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离心 切片机 设计

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毕业设计(论文)任务书学 院： 题 目： 离心式切片机设计 起 止 时 间： 2011.12.282012.5.30 学 生 姓 名： 班 级： 指 导 老 师： 系 室 主 任： 院 长： 2011 年 12 月 27 日论文 (设计) 内容及要求：一、 毕业设计（论文）原始依据随着人们的生活水平越来越高，对一些茎块作物的食用要求也越来越高。例如在食用土豆或一些薯类的时候要将其切成丝或片，因而离心式切片机应运而生。此设计的切片机主要针对中小型场合，例如加工作坊、食堂、家庭等；针对一些茎块的形状而设计的。本文分别对带、轴、刀片、刀盘等进行设计计算，对轴承、键等元件进行了选择。切片机有较高的效率，能分别对土豆、红薯、洋葱等进行工作。二、 毕业设计（论文）主要内容主要技术参数：切割装置由回转叶轮和定刀片组成；配套动力：11.5 kW切片厚度：25 mm ；叶轮转速：200550转/分；生产率：5001000 kg/h三、 毕业设计（论文）基本要求1）所设计的切片机应具有以下特点： 适应于各类水果和块茎类物料； 进行优化设计，达到主要技术参数的要求。2）需要提交的（电子）文稿：（1）完成3张A0图（折合），并要求利用计算机绘图软件绘出装配原理图及各零部件图，正稿电子文档各一份；（2）设计说明书20000字以上，并有3000字的外文文献翻译和300字左右中英文摘要；提交正稿、正稿电子文档各一份。要求计算合理、数据可靠，格式按南华大学毕业设计的相关规定；（3）设计说明书的内容包括：设计离心式切片机的目的和意义；设计原理和研究的主要内容；整体方案的确定；主要零、部件的选择和设计；切片过程分析与计算：重要零、部件的计算与校核；参考文献；鸣谢。四、 毕业设计（论文）进度安排2011.12.272012.1.13 查阅文献资料，翻译外文资料，完成开题报告；2012.2.82012.3.8 根据相关资料进行设计数据的计算与校核；2012.3.92012.4.8 根据数据和相关资料完成设计说明书初稿；2012.4.92012.5.8 进行CAD图纸的绘制；2012.5.92012.5.30 完成设计说明书的撰写与装订，CAD出图，检查说明书和图纸，准 备答辩。五、 主要参考文献1 任显云,侯明亮.多功能块根状蔬菜加工机的研制N.青岛农业大学学报（自然科学版）,2008（01）:61632 马海乐.食品机械与设备M.北京:中国农业出版社,20043 陈云芬.绿色能源开发新亮点N.云南科技报,2006（12）:17184 沈再春.农产品加工机械与设备M.北京:中国轻工业出版社,19935 农业知识.薯类食品加工发展前景J.致富与农资,2010（09）:376 刘秉忠.我市土豆产业发展前景展望访市农科院院长温埃清N.巴彦淖尔日报,2008（05）:25277 郭春华.云南薯类作物生产现状与产业化前景分析N.西南农业学报, 2004（17）:3843878 陆国权.第12届热带薯类作物学会国际研讨会J.世界农业,2001（01）:52539 借力小土豆发展大经济N.中国信息报,2011（04）:232410 李良藻,汤楚宙.农产品加工机械M.长沙:湖南教育出版社，198911 谢中生.国外切片机发展评述J.电子工业专业设备,1996（03）:364212 厉建国,赵 涛.食品与加工机械M.成都:四川科学技术出版社出版,198413 蔡 军,李静霞.6P-400型切片机J.农业机械化与电气化,1998（01）:313214 李昌满.6PSL-550型离心式人参切片机J.农村机械化,1997（01）:1616 15 李昌满,刘福文.离心式人参切片机设计研究J.粮油加工与食品机械,1996（06）:2223 16 濮良贵,纪明刚.机械设计（第八版）M. 北京:高等教育出版社,2006.0517 成大先.机械设计手册（第五版）1 5卷M.北京:化学工业出版社,200718 寇尊权,王 多.机械设计课程设计M. 北京:高等教育出版社,2006.1019 Deyong Yang,Jianping Hu.Study and Improvement for Slice Smoothness in Slicing Machine of Lotus RootJ.Ministry of Education Jiangsu Province Jiangsu University.2009(03)20 Laichun Suo, Pingping Liu. Numerical Simulation of Cutting Process of The Slice Components Cutting MachineJ.Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology (New Series).Vol 17.no.1.2010。21 Yuan Liu, Haitao Wu. Design According to the Pastry Slice Machine of SolidWorks TerraceJ.Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering , Kunming Univer sity of Science and Technolog y, Kunming , China.2011(03) 指导教师： 年 月 日南华大学机械工程学院毕业设计（论文）Study and Improvement for Slice Smoothness in Slicing Machine of Lotus Root De-yong YANG ,Jian-ping HU , En-zhu WEI , Heng-qun LEI ,and Xiang-ci KONG Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology Ministry of Education Jiangsu Province Jiangsu University . Zhenjiang .Jiangsu Province .P.R.China212013Tel.: +86-511-8;Fax:+86-511-8Jinhu Agricultural Mechanization Technology Extension Station . Jinhu countyJiangsu Province .P.R.China 211600Abstract: Concerning the problem of the low cutting quality and the bevel edge in the piece of lotus root, the reason was analyzed and the method of improvement was to reduce the force in the vertical direction of link to knife. 3D parts and assemblies of cutting mechanism in slicing machine of lotus were created under PRO/E circumstance. Based on virtual prototype technology, the kinematics and dynamics analysis of cutting mechanism was simulated with ADAMS software, the best slice of time that is 0.2s0.3s was obtained，and the curve of the force in the vertical direction of link to knife was obtained. The vertical force of knife was changed according with the change of the offset distance of crank. Optimization results of the offest distance of crank showed the vertical force in slice time almost is zero when the offset distance of crank is -80mm. Tests show that relative error of thickness of slicing is less than 10% after improved design, which is able to fully meet the technical requirements. Keywords: lotus root; cutting mechanism; smoothness; optimization 1 Introduction China is a country of producing lotus toot, lotus root system of semi-finished products of domestic consumption and external demand for exports is relatively large. In order to improve efficiency, reduce labor intensity, the group work, drawing on the principle of the artificial slice based on the design and development of a new type of lotus root slice (Bi Wei and Hu Jianping, 2006). This new type of slice solved easily broken cutting, stick knives, hard to clean up and other issues, but the process appears less smooth cutting, and some have a problem of hypotenuse piece of root. In this paper, analyzing cutting through the course of slice knife, the reasons causing hypotenuse was found, and the corresponding improvement of methods was proposed and was verified by the experiments.2 Structure of Cutting Mechanism of Slicing Machine Cutting mechanism of the quality of slice lotus root is the core of the machine, the performance of its direct impact on the quality of slice. Virtual prototyping of cutting mechanism of slice lotus root (Fig.1) was built by using PRO/E, and mechanism diagram of the body is shown in Fig.2. Cutting principle of lotus slicer adopted in the cardiac type of slider-crank mechanism was to add materials inside, which can be stacked several lotus root, lotus root to rely on the upper part of the self and the lower part of the lotus press down, so that it arrives in the material under the surface of the baffle. While slider-crank mechanism was driven by motor, the knife installed on the slider cut lotus root. In the slice-cutting process it was found that parallelism of the surface at both ends of part of piece lotus was not enough, which can not meet the technical requirements for processing.Fig.1 Virtual prototyping of cutting mechanismFig.2 Diagram of cutting mechanism Study and improvement for slice smoothness in slicing machine of lotus root.3 The Cause of the Bevel Edge Uneven thickness and bevel edge of cutting were related with forces on the slice knife in the process of cutting. In accordance with cutting mechanism (Fig.2), without taking into account the friction and weight, the direction of force F of point C was along the link. Force F may be decomposed with a horizontal direction force component and a vertical direction force component. The horizontal force component pushed the knife moving for cutting, but the vertical force component caused the knife moving along the vertical direction. Because of the gap between the slider and the rail, the vertical force component made the blade deforming during the movement, and knife could not move along the horizontal direction to cut lotus root, which caused the emergence of bevel edge. Thus, to reduce or eliminate the vertical force component in the cutting-chip was key to solve the problem of bevel edge and improve the quality of cutting.When crank speed was 6990r/min, the horizontal and vertical direction of the force curve of point C connecting link and the blade hinge are shown in Fig.3 and Fig.4 respectively. As can be seen from the chart, with the crank speed improvement the horizontal and vertical direction of the force in point C also increased. The horizontal force changed relatively stable during 0s0.2s, which was conducive to cutting lotus, but the vertical force increased gradually. The more the vertical force was, the more detrimental to the quality cutting. Fig.3 Horizontal force of CFig.4 Vertical force of C4 Simulation and Optimization If improving flatness of the slicer, the structure was optimized to reduce the vertical force component, so as far as possible the level of cutting blade.When crank speed was 6090r/min the velocity curve and acceleration curve of the knife center of mass are shown in Fig.5 and Fig.6 respectively. According to the speed curve, the speed of the knife center of mass was relatively large in a period of 0.2s0.3s. In accordance with the requirements that the knife should have a higher speed during cutting lotus, so this period time was more advantageous to cutting than other terms. According to acceleration curve. When calculates by one cycle, the acceleration value was relatively quite small in the period of time, 0.15s0.3s compared with other time section. Which indicated that the change of velocity was relatively small, simultaneously the force of inertia was small, and the influence of vibration caused by the force was small to the slicer. Therefore,this period of time, 0.2s0.3s, to cut root piece was advantageous in enhances the cutting quality of lotus root piece.Fig.5 Velocity curve of center of mass of knife Fig.6 Acceleration curve of center of mass of knife Based on the above analysis, the vertical force component between link and the knife was the main reason for bevel edge. According to the characteristics of slider-crank mechanism, reducing the vertical force on the knife in the period of cutting time by altering crank offest was tried to enhance the quality of the cutting. When crank speed was 60r/min, the crank eccentricity was optimized. When the offest of the crank was 40mm, 20mm, 0mm, -20mm, -40mm, -80mm, -120mm respectively, the mechanism was simulated and the vertical force curves under different crank eccentricity were obtained, as shown in Fig.7.Fig.7 vertical force curves in different offest Fig.7 indicates that: When the eccentricity was positive, the vertical force on point C increased gradually in 0.2s0.3s with the increase of crank oddest: When the eccentricity was negative, the force decreased gradually first and then begun to increase along with -80mm. So when the offest was -80mm, the numerical of the force in 0.2s0.3s achieved the minimum and the quality of cutting was the best.When the crank rotated in the other speed, there were the same optimization results. Fig.8 show the curve of vertical force in the offest of 0mm and -80mm when the speed of crank was 80r/min. From the Fig.8 it is obvious that vertical direction of the force of point C in 0.2s0.3s reduced a lot when the eccentricity is -80mm. Therefore, the vertical force could be reduced by optimizing the slider-crank mechanism of eccentricity.Fig.8 Vertical force of C5 Experimental AnalysisThe relative error of thickness of lotus root piece reflects the quality of cutting. Which is generally controlled of 10%. There always existed bevel edge phenomenon and the relative error of thickness was about 15% before structural optimization and improvement, which was difficult to meet the technical requirements. The offset in the slider-crank mechanism was optimized, and its structure was improved according to the results of optimization. After improvement cutting test were done in the conditions of crank speed for 80110r/min and statistical data about the relative error of thickness was shown in Table.1. Four levels were separated in the experiment, three times for each level.Table 1 Relative error of thickness of slicingNOCrank speed (r/min)809010011016.6%6.4% 8.2%9.5%25.3%6.1%8.5%9.2%26.4%7.9%7.9%9.4%Average6.1%6.8%8.2%9.4% It is derived from Table.1 that the relative error of the thickness of slices could meet the technical indicators when the crank speed was 80110r/min, especially in the crank rotation speed 80r/min, 90r/min the relative error of thickness was less than 7%,and high quality was achieved.6 ConclusionThe vertical force component acted on the knife in the process of cutting was the main reason for surface formation and bevel edge, so the key of improving the quality was to reduce the vertical force. Through slice knife and velocity acceleration simulation analysis the best time for slicing, 0.2s0.3s, was obtained. By optimizing the offset of the crank the vertical force during cutting time was greatly reduced when the offset was -80mm. Experiments were made after improving the design of lotus root slicer, which results showed that by changing the offset of the crank, the relative error of the thickness could fully meet the requirements of less than 10%. So the problem was basically solved that the flatness was not ideal and was the issue of bevel edge.1References 1 Wei,B . jianping,H.: Study of lotus root slicing techniques and design of new model,Journal of agricultural mechanization research (12),112-114(2006)(in Chinese)2 Enzhu, w.:the simulation and optimization on the new slicing machine of lotus root based on virtual prototype technology .jiangsu university 2008)in Chinese)3 Ce ,Z .:mechanical dynamics .higher education press1999)4Xiuning ,C.:optimal design of machinery .zhejiang university press1999)5Liping,C.,yunqing,Z.,weiqun,R.: dynamic analysis of mechanical systems and application Guide ADAMS . Tsinghua university press ,Beijing(2005)Page 8 of 8南华大学机械工程学院毕业设计（论文）莲藕切片机切片平滑度的研究和改进杨德勇 胡建平 韦恩铸 雷恒群 孔祥次农业设备和现代技术的国家重点实验室江苏省教育部 江苏大学.江苏.镇江中国 江苏省 212013电话 +86-511-8:传真+86-511-8金湖农业机械化技术推广站中国 江苏省 211600摘要：针对莲藕切削质量不高和莲藕片的斜边问题，通过分析原因，改进的方法就是减少刀在垂直方向的力。在Pro/E的环境下创建了莲藕切片机的3D零件和装配体。基于虚拟样机技术，切片机的运动学和动力学分析是在ADAMS软件模拟实验下实现的，获得最佳的切削时间为0.2s0.3s，并且得到了刀在垂直方向上的力的曲线。刀在垂直方向上的力随着曲柄偏移量的变化而改变。曲柄的偏移量优化结果表明，当曲柄的偏移量为-80mm时，在切削时间里的垂直方向上的力几乎为零。测试结果表明，经过改进设计后，切片厚度的相对误差小于10，这是能够完全满足技术要求的。关键词：莲藕；切削机制；平滑度；优化1前言 中国是一个生产莲藕的大国，莲藕半成品系列食品的国内消费和外部的出口需求量比较大，为了提高工作效率，减轻劳动强度，设计工作组，在借鉴人工切莲藕片原理的基础上设计和开发一个新型的切片机（毕伟，胡建平，2006年）。这种新型的切片机容易解决切片易断，粘刀，难清理等问题，但过程中还是出现不平滑切削和一些斜边的现象。本文通过对切削时刀片的分析，发现了一些造成斜边现象的原因，并提出了相应的改进方法，并通过实验得到了验证。2 切片机切削结构原理莲藕切片的切削原理是机器的核心，性能直接影响切片的质量。在使用PRO / E平台下建立了莲藕切削原理的虚拟样机（图1），结构本身的原理图如图2所示。莲藕切片机的切削原理是通过核心的曲柄滑块机构往里面添加材料，它可以堆叠许多莲藕，莲藕依靠自己本身上部和下部的莲藕，以便它能够到达挡板的表面。曲柄滑块机构是由电机驱动，在滑块上安装刀片切莲藕。但在切削过程中，发现在一块莲藕两端面的平行度是不足够的，这不能满足加工的技术要求。图1 莲藕切削原理的虚拟样机图2 切片原理结构图切片机的莲藕片平滑度的研究和提高。3 斜边的原因厚薄不均匀和斜边问题与刀片在切削过程中的力量有关。按照结构原理（图2），不考虑相互间摩擦和重量的因素，C点的力F的方向是沿链接方向。力F可以分解为一个水平方向的分力和一个垂直方向的分力。水平分力造成的刀沿垂直方向移动切削，但垂直方向上的力造成的刀沿垂直方向移动。由于滑块和导轨之间的差距，垂直分力会使叶片在运动时变形，刀不能沿水平方向切莲藕，导致出现斜边。因此，解决斜边的问题和提高切削质量的关键是减少或消除切片时的垂直分力。 当曲轴转速为6090转/分钟，C点和刀片连接部位的水平和垂直方向的力曲线如图3和图4所示。从图上可以看出，当曲柄的速度提高后，C点水平和垂直方向的力也增加了，相对稳定的水平力有利于切削莲藕期间，但垂直方向上的力也逐渐增加。越多的垂直方向上的力，越不利于切削的质量。图3 C点的水平力图4 C点的垂直方向上的力4 仿真和优化如果提高切片的平整度，结构优化可以减少垂直分力，所以尽可能的要