中考英语语法专题复习 名词

名词,名词专有名词（如：Tom、China、theUnitedStates),可数名词,普通名词,物质名词(如：water水)抽象名词(如:happiness),个体名词(如：teacher教师)集体名词(如：police警察),不可数名词,名词的定义：表示人、事物、地方、现象及其他抽象概念名称的词。,一、专有名词1.表示人名如：JimKateLiLeiMissGao2.表示地名:如:ChinaUSAEnglandBeijing3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如：SundayMondayTuesdayJanuaryFebruary4.表示中外节日：国际性节日:NewYearMayDayChildrensDayWomensDayTeachersDay中国节日:SpringFestivalMid-autumnDayNationalDay西方节日:ChristmasDayEaster(复活节）FathersDayMothersDaySaintValentinesDay(情人节)5.机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如:CCTVUNWTOPLAPRC,二、不可数名词,一、不可数名词数量的表达法：通过改变量词形式的方法来表示不可数名词的量,abottleofwater-twobottlesofwaterapieceofbread-threepiecesofbread,表示不可数名词量的相关词语还有：some,alotof,much,alittle,little,lotsof,巩固练习:（1）一茶杯茶（2）一块冰（3）一条面包（4）五瓶橘汁（5）一磅糖（6）许多杯牛奶,二、既可做不可数名词，又可做可数名词的：,不可数名词可数名词,paper纸apaperglass玻璃aglassiron铁aironroom空间aroomchicken鸡肉achickenbeauty美abeauty,一张报纸一个玻璃杯一个熨斗一个房间一只小鸡一个美人,cap-capsdesk-desks,三、可数名词的复数形式,规则变化,A.绝大多数名词的复数形式在单数形式后加-S,B.以字母x、s、ch、sh结尾的名词在其后加-es,bus-busesbox-boxes,C.(1)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词需把y变为i再加-esstorystories(2)以元音字母+y结尾的名词在后面直接加-sdaydays,D.以e结尾的名词加-S,Page-pagesRose-rosesPrize-prizes,PKtimeI,task-watch-dish-star-boy-stomach-class-,taskswatchesdishesstarsboysstomachesclasses,PKtimeI,babyhouse-countrypartytoy-exercise-mouth-,babieshousescountriespartiestoysexercisesmouths,E.以-f或-fe结尾的可数名词,先将f或fe变成v再加-es,妻子拿刀去宰狼wifeknifewolfwiveskniveswolves小偷吓得发了慌躲在架后保己命半片树叶遮目光,thief-thieves,shelf-shelves,lifelives,self-selves,half-halves,leaf-leaves,F.（1）以元音字母+o结尾的名词，以及某些以o结尾的外来词，变为复数时只加-Sradioradios,（2）以辅音字母+o结尾的名词变为复数时多数加-espotato-potatoeshero-heroestomatotomatoes黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿Negroheropotatotomato,PKtime,zoothiefpianoleafzerorooftomatohero,zoosthievespianosleaveszerosroofstomatoesheroes,不规则变化,特殊变化：,单复同形,manpolicemanwomanfoottoothmousechildox,sheepfishdeerChineseJapanese,men,policemen,women,feet,teeth,mice,children,oxen,3.表示“某国人”的名词，其变化有三种情况,aJapanesefiveJapanese(e.gChinese),aFrenchmantwoFrenchmen(e.gEnglishmanEnglishwomanfishermanpolicemanFrenchwoman),aGermanfiveGermans(e.gRussianAmericanIndianItalianKorean),4.常以复数形式出现的名词,trousersglassesclotheswoodsthanksnewsgoodspoliticssocksphysics,口诀：中日不变英法变，其余后面s站,5.复合名词的复数形式,a.将主体名词变为复数,e.gaboystudentaflowershopanappletree,b.当名词的第一个构成部分为man,woman时，将2个构成部分均变为复数,e.gawomanteacheramannurse,boystudents,flowershops,appletrees,womenteachers,mennurses,四、名词的所有格,Tom的书怎么表示答?房间的窗户?,Tomsbook.windowoftheroom,Mikesbag,麦克的包男孩的小刀教师节儿童节妇女节,有生命名词,theboysknife,TeachersDay,ChildrensDay,WomansDay,thelegsofthechair,椅子腿房间里的桌子北京最好的公园今天的作业中国的城市2小时步行路程,无生命名词,Beijingsbestpark,todayshomework,Chinascities,thetablesoftheroom,twohourswalk,四、名词的所有格,有生命的名词,单数名词后加s,复数名词,以s结尾的名词只加,不以s结尾的仍加s,无生命的名词,用of,时间、国家、距离除外,有生命+s；以s结尾的+无生命用of时间、国家、距离、城市除外,四、名词的所有格,1.各自所有都加s;多者共有s加后,e.g珍妮和海伦的房间珍妮的房间和海伦的房间,JennyandHelensroom,JennysandHelensrooms,2.表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有格后面的名词,e.g:atmyuncles=atmyuncleshomeatthebutchers=atthebutchersshop,双重所有格,我父亲的朋友中的一个afriendofmyfathers,myteachersoffice,1我老师的办公室2学生们的练习本3今天的报纸4十五分钟的路程5到汤姆家去,Practice,toToms,15minuteswalk,todaysnewspaper,studentsexercisebooks,7广东的省会8教室的门9我父亲的一个朋友10他的两个兄弟11他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟)12他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟),thecapitalofGuangdong,thedoorsoftheclassroom,afriendofmyfather(s),twobrothersofhis,apictureofhisbrothers,apictureofhisbrother,主谓一致,当class,family,team,group,public等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数;看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。,e.gTheclass_waitingforher.Tomsfamily_verybig.Tomsfamily_filmfans.,is,are,news,maths,politics表示单数意义，动词用单数。,e.gThenews_herveryhappy.Maths_noteasyforhim.,is,are,makes,3.像goods,chopsticks,shoes,glasses,clothestrousers等表示复数含义的词，动词用复数。,e.g:Theshoes_hers.,但是:Apairofglasses_onthetable.Twopairsofglasses_onthetable.,is,are,are,police,people(人们),youth(青年们)只有单数形式，但表示复数意义，动词用复数。,e.gThepolicearegatheringinthestreet.TheChinesepeople_peace.,love,但是:people当“民族”，youth当“男青年”讲时，有单复数之分,Heisayouthof20.ManyEnglish-speakingpeoples_thisbook.,like,5.像deer、sheep等单复同形的词，动词单复根据具体情况定,Adeerisoverthereinthefield.Agroupofdeer_overthereinthefield.,are,Arethereany_onthehill?Yes,therearesome.A.houseB.sheepC.animalD.horse2.Youcanputyourschoolbagson_desk.A.LilyandLucyB.LilysandLucyC.LilyandLucysD.LilysandLucys,3._isalwaysonDecember25everyyear.A.AprilFoolstimeB.TreePlantingDayC.ChristmasDayD.NewYearsDay4.Wehaventany_inthefridge.Letsgoandbuysomecokeandorangejuice.A.vegetablesB.fruitC.drinkD.food5.Whatalwaysgoesupbutnevercomesdown?-_.A.AgeB.WaterC.AirD.Temperature,Look!Thosethree_(Englishman)aretalkingwiththree_(German).Wecanseealotof_(sheep)atthefootofthehill,butwecantseeany_(people)there.Nowwecangetmuch_(information)throughtheInternet.,Englishmen,Germans,sheep,people,information,4.Where