2018年中考英语知识归纳复习专题 被动语态 外研版

被动语态【被动语态】在英语中，动词主要有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。当主语为动作的执行者时，谓语动词用主动语态；当主语为动作的承受者时，谓语动词用被动语态。当我们不知道或者没有必要说出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需要强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。如：smoking isnt allowed in the gas station.汽车加油站里面不允许吸烟。your work must be finished today.你们的工作必须今天完成。常见时态（含情态动词）的被动语态被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。常见时态（含情态动词）的被动语态的构成如下：时态被动结构例句一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词theclassroomiscleanedeveryday.这间教室每天都打扫。一般过去时was/were+过去分词ourschoolwasbuiltin1998.我们的学校是1998年建造的。一般将来时willbe+过去分词thesportsmeetingwillbeheldtomorrow.运动会将于明天举行。现在完成时have/hasbeen+过去分词thebankhasbeenbuilt.银行已经建成了。含情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词thebikecantbeputhere.这辆自行车不能被放在这里。【考点训练1】1.today chinese _ (teach) in many schools around the world.2.some famous paintings _ (show) in the hall next week.3.a new school _ (set up) in my hometown last year.4.how often do i need to feed the dog?it _ food every day,or it will be hungry. （ ）a.may giveb.may be givenc.must gived.must be given答案：is taught will be shown was set up d【被动语态的特殊结构】种类构成例句感官动词和使役动词的被动语态感官动词see/hear/watch/feel等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾补，变为被动语态时，省略的to要加上。weheardhersingintheroom.shewasheardtosingintheroom.我们听见她在房间里唱歌。动词短语的被动语态短语是“动词+介词/副词”时，变被动语态时介词、副词不能丢。weshouldspeaktotheoldpolitely.theoldshouldbespokentopolitelybyus.我们应该有礼貌地和老人说话。主动表被动feel,look,sound,smell,taste等系动词。thedishestastesodelicious.这些菜尝起来很美味。open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,drive等词作不及物动词时。thiskindofpenwritesverysmoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。表示“发生、进行”等的不及物动词及短语(happen,takeplace,comeout,runout,spread.)。thewaterhasrunout.水已经用完了。whendidthebookcomeout?这本书什么时候出版的？作“需要”讲的need,want,require后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。theproblemrequiresstudyingwithgreatcare.这个问题需要仔细研究。【考点训练2】1.tea plants are _ (grow) and _ (use) to make tea.2.kang jian found it interesting that so many products in the local shops _ (make) in china.3.the music _ the moonlight sonata. （ ） a.sounds like b.is heardc.is sounded like d.is listening4.an accident _ on the road last night. （ ）a.has happenedb.was happenedc.happenedd.was happening答案：grown used were made a c 【被动语态的固定搭配、句型】1. be made of,be made from,be made in与be made by2.be used for,be used as与be used to do3.it is said/believed/reported/known that.【中考示例】(2017广西)i think all the heavy and difficult jobs _ by machines and robots in the future. ( )a.dob.will doc.are doned.will be done【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：我认为未来所有的重活、难度大的工作都将由机器和机器人来完成。根据时间状语in the future可知，此处应用一般将来时；主语jobs和谓语动词do之间是被动关系，结合介词by可知此处应用一般将来时的被动语态。【考题热身】1.(2017甘肃)english _（speak) all over the world.2.(2017宿迁)the old car _（produce) in germany in the 1960s.3.(2017鄂州)teenagers should _（encourage) to solve their problems by themselves.4.(2017襄阳)the 24th winter olympic games _ in beijing and zhangjiakou in 2022,from february 4th to 20th. （ ）a.is going to hold b.holdc.will be held d.was held5.(2017重庆a卷)this picture _ by my cousin last year. （ ）a.draws b.drewc.is drawn d.was drawn6.(2017盐城)it is reported that about 120 foreign soccer experts _ to teach soccer school students. （ ）a.invite b.invitedc.to be invited d.will be invited7.(2017随州)your bedroom is so clean.of course.it every day. （ ）a.cleans b.cleanedc.is cleaned d.was cleaned8.(2017苏州)why hasnt tony come?the invitation letter _ to toby by accident. （ ）a.was emailed b.has emailedc.is emailed d.emailed9.(2017上海)the museum _ next month to celebrate the science & technology festival. （ ）a.is decorated b.will decoratec.is decorating d.will be decorated10.(2