《动词的时态》PPT课件

动词的时态,2.客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.3.表示格言或警句中。Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。e.g:Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.,4.代替将来，可用于表示事先安排或计划好的将来的动作，这些动词往往表示“来，去，出发，到达”等含义，如：begin,start,come,go,arrive,return,leave,stop,open,close,end,stay,do,have,give,die,meet,seeoff,gooff等(有具体的时间状语）e,g:Thetrainstartsatfive.Theplanearrivesatsix.,5.在时间状语从句，条件状语从句以及让步状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。e,g:Iwillgoifyougo.Youcanjointheclubwhenyougetabitolder.NOTES:Ifyouwilllisten,Iwilltellyouaboutit.,6.被动语态的构成am/is/are+过去分词e.g:TheGreatWallisknownallovertheworld.Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.,1.-Whenwillyoucometoseeme,Dad?-Iwillgotoseeyouwhenyou_thetrainingcourse.A.willhavefinishedB.willfinishC.arefinishingD.finish,2.Visitors_nottootouchtheexhibits.A.willrequestB.requestC.arerequestingD.arerequested,D,3.I_pingpongquitewell,butIHaventhadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play,4.-Youaredrinkingtoomuch.-Onlyathome.Noone_mebutyou.A.isseeingB.hadseenC.seesD.saw,C,5.-Willyougoskiingwithmethiswintervacation.?-It_.A.alldependB.alldependsC.isalldependedD.isalldependingB,B,6.-CanIhelpyou,sir?-YesIboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit_.didntworkB.wontworkC.cantworkD.doesntwork,7.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted,8.ItwasuntilthenthatIcametoknowthatknowledge_onlyfrompractice.hascomeB.comesC.cameD.hadcome,B,二.一般过去时的用法1.在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。Wheredidyougojustnow?但有时状语可以省去或隐含，需从上下文中猜测。,2.表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.,Itistimeforsb.todosthItistimesb.didsth.would(had)rathersb.didsth.Itistimesincesb.didsth.,句型,4.wish,wonder,think,hope等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。Ithoughtyoumighthavesome.我以为你想要一些。5.被动语态的构成was/were+p.p.,1.-Wherehaveyoubeenrecently?-I_inHangzhouonbusinessforaweeklastmonth.havebeenB.wasC.hadbeenD.hadgone2.-Yourphonenumberagain?I_quitecatchit.-Its69568442.A.didntB.couldntC.dontD.cant,B,A,3.-Whathappenedtothepricelessworksofart?-_.A.TheyweredestroyedintheearthquakeB.TheearthquakewasdestroyingthemC.TheydestroyedintheearthquakeD.Theearthquakedestroyedthem,4.-Youhaventsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?-ImsorryI_anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkitsprettyonyou.A.wasntsayingB.dontsayC.wontsayD.didntsay,5.Myuncle_untilhewasforty-five.A.marriedB.didntmarryC.wasnotmarryingD.wouldmarry6.Anawfulaccident_,however,occurtheotherday.A.doesB.didC.hastoD.hadto,7.OldMcdonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,butsoon_tohisoldways.A.returnedB.returnsC.wasreturningD.hadreturned8.-Nancyisnotcomingtonight.-Butshe_.A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised,注意：用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1）动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。Didyouwantanythingelse?Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.2）情态动词could,would.Couldyoulendmeyourbike？Wouldyoudomeafavor?,3usedto/beusedtousedto+do：Motherusednottobesoforgetful.Scarfusedtotakeawalk.beusedto+n./doing：对已感到习惯，或“习惯于”，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.(现在习惯于散步),三.一般将来时shall/will+V1.shall用于第一人称，常被will所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst?Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?,2.begoingto+不定式，表示将来。a.主语的意图，即将做某事。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?b.计划，安排要发生的事。Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。c.有迹象要发生的事Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.,3.be+todo1表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.2.表示职责、义务、意图、约定、可能性、命令等。Imsureyouaretobecomeusefulpersonsinthefuture.,beabout+不定式1.意为马上做某事。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.注意：beaboutto不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。2.be(just)abouttodowhenIwasjustabouttogotoswimintheriverwhenourguidefoundme.,5.一般现在时表将来1）下列动词：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。ThetrainleavesatsixtomorrowWhendoesthebusstart?Itstartsintenminutes.2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.,3）在时间或条件句中。WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.IllwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.4）在动词hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等后。Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.,6.用现在进行时表示将来意为：“意图”、“打算”、“安排”、常用于人。常用词为come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay,take等。Imleavingtomorrow.Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?7.被动语态的构成will+be+p.p.,8.区别(1)begoingto/will用于条件句时，begoingto表将来will表意愿Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,youdbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible.Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.,(2).beto和begoingtobeto表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。begoingto表示主观的打算或计划。Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(客观安排)Imgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(主观安排),1.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho_forthespoiledmilk.A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblame2.Insuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey_.havesurvivedB.aretosurviveC.wouldsurviveD.willsurvive,3.Hundredsofjobs_ifthefactorycloses.D.willloseA.loseB.willbelostC.arelost4.IvewonaholidayfortwoweekstoFlorida.I_mymum.A.amtakingB.havetakenC.takeD.willhavetaken,5.-Youveleftthelighton.-Oh,soIhave._andturnitoff.A.IllgoB.IvegoneC.IgoD.Imgoing6.Ifaman_succeed,hemustworkashardashecan.A.willB.istoC.isgoingtoD.should,7.-Dontforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.-_.A.IdontB.IwontC.IcantD.Ihavent8.It_longbeforewe_theresultoftheexperiment.A.willnotbe,willknowB.is,willknowC.willnotbe,knowD.is,know,B,C,四.现在完成时1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already,yet,just,recently,before,manytimes,once,twice等连用e.g:Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.,2.过去发生的事情持续到现在，有可能继续持续下去，常与持续动词连用，句中常有表示段时间的时间状语，如since,for,inthepast/lasttenyears,sofar,uptonow,howlong等。,e.g:GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepasttwentyyears.Wehavefinishedtenunitssofar.WehavelearnedEnglishsince1996.,3.瞬间性动词与延续性动词的互换becomebe,fallill-beill,join-be,die-bedead,buy-have,leave-beaway,marry-bemarried,borrow-keep,come-be,begin-beon,return-beback,fallasleep-beasleep,fallinlovewith-beinlovewith,比较：1.Hehasjoinedthearmy.Hehasbeenasoldierforfiveyears.2.Shehasdied.Shehasbeendeadfortenyears.3.Theygotmarriedtenyearsago.Theyhavebeenmarriedfortenyears.,4.比较过去时与现在完成时1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。,一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek，ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,具体的时间状语共同的时间状语:thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,once，before,already,recently，lately现在完成时的时间状语for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastyears,不确定的时间状语,3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。,Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）,Whydidyougetupsoearly?Whohasnthandedinhispaper?ShehasreturnedfromParis.Shereturnedyesterday.HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.,HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.Ihavefinishedmyhomeworknow.-WillsomebodygoandgetDr.White?-Hesalreadybeensentfor.,句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday,lastweek,in1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（对）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.,比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Christinewasaninvalid(病人）allherlife.(含义：她已不在人间。)Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife.(含义：她现在还活着),Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能继续住下去),5.用于现在完成时的型1）Itisthefirst/secondtime.that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.,2）Thisisthethat结构，that从句要用现在完成时.ThisisthebestfilmthatIve(ever)seen.Thisisthefirsttime(that)Iveheardhimsing.3)被动语态的构成has/have+been+p.p.,1.-Doyouknowourtownatall?-No,thisisthefirsttimeI_here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming,B,2.-Haveyou_beentoourtownbefore?-No,itsthefirsttimeI_here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecome,D,4._thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.-Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.IvebeentoldB.IvetoldC.ImtoldD.Itold,5.Theprice_,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.A.wentdownB.willgodownC.hasgonedownD.wasgoingdown,6.Allthepreparationsforthetask_,andwerereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted,D,7.-Howareyoutoday?-Oh,I_asillasIdonowforaverylongtime.A.didntfeelB.wasntfeelingC.dontfeelD.haventfelt,D,8.IwonderwhyJenny_usrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.A.hasntwrittenB.doesntwriteC.wontwriteD.hadntwritten,A,9.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday_yet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided,D,10.-Howlong_atthisjob?-Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed,11.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_totheparty.A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited,6.since的四种用法1)since+过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980,lastmonth,halfpastsix)。Ihavebeenheresince1989.2)since+一段时间+agoIhavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.,3)since+从句Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.Considerabletimehaselapsed(逝去）sincewehavebeenhere.4)Itis+一段时间+since从句ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent.,7.延续动词与瞬间动词1)用于完成时的区别延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。Hehascompletedthework.他已完成了那项工作。(表结果)Iveknownhimsincethen.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历),2)用于till/until从句的差异延续动词用于肯定句，表示做直到瞬间动词用于否定句，表示到，才Hedidntcomebackuntiltenoclock.他到10点才回来。Hesleptuntiltenoclock.,典型例题1.Youdontneedtodescribeher.I_herseveraltimes.A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet,B,2.-Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.-Oh,notatall.I_hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe,A,3.-Whyisitsonoisyinthenextroom?-Becausethefivechildren_forthreehoursandtheirparents_thehousesincetheygotup.D.havebeenup,havebeenawayfromA.havebeenup,havegoneB.hadgotup,haveleftC.havebeenup,haveleft,4.-Wouldyoubesokindastotellmehowtogettotherailwaystation?-Sorry.Imastrangerhere.ThisisthefirsttimeI_here.A.havebeenB.wasC.havegoneD.am,5.Imsorry.ItoldyouIdbereadytoleaveat5:30,butIstill_mywork.A.didntfinishB.haventfinishedC.hadntfinishedD.wouldntfinished,五.过去完成时had+been1.概念：表示过去的过去-|-|-|-其构成是had+过去分词构成。那时以前那时现在2.用法a.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.,b.状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.,c.表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidnt.,3)过去完成时的时间状语before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas。HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbeguntomakealivingbyhimself.Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.4）had+been+p.p.(被动语态）,1.Thestudents_busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe_intheoffice.A.hadwritten,leftB.werewriting,hasleftC.hadwritten,hadleftD.werewriting,hadleft,D,2.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_inBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted,3.Thelittlegirl_herheartoutbecauseshe_hertoybearandbelievedshewasntevergoingtofindit.A.hadcried,lostB.cried,hadlostC.hascried,haslostD.cries,haslost,B,4.Thenewsuspensionbridge_bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned,B,5.JohnandI_friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe_eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.D.havebeen,hadseenA.hadbeen,haveseenB.havebeen,haveseenC.hadbeen,hadseen,D,6.He_tothelabthanhesetouttodotheexperiment.A.hasnosoonergotB.nosoonergotC.willnosoonergetD.hadnosoonergot,D,7.I_tobeabletogettomyseatwithoutbeingseen,butthatmorningitwasstrangelyquietandorderly.A.hopedB.hadhopedC.washopingD.hope,B,8.-_you_thechiefeditorattheairport?-No.He_awaybeforemyarrival.A.Have,met:hasdrivenB.had,met:wasdrivenC.Did,meet:hadbeendrivenD.Have,met:wasdriven,9.Hetoldusthatthemostimportantpoints_yet.A.didntcoverB.hadntcoveredC.werentcoveredD.hadntbeencovered,D,10.Whereonearthhaveyoubeen?We_youbackmuchearlier.A.wereexpectingB.areexpectingC.hadexpectedD.expect,3.用一般过去时代替完成时1)两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but等连词时，多用一般过去时。Whenshesawthemouse，shescreamed.MyauntgavemeahatandIlostit.,2)两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。WhenIheardthenews,Iwasveryexcited.3)叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。OurteachertoldusthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.,六.将来完成时1.构成willhavebeen2.概念a.状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。,b.动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或一获得的经验。Theywillhavebeenmarriedfor20yearsbythen.YouwillhavereachedShanghaibythistimetomorrow.,七.现在进行时(am/is/are+v-ing)a.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。Wearewaitingforyou.,b.习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.,c.表示渐变的动词有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。Theleavesareturningred.Itsgettingwarmerandwarmer.,d.与always,constantly,forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.e.am/is/are+being+p.p.(被动语态）,1.Mydictionary_,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill_it.A.haslost,dontfindB.ismissing,dontfindC.haslost,haventfoundD.ismissing,haventfound.,D,2.不用进行时的动词1)事实状态的动词have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue等。Ihavetwobrothers.Thishousebelongstomysister,2)心理状态的动词know,realize,think,see,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate等。Ineedyourhelp.Helovesherverymuch.,3)瞬间动词accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.Iacceptyouradvice4)系动词seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turnYouseemalittletired.,八.过去进行时(was/were+v-ing)1.概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2.过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。,3)常用的时间状语thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,whileMybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining,典型例题1.Mary_adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes,2.-Excuseme,sir.Wouldyoudomeafavor?-Ofcourse,Whatisit?-I_ifyoucouldtellmehowtofilloutthisform.A.hadwonderedB.waswonderingC.wouldwonderD.didwonder,3.Asshe_thenewspaper,Granny_asleep.A.read；wasfallingB.wasreading；fellC.wasreading；wasfallingD.read；fell,B,4.ThereportersaidthattheUFO_easttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastravellingB.travelledC.hadbeentravellingD.wastotravel,A,5.-Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!-Oh,Imterriblysorry._.A.ImnotnoticingB.IwasntnoticingC.IhaventnoticedD.Idontnotice,6.Shirley_abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdontknowwhethershehasfinishedit.A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting,7.Anewcinema_here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt,8.E-mail,aswellastelephone,_animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play,9.Idontreallyworkhere,I_untilthenewsecretaryarrives.A.justhelpoutB.havejusthelpedoutC.amjusthelpingoutD.willjusthelpout,C,10.IdontthinkJimsawme；he_intospace.A.juststaredB.wasjuststaringC.hasjuststaredD.hadjuststared,B,11.-Isthisraincoatyours?-No,mine_therebehindthedoor.A.hangsB.hashungC.ishangingD.hung,12.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_sorapidly.A.ischangingB.havechangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange,13.Ifirstmetherthreeyearsago.She_ataradiofactoryatthetime.A.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked,14.-Haveyougotyourfinalresult?-Notyet.Thepapers_.A.havenotcorrectedB.arestillbeingcorrectedC.havealreadybeencorrected,15.-ZhouLan,youlookpuzzled,haveyouunderstoodit?-Yes,I_anotherproblemjustnow.A.havethoughtB.thoughtC.hadthoughtofD.wasthinkingof,16.WhenIsaidsomestudentswerelazy,I_you.A.wasntreferringB.dontreferC.hasntreferD.didntrefer,九.现在完成进行时（has/have+been+v-ing)表示动作从过去某一个时间开始进行，一直延续到现在，而且还要延续下去，通常与表示一段时间的状语连用，更强调动作的持续性、暂时性或未完成性。,WehavelearnedEnglishfor7years.WehavebeenlearningEnglishfor7years.2.Theyhavebeenpreparingfortheexam.Theyhavepreparedfortheexam.,1.-Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.-Iamtired.I_thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted,2.I_violinlessonseverytwoweeks,butIthinkIllmakeiteverythreeweeksnextmonth.A.havebeenhavingB.amhavingC.havehadD.have,十、将来进行时(will+be+doing)概念：表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。Shellbecomingsoon.Illbemeetinghimsometimeinthefuture.注意：将来进行时不用于表示意志，不能说Illbehavingatalkwithher.,2）常用的时间状语Soon,tomorrow,thisevening，onSun