婚姻法-the-law-of-marriage

MarriageLaw三班第五小组黄雅灿李万琴朱霖菲马玲,目录,Content,1,Marriagee,2,Divorce,3,4,Inheritancelaw,2020/5/15,Marriagelawreferstothelegalrequirementswhichdeterminethevalidity(合法性)ofamarriage,whichvaryconsiderablybetweencountries.,2020/5/15,MarriageLawofthePeoplesRepublicofChina,ChapterIGeneralProvisions总则ChapterIIMarriageContract婚姻合同ChapterIIIFamilyRelations家庭关系ChapterIVDivorce离婚ChapterVSalvageMeasuresandLegalLiabilities救助措施与法律责任ChapterVISupplementaryProvisions附则,2020/5/15,GeneralProvisions总则,Article1ThisLawisthefundamentalcodegoverningmarriageandfamilyrelations.第一条本法是婚姻家庭关系的基本准则。Article2Amarriagesystembasedonthefreechoiceofpartners,onmonogamyandonequalitybetweenmanandwomanshallbeapplied.Thelawfulrightsandinterestsofwomen,childrenandoldpeopleshallbeprotected.Familyplanningshallbepractised.第二条实行婚姻自由、一夫一妻、男女平等的婚姻制度。保护妇女、儿童和老人的合法权益。实行计划生育。Article3Marriageuponarbitrarydecisionbyanythirdparty,mercenarymarriageandanyotheractsofinterferenceinthefreedomofmarriageshallbeprohibited.Theexactionofmoneyorgiftsinconnectionwithmarriageshallbeprohibited.Bigamyshallbeprohibited.Anyonewhohasaspouseshallbeprohibitedtocohabitwithanotherpersonoftheoppositesex.Familyviolenceshallbeprohibited.Maltreatmentanddesertionofonefamilymemberbyanothershallbeprohibited.第三条禁止包办、买卖婚姻和其他干涉婚姻自由的行为。禁止借婚姻索取财物。禁止重婚。禁止有配偶者与他人同居。禁止家庭暴力。禁止家庭成员间的虐待和遗弃。Article4Husbandandwifeshallbeloyaltoeachotherandrespecteachother;familymembersshallrespecttheoldandcherishtheyoung,helpeachother,andmaintainthemarriageandfamilyrelationshipcharacterizedbyequality,harmonyandcivility.第四条夫妻应当互相忠实，互相尊重，家庭成员间应当敬老爱幼，互相帮助，维护平等、和睦、文明的婚姻家庭关系。,Marriage,Marriageisaninstitutionthatishistoricallyfilledwithrestrictions.Fromage,togender,tosocialstatus,restrictionsareplacedonmarriagebysociety.,MarriageageTheminimumageatwhichapersonisabletolawfullymarry,andwhetherparentalorotherconsentsarerequiredUponreceiptofanapplicationtoregisteramarriage,thecivilaffairsofficewillascertainthatbothpartiesareofminimummarriageabilityage(generally22formenand20forwomen),althoughahigherminimummaybeestablishedbythelocalcivilaffairsoffic.Bothpartiesaresinglethentheyarefreetomarry.Personswhohavebeenmarriedpreviouslywillbeaskedtosubmitoriginalorcertifiedcopiesoffinaldivorceorannulmentdecrees(法定注销）,orofdeathcertificatesifwidowed.,GenderrestrictionsInresponsetochangingsocialandpoliticalattitudes,somejurisdictionsandreligiousdenominationsnowrecognizemarriagesbetweenpeopleofthesamesex.Somejurisdictionshaveinsteadcivilunionsordomesticpartnerships,whilesomeothersexplicitlyprohibitsame-sexmarriages.Atpresent,thefollowingcountriesadmitthelegalityofhomosexualmarriageTheNetherlands,Belgium,Spain,Canada,SouthAfrica,Norway,SwedenandPortugal,KinshiprestrictionsThemarriagelawsofallcountriesrestricttherelativesapersonisallowedtomarry,thoughthedegreeofprohibitedrelationshipvarieswidely.Inmostcountries,marriagebetweenbrothersandsistersisforbidden.Manycountriesmaintainastandardofrequireddistance(inbothconsanguinity(血亲关系）andaffinity（姻亲关系）)formarriage.,ThecurrentlawrelatingtomarriageinChinaistheMarriageLawofthePeoplesRepublicofChina1980asamendedinApril2001.Underthislaw,marriageregistrationproceduresareadministeredbythelocalcivilaffairsoffice,minzhengju,ineachjurisdiction.Personsplanningtomarryshouldvisitoneoftheseofficesforspecificinformation.Therewillbeafeeforthisvisit.,theDefinitionofDivorce,Divorceisalegaldissolutionofthemarriageagreementbyacourtoranyotherbodythathascompetentauthority主管部门.Itisthedecree法令orwritingbywhichamarriageisdissolved.Theworddivorceissometimesusedtomeanseparationordisunionofthings,whicharecloselyunited.,Howcanyougetdivorced?8differentkindsofdivorce:SummaryDivorceUncontestedDivorceDefaultDivorceFaultandNo-FaultDivorceMediatedDivorceCollaborativeDivorceArbitration仲裁ContestedDivorce,UncontestedDivorce协议离婚Thebestchoice.Thatsoneinwhichyouandyourspouseworktogethertoagreeonthetermsofyourdivorce,andfilecourtpaperscooperativelytomakethedivorcehappen.Therewillbenoformaltrial,andyouprobablywonthavetoeverappearincourt.,DefaultDivorce默认离婚Thecourtwillgrantadivorceby“default”ifyoufilefordivorceandyourspousedoesntrespond.Thedivorceisgrantedeventhoughyourspousedoesntparticipateinthecourtproceedingsatall.Adefaultdivorcemighthappen,forexample,ifyourspousehasleftforpartsunknownandcantbefound.,MediatedDivorce调解离婚Indivorcemediation,aneutralthirdparty,calledamediator,sitsdownwithyouandyourspousetotrytohelpyouresolvealloftheissuesinyourdivorce.Themediatordoesntmakeanydecisions;thatsuptoyouandyourspouse.Instead,themediatorhelpsyoucommunicatewitheachotheruntilyoucancometoanagreement.,CollaborativeDivorce协作离婚Collaborativedivorceinvolvesworkingwithlawyers,butinadifferentwayfromtheusualexpectation.Youandyourspouseeachhirelawyerswhoaretrainedtoworkcooperativelyandwhoagreetotrytosettleyourcase.Eachofyouhasalawyerwhoisonyourside,butmuchoftheworkisdoneincooperation.Eachofyouagreestodisclosealltheinformationthatsnecessaryforfairnegotiations,andtomeetwitheachotherandbothlawyerstodiscusssettlement.Youallagreethatifyourdivorcedoesntsettlethroughthecollaborativeprocess,youroriginalattorneys律师willwithdrawandyoullhiredifferentattorneystotakeyourcasetotrial.,TenThingsYouShouldKnowAboutDivorce：1.DontExpecttoWinYourDivorceCase2.DontMakeImportantDecisionsWithoutThinkingThemThrough3.YoureGettingDivorced:YourKidsArent4.DontBelieveEverythingOtherPeopleTellYouAboutTheirDivorce5.ForgetthePast.PreparefortheFuture.BeaBigPicturePerson6.CourtisNotAllThatItsCrackedUptoBe7.ConsiderAlternativestoCourt8.BeHonestwithYourAttorneyandYourSpouse9.CreateanInventoryofHouseholdFurnitureandFurnishingsandMakeCopiesofImportantDocuments10.HaveReasonableExpectations,2020/5/15,Inheritancelaw,WhatareInheritanceLaws?,InheritanceLawsarethosestatutesandregulationsaffectingwhoisentitledtoreceivewhatfromtheestateofadeceasedrelative.Somerelatives,suchasspouses（配偶）andchildren,havearighttoclaimaninheritanceandcanevendosodespitetheexpresstermsofawill.,Spouses,Inmostcircumstances,thelawprohibitsleavingaspousecompletelyoutofawill.Instatesthatfollowacommunitypropertysystem(Arizona,California,Idaho,Louisiana,Nevada,NewMexico,Texas,Washington,Wisconsin,andAlaska)eachspouseautomaticallyownshalfofwhattheybothearnedduringthemarriageunlesstheyhaveawrittenagreementtothecontrary.Asaresult,eitherspousecandowhatheorshelikeswithhisorherhalf-shareofthecommunitypropertyandhisorherseparateproperty.Everywhereelse,whilethereisnorulethatpropertyacquiredduringmarriageisautomaticallyownedbybothspouses,moststatesgiveasurvivingspousetherighttoclaimeither1/3to(dependingonthejurisdiction)ofthedeceasedspousesestateinordertopreventanyonefrombecomingdisinherited.Thisistrueregardlessofthetermsofthewill,andusuallyinspiteofthem.Theseprovisionsoflawapplyonlyifasurvivingspousepetitionsthecourtforhisorhershareperthestatute.Ifheorshedoesnotobjecttoreceivingless,thewillishonoredandthedecedentslastwisheswillbecarriedoutasinstructed.,21,Children,Moststatesgrantnorightsatalltochildrentoinheritfromtheirparents.However,inafewcircumstanceschildrenmaybeentitledtoclaimashareofadeceasedparentsproperty.Moststatesalsohavelawstoprotectagainstaccidentaldisinheritance.Thatis,ifawillpredatesthebirthofachildandleavespropertytothechildssiblingsbutthewillwasneverrevisedafterthechildsbirth,thelawpresumestheparentdidnotintendtoomitthenewestchild,givingthatchildcertainrightstoinherit.Insomejurisdictions,theselawscanapplynotonlytodirectchildren,butalsotoanygrandchildrenofachildwhohasdied.Ifonewishestodisinheritachildorgrandchild,thewillshouldclearlystatethisintentionorelsethatsurvivormayhavealegalbasisforchallengingthewill.,2020/5/15,ThelawsofinheritancewerefirstlaiddownintheBible.Scriptureprovidesasfollows:Thefirstbornson(bekhor)shallreceiveadoubleportionoftheinheritance(Deut.21:17).Ifamandieswithoutleavingason,hispropertyshallbetransferredtohisdaughter.Ifhehasnodaughter,hispropertygoestohisbrothers.Ifhehasnobrothers,tohisnearestrelativefromhisownfamily.Onthisbasis,therabbisruled:“Thisistheorderofinheritance:Thesonprecedesthedaughteri.e.,iftheinheritorleavesbothasonandadaughter,onlythesoninherits,andallthesonsoffspring（子孙，后代）i.e.,ifhediedbeforetheinheritorandleftchildrenprecedethedaughter.Thedaughterprecedesthebrothersoftheinheritor,andthedaughtersoffspringprecedethebrothers.Thebrothersprecedethefathersbrothers,andthebrothersoffspringprecedethefathersbrothers.Butthefatherwhosurviveshissonprecedesallhisoffspringi.e.,thebrother