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外文资料翻译1DESIGNCONSIDERATIONSANDPERFORMANCEEVALUATIONOFSCREWCONVEYORSBYALANWROBERTSEMERITUSPROFESSORANDDIRECTOR,CENTREFORBULKSOLIDSANDPARTICULATETECHNOLOGIES,THEUNIVERSITYOFNEWCASTLE,AUSTRALIASUMMARYTHISPAPERISCONCERNEDPRIMARILYWITHSCREWCONVEYORSWITHFULLYENCLOSEDTUBULARCASINGSTHETHROUGHPUT,TORQUEANDPOWERARESIGNIFICANTLYINFLUENCEDBYTHEVORTEXMOTIONOFTHEBULKSOLIDBEINGCONVEYEDTHEVORTEXMOTION,TOGETHERWITHTHEDEGREEOFFILL,GOVERNTHEVOLUMETRICEFFICIENCYAND,HENCE,THETHROUGHPUTTHIS,INTURN,INFLUENCESTHETORQUE,POWERANDCONVEYINGEFFICIENCYATHEORYISPRESENTEDTOPREDICTTHEPERFORMANCEOFSCREWCONVEYORSOFANYSPECIFIEDGEOMETRYTHEINFLUENCEOFTHEFLOWPROPERTIESOFTHEBULKMATERIALONTHECONVEYORPERFORMANCEISILLUSTRATED1INTRODUCTIONSCREWCONVEYORSMAYBEGROUPED,BROADLY,INTOTWOCATEGORIES,THEUSHAPEDTROUGHTYPECONVEYORANDTHEFULLYENCLOSEDCONVEYORINCORPORATINGATUBULARCASINGSCREWCONVEYORSWITHUSHAPEDTROUGHTYPECASINGSAREWIDELYUSEDININDUSTRY,THEIROPERATIONBEINGRESTRICTEDTOLOWANGLESOFELEVATION,LOWSPEEDSANDLOWFILLRATIOSTHELOWFILLRATIOSARETOPROTECTTHEHANGERSUPPORTBEARINGSWHENLONGCONVEYINGDISTANCESAREEMPLOYEDSCREWCONVEYORSWITHFULLYENCLOSEDTUBULARTYPECASINGSAREMOREVERSATILETHEYOPERATEOVERAWIDERANGEOFSPEEDSANDANGLESOFELEVATIONUPTOTHEVERTICALTHEYPERFORMWELLATHIGHERFILLRATIOS,WITHTHECONVEYINGACTIONDUETOTHEHELICALSCREWBEINGENHANCEDBYTHERESISTANCETOROTARYORVORTEXMOTIONOFTHEBULKSOLIDBEINGPROVIDEDBYTHETOTALCASINGSURFACETHEIRDISADVANTAGEISTHELIMITATIONINCONVEYINGDISTANCESINCETHEYNEEDTOOPERATEWITHOUTINTERMEDIATESUPPORTBEARINGSTHISPROBLEMMAYBEOVERCOMEWITHSHAFTLESSSCREWSWHICHEMPLOYHELICALFLIGHTSOFHEAVYCROSSSECTIONSUPPORTEDONPLASTIC,WEARRESISTANTLINERSATTACHEDTOTHEINSIDESURFACEOFTHECASING外文资料翻译2THISPAPERFOCUSESPRIMARILYONFULLYENCLOSED,TUBULARCASINGTYPESCREWCONVEYORSOFPARTICULARINTERESTISTHEPERFORMANCEWITHRESPECTTOTHROUGHPUT,TORQUEANDPOWERWHILETHEPAPERDRAWSUPONONEARLIERWORKPERFORMEDDURINGTHEPERIOD1962641,2,ITCONCENTRATESONMORERECENTWORKDEALINGWITHTHEINFLUENCEOFVORTEXMOTIONONTHECONVEYINGACTION3THEEMPHASISISGIVENTOVERTICALANDSTEEPLYINCLINEDCONVEYORS,WITHANOUTLINEBEINGPRESENTEDREGARDINGTHEPREDICTIONOFPERFORMANCEATLOWERANGLESOFELEVATIONDOWNTOTHEHORIZONTALPARTICULARATTENTIONISGIVENTOTHEAPPLICATIONOFTHEMEASUREDFLOWPROPERTIESOFTHEBULKMATERIALBEINGCONVEYEDINTHISREGARDTHESIGNIFICANCEOFSCREWBLADEANDCASINGFRICTIONONTHECONVEYORPERFORMANCEISDISCUSSEDTHEUSEOFTHECORRECTBULKDENSITYOFTHECONVEYEDMATERIALTAKINGACCOUNTOFTHEMOISTUREANDCONSOLIDATIONCONDITIONSISEMPHASIZEDCASESTUDYEXAMPLESAREPRESENTEDINORDERTOILLUSTRATETHEAPPLICATIONOFTHEDESIGNPROCEDURESTOPRACTICALINDUSTRIALAPPLICATIONS2ENCLOSEDSCREWCONVEYORSTHERELEVANTDETAILSOFTHEENCLOSEDSCREWORAUGERCONVEYORARESHOWNINFIGURE1THEPOWERDRIVENSCREWFLIGHTISSUPPORTEDINBEARINGSANDREVOLVESINASTATIONARYTUBULARCASINGPRACTICALLIMITATIONSREQUIREALIBERALCLEARANCEBETWEENTHEFLIGHTANDTHECASINGANDTHISHASBEENSHOWNTOBEBENEFICIALRATHERTHANDETRIMENTALTOPERFORMANCETHESCREWFLIGHTISALLOWEDTOPROJECTBEYONDTHECASINGATTHELOWERORINTAKEEND,THISPROJECTIONBEINGREFERREDTOASTHE“CHOKE“THESCREWMUSTBEIMMERSEDINTOTHEFEEDMATERIALATLEASTTOTHELEVELOFTHELOWERENDOFTHECASING,OTHERWISETHECONVEYORWILLNOTELEVATETHEBULKMATERIALFIGURE1ENCLOSEDSCREWORAUGERCONVEYORFIGURE2CONVEYORTHROUGHPUT外文资料翻译321CONVEYORTHROUGHPUTTHETHROUGHPUTOFANENCLOSEDSCREWCONVEYORISINFLUENCEDBYTHEROTATIONALORVORTEXMOTIONOFTHEBULKMATERIALDURINGTRANSPORTATIONANDTHEDEGREEOFFILLOR“FULLNESS“OFTHESCREWASTHEROTATIONALSPEEDOFTHECONVEYORINCREASES,THEROTATIONALORVORTEXMOTIONDECREASESUPTOALIMITINGVALUE,MAKINGFORAMOREEFFICIENTCONVEYINGACTIONHOWEVER,WHENAGRAVITYFEEDSYSTEMINTOTHESCREWINTAKEISEMPLOYED,THEFEEDRATECANNOTMATCHTHEPOTENTIALCONVEYINGCAPACITY,ANDAREDUCTIONINFILLRATIOOR“FULLNESS“OCCURSTHENETRESULTISFORTHETHROUGHPUTOFTHESCREWCONVEYORTOREACHALIMITINGVALUEASILLUSTRATEDINFIGURE2BYEMPLOYINGAPOSITIVEFEEDSYSTEMTOINCREASETHE“FULLNESS“,THEEFFICIENCYOFTHECONVEYORCANBEIMPROVEDTHEVOLUMETRICTHROUGHPUTOFASCREWCONVEYORISGIVENBYQQTVM/S1QTD23DTPCS218QTMAXIMUMTHEORETICALVOLUMETRICTHROUGHPUTWITHCONVEYORRUNNING100FULLANDTHEBULKMATERIALMOVINGAXIALLYWITHOUTROTATIONVVOLUMETRICEFFICIENCYDSCREWDIAMETERMDCCOREORSHAFTDIAMETERMPPITCHMANGULARVELOCITYOFSCREWR/SCRADIALCLEARANCEMTSTHICKNESSOFSCREWBLADEMTHEVOLUMETRICEFFICIENCYOFASCREWCONVEYORISTHEPRODUCTOFTWOCOMPONENTSASINDICATEDVVRF4WHEREVRCONVEYINGORVORTEXEFFICIENCYACCOUNTINGFORTHEROTATIONALORVORTEXMOTIONFFULLNESSEFFICIENCY5PHAVHAVAVERAGEHEIGHTOFMATERIALONTHESCREWSURFACESEEFIGURE422EFFECTOFCONVEYORDIAMETERCORRESPONDINGSPEEDSCORRESPONDINGSPEEDSAREGIVENBYNONDIMENSIONALSPECIFICSPEEDNUMBERNSDEFINEDBY外文资料翻译4NS6GWR01789NDWHERER0OUTERRADIUSGGRAVITATIONALACCELERATIONNROTATIONALSPEEDREV/MINITFOLLOWSFROMEQUATION6THATSCREWCONVEYORSOFLARGEDIAMETERATTAINTHEIRMAXIMUMOUTPUTATLOWERSPEEDSTHANCONVEYORSOFSMALLERDIAMETER123MASSTHROUGHPUTINFLUENCEOFBULKDENSITYTHEMASSTHROUGHPUTOFASCREWCONVEYORINKG/SISGIVENBYQMQQTV7WHEREBULKDENSITY,KG/MITISIMPORTANTTHATATTENTIONBEGIVENTOTHECORRECTCHOICEOFBULKDENSITYFORVIRTUALLYALLBULKMATERIALS,THEBULKDENSITYINCREASESWITHCONSOLIDATIONPRESSUREAPPROACHINGAMAXIMUMLIMITINGVALUEASILLUSTRATEDBYFIGURE3THISSHOWS,BYWAYOFEXAMPLE,THEBULKDENSITYASAFUNCTIONOFMAJORCONSOLIDATIONPRESSUREFORATYPICALCOALSAMPLEALSOSHOWNISTHEPACKINGRATIOTHATRELATESTHEBULKDENSITYTOTHESOLIDSDENSITYASTHEPRESSURESINCREASE,THEBULKDENSITYAPPROACHESALIMITINGVALUECORRESPONDINGTOTHEMAXIMUMPACKINGRATIOUSUALLYTHECONSOLIDATIONPRESSURESATTHELOADINGORFEEDPOINT,DENOTEDBYLINFIGURE3,ARELOWANDTHEBULKDENSITYISALSOLOWTHECONVEYINGACTIONCAUSESTHEBULKMATERIALTOBECOMPRESSEDRESULTINGINANINCREASEINPRESSURETOPOINTRINFIGURE3THECONVEYORFILLRATIOTHENDECREASESANDTHEBULKDENSITYINCREASESTOESTIMATETHEBULKDENSITYUNDERCONVEYINGCONDITIONS,ITISFIRSTNECESSARYTODETERMINETHEMAJORCONSOLIDATIONPRESSUREACTINGONTHESCREWSURFACETHISPROCEDUREISDESCRIBEDINSECTION7FIGURE3BULKDENSITYANDPACKINGRATIOFORCOAL3VOLUMETRICTHROUGHPUTVERTICALCONVEYOR31CONVEYINGACTIONFIGURE4SHOWSTHECONVEYINGACTIONWITHINAVERTICALSCREWCONVEYORTHEVELOCITYDIAGRAMFORAPARTICLEINCONTACTWITHTHESCREWSURFACEATAPARTICULAR外文资料翻译5LOCATIONISSHOWNVSISTHESCREWVELOCITYDUETOITSROTATION,VRISTHERELATIVEVELOCITYOFTHEPARTICLEWITHRESPECTTOTHESCREWSURFACEANDVAISTHEABSOLUTEVELOCITYOFTHEPARTICLEDEFINEDBYTHEHELIXANGLETHISMEANSTHATTHEPARTICLEMOVESINAHELICALPATHOFOPPOSITEHANDTOTHESCREWHELIXFIGURE4MECHANICSOFCONVEYINGACTIONFIGURE5SHOWSTHEVELOCITYDIAGRAMINWHICHTHEABSOLUTEVELOCITYISRESOLVEDINTOTWOCOMPONENTS,THEUSEFULCONVEYINGVELOCITYVLANDTHEROTATIONALCOMPONENTVTSINCETHEHELIXANGLEAOFTHESCREWFLIGHTVARIESWITHTHERADIUS,BEINGSMALLERATTHEOUTERPERIPHERYANDLARGERATTHESHAFT,THEANGLE/WILLALSOVARYINTHERADIALDIRECTIONFROMTHEOUTSIDEOFTHEFLIGHTTOTHESHAFTTHISMEANSTHATTHEROTATIONALVELOCITYVTWILLVARYFROMTHEOUTSIDETOTHESHAFTTHEVARIATIONINVTWITHRADIUSDESCRIBESTHEVORTEXMOTIONINTHESCREWANDISEXPRESSEDBYCONSTANT8NTRVTHECONSTANTNISTHEVORTEXINDEXITHASBEENSHOWNBYROBERTS2,3THATN0,THATIS,THEVELOCITYCOMPONENTVTISCONSTANTANDDOESNOTVARYWITHTHERADIUSTHISMEANSTHATTHEHEIGHTHOFMATERIALONTHESCREWFLIGHTISCONSTANTANDDOESNOTVARYWITHTHERADIUSFIGURE5VELOCITYDIAGRAMREFERRINGTOFIGURE5,THEACTUALCONVEYINGVELOCITYVL,WHENEXPRESSEDASARATIOOFTHEMAXIMUMTHEORETICALCONVEYINGVELOCITYVLT,PROVIDESAMEASUREOFTHECONVEYINGEFFICIENCYALLOWINGFORLOSSESRESULTINGFROMTHEROTATIONALORVORTEXMOTIONITMAYBESHOWNTHAT9TANTLV外文资料翻译632EFFECTIVERADIUSFORTHECONVEYINGEFFICIENCYTOBEDETERMINED,ITISNECESSARYTOFIRSTDETERMINETHEVARIATIONOFTHEPATHHELIXANGLEASAFUNCTIONOFTHERADIUSANDROTATIONALSPEEDOFTHECONVEYORWITHTHEKNOWLEDGETHATCONSTANTANDDOESNOTVARYWITHTHERADIUS,THETVANALYSISOFTHESCREWCONVEYORMAYBESIMPLIFIEDBYLUMPINGTHEROTATIONALMASSANDRESULTANTFORCESATTHEEFFECTIVERADIUSREDEFINEDBY10IR032EWHEREROOUTSIDERADIUSOFSCREWFLIGHTINNERRADIUSOFRADIUSOFSHAFTIRTHEHELIXANGLEOFTHESCREWFLIGHTCORRESPONDINGTOREIS11EDERNPA01TWHEREPITCHD2ROSCREWFLIGHTDIAMETER33HELIXANGLESOFPARTICLEPATHTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEHELIXANGLEOFTHEPATHANDTHESPEEDOFROTATIONOFTHECONVEYORHASBEENSTUDIEDBYROBERTS13FORTHEPARTICULARCASEOFTHEEFFECTIVERADIUSRE,ITMAYBESHOWNTHATTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHESPECIFICROTATIONALSPEEDNSANDTHEHELIXANGLEEDEFININGTHEEFFECTIVEABSOLUTEPATHISGIVENBY12SEEFEESKSACKRNCOINTAN10WHERE13011FSFAND14FIJSRDPK012SFRICTIONANGLEFORSCREWSURFACEKJ04FFILLRATIOORFULLNESSCFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTFORBULKMATERIALONCASINGSURFACE外文资料翻译7NSISTHESPECIFICSPEEDDEFINEDBYEQUATION6THECOEFFICIENTSKFANDKSINEQUATION12TAKEINTOACCOUNTTHEBULKSOLIDSTRESSFIELDSWITHINTHESCREWSPACEANDDEPENDONTHEINTERNALFRICTIONOFTHEBULKSOLIDTHEANGLEEINCREASESWITHSPEEDOFROTATIONREACHING,ASYMPTOTICALLY,ALIMITINGVALUEDEFINEDASFOLLOWSAS,E90ESSNTHATIS,EAPPROACHESACONSTANTVALUEDEFINEDBYTHEHELIXANGLEOFTHESCREWANDTHEFRICTIONANGLEOFTHEBULKSOLIDINCONTACTWITHTHESCREWSURFACETHEHELIXANGLEOATTHEOUTERPERIPHERYADJACENTTOTHEINSIDESURFACEOFTHECASINGISOBTAINEDFROMTHEFOLLOWINGEQUATIONTANOTANO151TAN0EER34CONVEYINGORVORTEXEFFICIENCYITNOWFOLLOWSFROMEQUATION9THATTHECONVEYINGORVORTEXEFFICIENCYISGIVENBY16EELTEVRTANEEFFECTIVEHELIXANGLEEQUATION11EEFFECTIVEHELIXANGLEOFTHEPATHEQUATION1235FULLNESSORFILLRATIOGRAVITYFEEDUNDERGRAVITYFEED,SUCHASILLUSTRATEDINFIGURE1,THEFEEDINGACTIONINTHECHOKECONTROLSTHECONVEYORTHROUGHPUTFORAFREEFLOWINGBULKSOLID,THEFILLRATIOMAYBEAPPROXIMATEDBYF17010SFNCWHERE0901120060085SPECIFICSPEEDDEFINEDBY0FCFEQUATION6THECOMBINATIONOFTHEFILLRATIOFANDVORTEXEFFICIENCYVRALLOWSTHEVOLUMETRICEFFICIENCYVVRFTOBEOBTAINEDHENCETHETHROUGHPUTCANTHENBEDETERMINED4FORCEDFEEDING外文资料翻译8ANAPPROPRIATEFORCEDFEEDINGARRANGEMENTMAYBEUSEDTOMEETASPECIFIEDTHROUGHPUT,PARTICULARLYWHENCOHESIVEBULKSOLIDSARETOBECONVEYEDFOREXAMPLE,FORCEDFEEDINGISEMPLOYEDINTHESIWERTELTYPESHIPUNLOADERWHICHEMPLOYSACOUNTERROTATINGLOWERCASINGWITHFEEDVANESASILLUSTRATEDINFIGURES6AND7THESCREWCONVEYORCAPACITYISCONTROLLEDBYTHEFEEDINGDEVICEANDNOTBYTHECONVEYORITSELFTOAVOIDBLOCKAGESINTHESCREWINTAKE,ITISESSENTIALTHATTHECONVEYORSPEEDISHIGHENOUGHFORTHEFILLRATIOF1FIGURE6FORCEDFEEDINGFIGURE7PLANVIEWOFFEEDERCONSIDERATHREEVANEFEEDEROFTHETYPESHOWNINFIGURE6APLANVIEWISILLUSTRATEDINFIGURE7THEFEEDRATEMAYBEESTIMATEDASQMT/H18FEBENNDD60WHEREBULKDENSITY,T/MBWIDTHOFEFFECTIVEFEEDEROPENING,MDDEPTHOFEFFECTIVEFEEDEROPENING,MDEEFFECTIVEDIAMETEROFFEEDER,MNFFEEDERSPEEDNBNUMBEROFBLADES3FEFEEDINGEFFICIENCY5INFL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