning issued notice of security personnel to voluntarily disarm gate interception of vehicular access. Digital video functions : it with a continuous record of what happened in the garage, can be synchronized intervals over images arbitrary choice of the overall image to enlarge and local amplification, recording, playback, backup can be conducted all kinds of information. Reportedly, has begun an increasing number of residential quarters began to use a mechanical garage. Taking into account the cost and maintenance, the majority of the district is a multi-storey lifting and transferring parking equipment, mass storage mechanical garage also rarely. Lifting and transferring Garage Equipment parking flow indicate the following: 1、The sense of light yellow instructions garage operationRed lamp was ongoing operating instructions, please wait; Green light is currently no operating instructions, can operate; yellow light instructions were to fail, the garage can not work.2、The operationDrivers of vehicles enter from the garage entrance. At the entrance of non-contact sensors Reader former regional shaken following their IC cards, induction process completed, the fence automatically rises driver drove into the garage. The fence shut down automatically after vehicles entering. Card is the controller to read spaces, corresponding to the parking garage containing cars moved to the site automatically transfer vehicle location, Automatic garage door open units. Car drivers entering and parking in place, Latin hand brake, alighted out of the garage, using IC cards in the garage exit Huang about IC cards Garage door modules to shut down automatically. Completed deposit truck operators. 3、Collect the car operationDrivers entering the garage at the entrance to the non-contact sensors Reader former regional shaken following their IC cards Controller automatically read spaces, corresponding to the parking garage containing cars moved to the site automatically transfer vehicle location, Automatic garage door open modules, drivers entering the garage and drive out, in the garage exit of the automatic reader before induction regional dazzle your own IC cards, sensors finished, the reader receive information, Host controller automatically recorded, prepaid, automatically raising the fence, the driver drove the playing field, appeared after fencing to shut down automatically. Meanwhile, Controller automatically read spaces, corresponding to the garage door unit shut down automatically. Vehicle operation finished. The garage has a complete self-protection device in the course of operation. A series of photoelectric switches, proximity switches, trip switches and other vehicles on site contains accurate operation in place to play a decisive role; falling unique defense installations, broken rope warning device, speeding vehicle protection device to protect the security role played. Detection of long vehicles, vehicle parking is not in place detection, and personnel into a detection signal of vehicles and the safety play a decisive role. 立体车库1.1 立体车库概述车辆无处停放的问题是城市的社会、经济、交通发展到一定程度产生的结果，立体停车设备的发展在国外，尤其在日本已有近3040年的历史，无论在技术上还是在经验上均已获得了成功。我国也于90年代初开始研究开发机械立体停车设备，距今已有十年的历程。由于很多新建小区内住户与车位的配比为1:1，为了解决停车位占地面积与住户商用面积的矛盾，立体机械停车设备以其平均单车占地面积小的独特特性，已被广大用户接受。机械车库与传统的自然地下车库相比，在许多方面都显示出优越性。首先，机械车库具有突出的节地优势。以往的地下车库由于要留出足够的行车通道，平均一辆车就要占据40平方米的面积，而如果采用双层机械车库，可使地面的使用率提高8090，如果采用地上多层（21层）立体式车库的话，50平方米的土地面积上便可存放40辆车，这可以大大地节省有限的土地资源，并节省土建开发成本。机械车库与地下车库相比可更加有效地保证人身和车辆的安全，人在车库内或车不停准位置，由电子控制的整个设备便不会运转。应该说，机械车库从管理上可以做到彻底的人车分流。在地下车库中采用机械存车，还可以免除采暖通风设施，因此，运行中的耗电量比工人管理的地下车库低得多。机械车库一般不做成套系统，而是以单台集装而成。这样可以充分发挥其用地少、可化整为零的优势，在住宅区的每个组团中或每栋楼下都可以随机设立机械停车楼。这对眼下车库短缺的小区解决停车难的问题提供了方便条件。目前，立体车库主要有以下几种形式：升降横移式、巷道堆垛式、垂直提升式、垂直循环式、箱型水平循环式、圆形水平循环式。1.1.1 升降横移式升降横移式立体车库采用模块化设计，每单元可设计成两层、三层、四层、五层、半地下等多种形式，车位数从几个到上百个。此立体车库适用于地面及地下停车场，配置灵活，造价较低。1. 产品特点：1) 节省占地，配置灵活，建设周期短。2) 价格低，消防、外装修、土建地基等投资少。3) 可采用自动控制，构造简单，安全可靠。4) 存取车迅速，等候时间短。5) 运行平稳，工作噪声低。6) 适用于商业、机关、住宅小区配套停车场的使用。2. 安全装置：防坠装置，光电传感器、限位保护器、急停开关等。1.1.2 巷道堆垛式巷道堆垛式立体车库采用堆垛机作为存取车辆的工具，所有车辆均由堆垛机进行存取，因此对堆垛机的技术要求较高，单台堆垛机成本较高，所以巷道堆垛式立体车库适用于车位数需要较多的客户使用。1.1.3 垂直提升式立体车库垂直提升式立体车库类似于电梯的工作原理，在提升机的两侧布置车位，一般地面需一个汽车旋转台，可省去司机调头。垂直提升式立体车库一般高度较高（几十米），对设备的安全性，加工安装精度等要求都很高，因此造价较高，但占地却最小。1.1.4 垂直循环式产品特点：1) 占地少，两个泊位面积可停610辆车。2) 外装修可只加顶棚，消防可利用消防栓。3) 价格低，地基、外装修、消防等投资少，建设周期短。4) 可采用自动控制，运行安全可靠。2.1立体车库自动控制系统现代大型建筑的主流是智能化大厦和小区，因此自动化立体停车设备或车库的自动控制系统将成为智能化大厦和小区的一个重要组成部分。操作简单、迅速，使用方便，安全可靠，维护量小，为用户提供一个安全、简易的使用环境，这是自动化立体停车设备的基本特点。停车设备的一切运行状况，车辆停放的时间，车辆存放交费情况，车库库容量，车辆存放高、低峰情况，等信息均可通过网络传送到智能化控制中心，通过智能化控制中心运算处理，与广播系统和各分部管理办公室相连，达到提前发布相关控制、管理信息，从而全部实现智能化管理。通过大厦和小区的智能化控制中心还可与社会相关职能部门联网，将有关信息发布出去或收集进来，扩大车库的社会利用率和经济效益。这将是自动化车库的发展方向。立体车库自动化控制系统主要包含以下五个子系统：自动收费管理系统，自动存取车系统，远程诊断系统，自动道闸， 监控安保系统。以上子系统均由中央控制室统一控制，可为客户规划停车库管理形式，发布车库库存容量，控制车流方案。 2.1.1自动收费管理系统自动收费采用非接触式IC卡。IC卡
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