CommunityHealthandInfectiou(精)(1).ppt

CommunityHealthandInfectiousDiseases社區健康與傳染病K.N.Leung梁國南DepartmentofBiochemistry,andFoodandNutritionalSciencesProgramme,CUHK香港中文大學生化系、食品及營養科學課程,LectureOutline,ConceptsofHealthandDisease,HumanPathogensandInfections,PreventionofInfectiousDiseases,MicrobialControlandPublicHealth,EmergingandReemergingInfectiousDiseases,WHODefinitionofHealth,CommunityHealth,theparticipationofthecommunityinhealthcareprograms.,DefinitionofDisease,GermTheoryofDisease,LouisPasteur(1822-1895),RobertKoch(1843-1910),FoundersofMicrobiologyandModernMedicine,MotheristheFirstMicrobiologyInstructor!,AntonievanLeeuwenhoek(1632-1723)“FatherofMicrobiology”,Infectiousvs.Non-infectious,InfectiousdiseaseadiseasecausedbyapathogenicmicroorganismCommunicablediseaseaninfectiousdiseasethatistransmissiblefromonehumantoanother,eitherdirectlyorindirectlyContagiousdiseaseacommunicablediseasethatiseasilytransmittedfromonepersontoanother,TypesofDisease,TheWorldsMostCommonCausesofDeathfromInfectiousDiseases,DatafromTheWorldHealthReport2002,RespiratoryInfections(3.9million),AIDS,Diarrhealdiseases,Tuberculosis,Malaria,Measles,HepatitisB,Tetanus,Others,TypesofInfection,Acutevs.ChronicLatentvs.PersistentClinicalvs.SubclinicalHospital-acquiredvs.Community-acquired,Infectioninvasionofthebodytissuesbylivingorganisms,CausesofInfectiousDisease,VirusesBacteriaFungiProtozoaParasiticworms,Mostmicro-organismsareharmless,onlyafewarepathogenic,PATHOGENSINOURENVIRONMENT,TypicalStructureofaVirus,20-300nmindiameter,DifferentTypesofBacteria,Streptococcusthatcausessorethroats,LegionellapneumophilathatcausesLegionnairesdisease,Campylobacterjejunithatcausesfoodpoisoning,FACTORSAFFECTINGTHEEXTENTAIDS(愛滋病)2)bycontaminationofabrasionsandwounds:e.g.Rabies(狂犬病);Tetanus(破傷風)3)byinoculation:insectbiteMalaria(瘧疾);syringeserumhepatitis(血清性肝炎),ROUTESOFENTRYOFINFECTIOUSORGANISMS,Byingestionofcontaminatedfoodandwater:e.g.Cholera(霍亂);Infectivehepatitis(傳染性肝炎)Byinhalationofdustandaerosols-bornepathogens:e.g.Influenza(流行性感冒);Tuberculosis(肺結核)SARS(嚴重急性呼吸道症候群),TheHumanImmuneSystem人體的免疫系統,病毒細菌真菌寄生蟲癌細胞花粉,骨髓幹細胞,Lymphocytes淋巴細胞,Bcells:10-15%ofbloodlymphocytesTcells:70-80%ofbloodlymphocytes,IncludeMacrophagesDiarrheaisseenin10-20%patients;Mostpatientsdeveloppneumonia,SARS-CoVVirus(沙士冠狀病毒),TreatmentandPreventionofSARS,NospecifictreatmentforSARSAnti-viraldrugs:(a)inhibitvirusentrytotargetcells(b)blockvirus-inducedcellfusion(c)inhibitvirusreplicationImmunosuppressants(e.g.corticosteroids)DevelopmentofSARSvaccines,KnowMoreAbou